1 总论 - World Bank
Environment Impact Assessment Report
For
Bayannaoer Water Reclamation and Environment Improvement Project
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Oct. 2010
Table of Contents
1 General Introduction 1
1.1 Project Background 1
1.1.1 Need of the Project 1
1.1.2 Project Objectives 1
1.1.3 Relevant Policies and Regulations 1
1.1.4 Relevant Planning of Environmental Protection Strategies 2
1.2 Assessment Purposes 5
1.3 Assessment Grade and Key Points 5
1.3.1 Assessment Grade 5
1.3.2 Assessment Key Points 6
1.4 Scope and Timing of Assessment and Environmental Protection Objects 6
1.4.1 Scope of Evaluation 6
1.4.2 Time Interval of Environmental Assessment 8
1.4.3 Environmental Protection Objects 8
1.5 Applicable Standards 11
1.5.1 Environmental Quality Standards 11
1.5.2 Standards for the Discharge of Pollutants 13
1.6 Environmental Impact Factors 16
1.6.1 Identification of Environmental impact Factors 16
1.6.2 Selection of Environmental Impact and Assessment Factors 17
1.7 Assessment Principles and Methods 29
1.8 Technical route for environmental impact assessment 29
2. Framework for Policy, Law and Administration 31
2.1 Documents on Environment Policy and Law 31
2.1.1 Outline 31
2.1.2 Laws and Rules on Environmental Protection 31
2.1.3 Technical Policies for Pollution Control 32
2.1.4 Plans and layout of social and economic development and environmental protection 32
2.1.5 Urban Master Plans and Related Plans 32
2.1.6 Technical Guidelines 32
2.1.7 Environmental Quality Standard 33
2.1.8 Standards for pollution discharge 33
2.1.9 World Bank safeguard policies 33
2.1.10 Documents related to the Project 33
2.2 Environmental Management Institutions and Their Responsibilities 33
3. Description and Analysis of the Project 37
3.1 Outline of the Project 37
3.1.1 Investment of the Project 37
3.1.2 Composition, construction content and size of the project 37
3.1.3 Proposed Locale of the Project 37
3.1.5 Floor Area of the Project and Plane Layout of Factory Area 42
3.1.6 Construction Progress Schedule 47
3.2 Construction Schedule of the Project 48
3.2.1 Subproject of Reclaimed Water Supply 48
3.2.2 Processing park wastewater treatment and reclamation sub-projects 61
3.2.3 Wuliangsuhai Lake Area Treatment Sub-project 63
4. Environmental Baseline 79
4.1 Profile of Regional Environment 79
4.1.1 Environmental Profile of Bayannaoer City 79
4.1.2 Environmental Profile of Subitem Location 83
4.2 Evaluation on the situation of regional environment quality 94
4.2.1 Evaluation on the situation of air environment quality 94
4.2.2 Current surface water environmental quality assessment 103
4.2.3 Assessment of current groundwater environmental quality 121
4.2.4 Evaluation of current acoustic environmental quality 126
4.2.5 Sediment Monitoring 128
4.2.6 Current status of ecological environment 130
4.3 Balance analysis on the project water resource 148
4.3.1 Balance analysis on the regional water resources 148
4.3.2 Water capacity balance in Ulansuhai 151
4.4 The pollution source in the project area and its treatment overview 154
4.4.1The water supply and consumption in the project area and the wastewater pollution source 154
4.4.2 Survey on industrial enterprises and their water pollution source in Processing Parks 154
4.4.3 Municipal wastewater treatment works 170
4.4.4 Solid waste 172
5 Comprehensive Environment Impact Assessment 174
5.1 Analysis on Environment Impact during Construction 174
5.1.1 Ambient Air Impact Analysis 174
5.1.2 Water Environment Impact Analysis and Assessment 177
5.1.3 Analysis of Acoustic Environmental Impact 179
5.1.4 Analysis of Solid Waste Environmental Impact 181
5.1.5 Analysis of Ecological Impact 183
5.1.6 Social Environmental Impact Analysis 186
5.2 Environmental Impact Analysis of Operation Period 188
5.2.1 Reclaimed Water Supply Works 188
5.2.2 Wastewater treatment and recycling engineering in Processing Park 200
5.2.3 Wuliangsuhai Lake Lake Administration Project 208
5.2.4 Analysis on the impacts after implementation of Project 219
5.3 Mitigation Measures 235
5.3.1 Mitigation Measures in Construction Period 235
5.3.2 Mitigation Measures in Operation Stage 241
6. Environmental Risk Analysis and Relief Measures 250
6.1 Environmental Risk Analysis and Relief Measures of Reclaimed Water Supply Works 250
6.1.1 Environmental Risk Analysis of Reclaimed Water Supply Works 250
6.1.2 Environmental Risk Relief Measures of Reclaimed Water Supply Works 250
6.2 Environmental Risk Analysis and Relief Measures of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Works 251
6.2.1 Potential Environmental Risk and Accident 251
6.2.2 Prevention Countermeasure and Measures of Risk and Accident 252
6.3 Artificial Wetland Works of Wuliangsuhai Lake 257
6.3.1 Analysis of Wetland Operation in Winter 257
6.3.2 Inlet Water Quantity of Wetland in Winter and Water Quality Analysis 259
6.3.3 Accident analysis on Abnormal Operation 261
7 Comparison, selection and analysis of alternatives 264
7.1 Content and principle of comparison, selection and analysis 264
7.2 Comparison, selection and analysis on zero plan 264
7.3 Comparison, selection and analysis on alternatives of reclaimed water supply project 265
7.3.1Comparison, selection and analysis on restoration process of reclaimed water supply project 265
7.3.2 Comparison, selection and analysis on process plans of reclaimed water supply project 268
7.3.3 Selection of sterilization mode 269
7.3.4 Comparison and selection on sludge treatment plans of reclaimed water supply works 270
7.3.5 Comparison and selection of pipe material 273
7.3.6 Comparison, selection and analysis on plant site plan of reclaimed water supply plant 275
7.4 Comparison, selection and analysis on alternatives of wastewater treatment and reuse item 278
7.4.1Comparison and selection on wastewater treatment process plan 278
7.4.2 Comparison and selection on sludge treatment processes 284
7.5 Comparison, selection and analysis on alternatives of treatment works of Wuliansu Lake 285
7.5.1 Comparison, selection and analysis on constructed wetland 285
7.5.2 Comparison and selection on execution plans of grid water channel 299
8. Analysis on Environmental and Economic Loss and Profit 309
8.1 Project Development Target and Impact Analysis 309
8.2 Economic Benefits 309
8.3 Social Benefits 310
8.4 Environmental Benefits 311
8.4.1 Improving Hydraulic Conditions of Sea Area 311
8.4.2 Reduction of Pollutants 311
8.4.3 Improving Water Quality of Sea Area of Wuliangsuhai Lake 312
9. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 312
9.1 Public Consultation 312
9.1.1 Goal of Public Consultation 312
9.1.2 Mode of Public consultation 312
9.1.3 The First Public consultation 313
9.1.4 The Second Public consultation 320
9.1.5 Public consultation Summary and Public Opinion Adoption 321
9.2 Disclosure of information 323
9.2.1 Time and Details of the First Media Annoucement 324
9.2.2 Time and Details of the Second Round of Information Disclosure 324
9.2.3 Summany 325
10. Social Impact and Migrant Resettlement 326
10.1 Social Impact Analysis 326
10.1.1 Project Impact and Service Scope 326
10.1.2 Project Impact Analysis 326
10.1.3 Determination of project affected area 330
10.1.4 Impact indicator of Project 332
10.1.5 Analysis on impact by land expropriation 337
10.2 Migration and resettlement plans 339
10.2.1 Policy basis 339
10.2.2 Resettlement policies applicable to this Project 339
10.2.3 Compensation standard 340
10.2.4 Resettlement and compensation plans 342
10.2.5 Estimate of compensations for land expropriation and house removal 346
10.2.6 Implementation plans of resettlement works 346
10.2.7 Organization and structure 349
11 Abstracts of Environmental Management Plan 352
11.1 Environmental Management System 352
11.1.1 Organization of Environmental Protection in Construction Period 359
11.1.2 Environmental Management Organ in Operation Period 361
11.1.3 Schedule of Environmental Management Institutions for Sub-projects 361
11.2 Implementation of Environmental Management Plan 363
11.2.1 Detailed Tasks of Environmental Management Plan 363
11.2.2 Contractual Requirement on Environmental Management 365
11.2.3 Information Exchange and Solution to Non-conformity Case 365
11.2.4 Training—Necessary Capability Development and Means Development 366
11.3 Environment Monitoring Plan 369
11.3.1 Monitoring Purpose 369
11.3.2 Environment Monitoring Organ 369
11.3.3 Environment Monitoring Plan 371
11.4 Estimates on Environmental Management Expenses and Source of Capital 377
11.4.1 Budget Distribution 377
11.4.2 Capital Source and EMP Budget 377
11.5 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan 380
11.5.1 Information Exchange 380
11.5.2 Recording Mechanism 380
11.5.3 Report Mechanism 380
12 Conclusion of Environmental Appraisal 382
12.1 Relevant Policies and Conformity with the Planning 382
12.2 Analysis on Water Resources Balance 382
12.3 Appraisal Result of Present Environment Quality 383
12.3.1 Present Situation of Air Environment Quality 383
12.3.2 Present Situation of Quality of Surface Water Environment 383
12.3.3 Present Situation of Quality of Ground Water Environment 383
12.3.4 Present Situation of Quality of Acoustic Environment 383
12.3.5 Monitoring results for sediment 384
12.3.6 Present Situation of Ecological Environment 384
12.4 Appraisal Result of Environmental Impact 384
12.4.1 Environmental Impact in Construction Period 384
12.4.2 Environmental Impact in Operation Period 386
12.5 Relief Measures of Environmental Impact 387
12.6 Conclusion of Analysis on Environmental Benefits 387
12.7 Conclusion of Public consultation 388
12.8 General Conclusion 388
Attachment 1 Advertisement for EIA Report Disclosure 389
Attachment 2Certificate Letter from Bayannaoer Library on EIA Report Disclosure 390
1 General Introduction
1.1 Project Background
1.1.1 Need of the Project
Bayannaoer City is located in the west of North China's frontier province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，within the range between 105°12′~109°53′E and 40°13′~42°28′N. It is bordered by Baotou City and Ulanqab City to the east, by Alashan League to the west and by the Ikchor with the Yellow River and by the People's Republic of Mongolia with a national boundary of 368.89km long. The Bayannaoer city, 378km long from east to west and 238km wide from north to south, covers an area of 65,788km2. Its administrative divisions include 4 banners, 2 counties and 1 district such as Wulate Front Banner, Wulate Middle Banner, Wulate Back Banner, Hangjinhouqi County, Wuyuan County and Dengkou County. Its core area is the Hetao Irrigation District. Approved by the State Council at the end of 2000, the city was raised to a prefecture-level city.
According to the strategies for economic development of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Bayannaoer City, the economic development will be based on the establishment of industrial parks to make the best use of the abundant mineral resources in the city and Mongolia. Such projects have been planned to establish Qingshan Industrial Park, Jinquan Industrial Park, Shahai Industrial Park, Linhe Chemical Industrial Park and Wulate Industrial Base. Thus Bayannaoer will be a key heavy chemical industry base in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The total industrial water demand for its perspective long-term plan will reach about 520,000,000m3/a. The water demand for long-term plan of such industrial parks in the area along the mountains where water shortage is very acute is about 410,000,000 m3. According to the estimates of Water Resource Comprehensive Planning Report of Bayannaoer of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the gross amount of water resources at the southern foot of Yishan Moutain in Yellow River Basin within Bayannaoer city is 587,000,000m3, where ground water resource, totaling 380,000,000m3, mainly serve as domestic water for urban and rural residents. In line with the state’s relevant industrial policies, industrial water is mainly subject to reclaimedwater.
With 293km2 water surface and about 330,000,000m3 total storage capacity, Wuliangsuhai Lake is the largest riverside freshwater lake on the middle - upper stream of the Yellow River. With the development of industrial production and increase in town populations in the irrigation district, industrial wastewater and municipal domestic wastewater are increasing year by year, the pollution of main drainage canal is getting worse. Eutrophication in Wuliangsuhai Lake in particular is getting worse. Accordingly, total phosphorus and nitrogen and COD in the lake exceed 3~5 times the national category-3 standard for surface water quality. The water quality is worse than Grade V. The biological sedimentation speed in the lake is accelerating, leading to the degradation of its ecological functions. Moreover, before the flood period each year, to reserve enough flood storage capacity, it is necessary to take off the check gate at the exit section of main drain to discharge the water to the Yellow River. As such, the large amounts of wastewater storaed in the lake may offer threat of serious pollution to the Yellow River.
To further promote comprehensive improvement of water environment in Bayannaoer city, exert more efforts to strengthen infrastructure service, reduce pollution load into Wuliangsuhai Lake, slow down environmental degradation, improve the quality of urban water environment and further advance urbanization process and economic growth, Bayannaoer municipal Party Committee and municipal government decided to cooperate with the Word Bank so as to make use of World Bank loans to implement the Bayannaoer Water Reclamation and Environemnt Improvement Project (hereafter refer to “the Project”).. With extensive preliminary investigation and elaborate preparations, Bayannaoer submitted a formal application to the State Development and Reform Commission in August 2006 for World Bank load of 150,000,000 dollars (totaling about 2.125 billion RMB with counterpart funds) to implement the Bayannaoer Water Reclamation and Environemnt Improvement Project (hereinafter called The Project). This application was approved in July, 2009 and was listed in the China Alternative Project Planning in 2010-2012 Fiscal Year by Use of World Bank Loan.
1.1.2 Project Objectives
The Project is intended to improve the quality of water environment in Bayannaoer city, make reasonable regulation and storage of water resources and promote the sustainable development of eco-environment and economy through the Project.
1.1.3 Relevant Policies and Regulations
← Chinese Relevant Policies and Regulations
The reclaimed water supply and wastewater treatment and reuse works are classified into the comprehensive utilization and treatment works for “brackish water, poor quality water and sea water exploitation and utilization works” and “three wastes” that are encouraged by guidance of national industrial restructuring (2005 edition).. Wuliangsuhai lake is an important natural reserve of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. According to the Regulations on the Nature Protection Regions of the People’s Republic of China, core area is prohibited from entrance and any types of development, the buffer zone of the natural reserve is not allowed for development of production works. However, This project is of water environment treatment works aiming at improving the water environment quality and ecological conditions of Wuliangsuhai lake, protecting and restoring its wetland functions. The project will avoid constructing in core area but in buffer zone and experimental area. According to the Circular of the of the General Office of the State Council on Intensifying Wetland Protection and Management (GBF [2004] No.50), importance shall be attached to the strengthening of wetland protection and restoring of function. Therefore, the Wuliangsuhai lake treatment Works is in accordance with the national relevant laws and regulations. To sum up, this project meets the requirements of national relevant industrial policies, laws and regulations.
← World Bank Safeguard Policies
The implementation of wastewater treatment and reuse and reclaimed water supply works, especially the Wuliangsuhai lake works will reduce the pollutantion loads into the Wuliangsuhai lake, so as to improve its water environment quality, improve and protect its aquatic environment and restore its nature reserve function. According to the World Bank Safeguard Policies (OP 4.01, 4.04), the World Bank encourages the restoration and protection of natural habitat and its functions. The World Bank has been supporting and expecting the borrower to adopt defensive measures on natural resource management to ensure the sustainable development of environment. It has also initiated and supported the protection and land-improvement activities for natural habitat and provided funds for the natural habitat and ecological function protection programs which are favorable to the national and local development. The World Bank has also further initiated the restoring and reconstruction works on the deteriorative natural habitat. Therefore, this project meets the environmental assessment policies of World Bank for loaning program.
1.1.4 Relevant Planning of Environmental Protection Strategies
1) National Economic Development Program
During the “11th Five-Year” period, the overall requirements of Bayannaoer for economic and social development are to take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of “Three Represents" as guidance, lead economic and social development by scientific concept of development. make further reform and deepen opening-up policies, make further implementation of rejuvenating and prospering the market by science, technology and talents, accelerate economical transition, adjust economic structure, change economic growth methods, speed up industrialization and urbanization process, promote the construction of socialism new rural and pastoral areas, increase infrastructure and ecological environment construction, establish Chinese western green agricultural and animal products and non-ferrous metals industry production and opening-up to the North bases, establish important hinges linking North China and North west, insist on people-oriented, make overall development of social undertakings, improve community services, better social security and assistance mechanism, make all efforts to maintain social stability, accelerate the overall construction of affluent society and try hard to build a prosperous, civilized, ecological and harmonious Bayannaoer.
The macroeconomic development strategy of Bayannaoer is to achieve the ecological environment protection and sustainable development. The strategy is centered on the green agriculture and animal husbandry that will be enhanced by deep processing of agricultural and animal products. The new type industrialization of mining and smelting industries will be established.
During the “11th Five-Year” period, one of the main objective of economic and social development of Bayannaoer is to make achievements in environmental protection and construction, including the further improved ecological environment, above 15% forest coverage rate, Class Ⅰ country level of atmospheric environment, qualified water environment, 90% qualified discharge standard of “Three Waste” and 40% comprehensive utilization rate.
The Plan has put forward an objective to build a resource-saving and environmental-friendly society by integrating water resources, making unified planning of Yellow River, surface water, underground water and rain water and trying hard to realize the cyclic utilization of water resources. It has also request the whole city to center on water resources optimal allocation, insist on broadening sources of incoming and reducing expenditure on reasonable utilization of water resources, deepen water right displacement, positively explore the water consumption modes of along-mountain industrial enterprise from Wuliangsuhai lake and main Drainage Canal, promote water saving in cities, make full use of the treated water and Yellow River ice flood and flood diversion water, make reasonable use of lake, sea, reservoir and running off water under the premise of un-destroying wetland ecological environment and attach importance to protect industrial water. On the other hand, the city is request to intensity water environment protection and treatment, plan drinking water protection area, strictly implement the water quality control standard for drinking-water source Carry out industrial discharge license system, achieve more than 90% pass rate of industrial waste water, attach importance to treat papermaking, brewing and smelting pollution, consolidating achievements, improve urban wastewater treatment ratio, intensity comprehensive treatment of agricultural area source pollution, reduce application of fertilizer and pesticide, strengthen the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipelines, gradually reach the industrial and domestic wastewater discharge standard, cut off pollution source of Yellow River and underground water, plan Wuliangsuhai lake treatment Works, implement urban roads, pipelines, water supply and discharge, refuse treatment and wastewater treatment programs taking all these as the important programs during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period.
To sum up, the construction of this project is an important part of Bayannaoer Municipal National Economic and Social Development Program, which is of great importance to the realization of planned environmental protection objectives and in accordance with the requirements for development.
2) Urban Master Planning
The general objective and strategy of the Bayannaoer master planning are: to speed up the process of urbanization, to enhance the core competitiveness of the city, to actively support by coordinated action the development strategy fit to the regional situation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to build Bayannaoer City into a medium-sized city with increasingly integrated services, making it a Hetao garden city with continually developing economy, evolving society, and excellent maintaining environment.
The Bayannaoer master planning puts the protection of ecological environment at the first place, basically realizing ecologization and garden style. The green coverage of the city shall get up to more than 35%, and the urban per capita public green space 19m 2. These are the objectives and strategy of the environmental development of Bayannaoer City.
Development and construction activities aiming to non-agricultural nature under city regional planning of the outside of city proper in the Bayannaoer master plan divide the Bayannaoer space into three land use types, namely rigid control developing area, limited control developing area, and developing construction area. Rigid control developing area can be proximately regarded as non-allowable construction area, including: ①First-grade basic farmland protection areas and first-grade basic pasture designated in Overall Plan of Land Utilization; ② existing and planning natural reserves designated in Conservation Development Plan; ③ Water protection area specified in Over City Plan; ④ cultural heritages and historical and cultural sites under government protection, etc. designated by Cultural Relics Protection Department; ⑤ Other non-allowable construction control areas and important green areas for environmental protection, etc. along both sides of the nation highway or provincial highway; Developing construction area is mainly city(town) planning construction land scope confirmed by the general planning of various levels of city(or town), and the scope of use of land in construction like independent industrial and mining sites and major regional infrastructure, public social service facilities approved of the development and construction by the planning, land and other related administrative departments, non-agricultural development and construction activities approved by the law are allowed and encouraged in development construction areas; strictly control areas outside the development areas and the development construction areas as limited control development area, can do moderate village and town constructions and non-agricultural constructions under the control of strict policy and planning. Any non-agricultural development construction activities in limited control development areas are subject to careful legal procedures. The site selections of both resurgent water supply project and wastewater treatment and recycling project of this project are not in strict control development area, and The Wuliangsuhai lake area treatment project is an environment treatment project aiming at improving the sea area water environment, not belongs to production construction development activity.
The water resources planning of Bayannaoer master planning regard adjusting water structure, developing water-saving agriculture, reducing agricultural water use to replenish industrial water use, actively developing wastewater treatment and reclaimed water recycling, relieving and avoiding the vicious cycle of scarcity of clean water as the planning principles. It also levies charge for water resources on agricultural exploitation of groundwater in irrigation areas, and maintains the balance of groundwater resources by the use of price leverage. The layout of industry should consider the actual situation of water resources. Meanwhile, large high-water-consumption industries are not encouraged to develop. Efforts shall be made to increase the recycling rate of industrial water use, so as to realize the harmony and sustainable development of industry and water resource. It puts forward active wastewater treatment and recycles wastewater, aiming to establish wastewater treatment factories in each county and each town and realizing wastewater reuse to replenish industrial water use and landscape water use, so as to release the increasingly tense water use conflict.
The environmental protection objectives of Bayannaoer master planning is to bring the environment pollution and ecological deterioration fully under control, completely realize the discharge standards of pollutants, and enter a virtuous cycles of ecological systems. Thereinto, the atmosphere quality should stay at the national secondary standard. Among the quality of surface water environment, the water quality of the Yellow River and its irrigation channels should reach the National Surface Water Standard Class III, Wuliangsuhai lake, the main drain and arterial drainage should reach National Standard Grade IV, realizing the sustainable development of social economy and ecological environment. Such areas as Yellow River, Wuliangsuhai lake, Ural Mountains National Forest Park, Nudengsuosuolin Natural Reserve, water and soil erosion area, prairie desertification and degradation area, Ulan Buh desertification area and Hetao secondary salinization area, the urban area and all counties shall be regarded as key areas of environment protection. Efforts shall be focused on the pollution prevention and ecological environment protection of the Yellow River and Wuliangsuhai lake. Efforts shall be also made to speed up the construction of waste water treatment factories in each county, controlling industrial pollution sources along the banks and achieving standard discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Pollution shall be controlled in terms of sources. Comprehensive renovation shall be imposed on Wuliangsuhai lake. Great efforts shall be made to plant trees and grass, make a good job in water and soil conservation and restore natural ecology. The regional pollution emission shall be subject to strict control. Long-term effective management measures among industrial enterprises shall be carried out. Water quality of irrigation channels from Yellow River and wastewater discharged into Wuliangsuhai lake shall be under strict control so as to make wastewater treatment rate to reach 100%, ensuring the water quality of Yellow River to reach National Surface Water Standard Class III.
In sum, the sites selection of all works of the comprehensive control project of the Bayannaoer water environment by World Bank loans is in accordance with the requirements of the urban master planning and city regional planning, and it is also an important measure to accomplish city goals, water resource allocation and environment protection goals of Bayannaoer master planning and city regional planning. Therefore, the project accords with the Bayannaoer master planning and the city regional plan.
3) Land Use Planning
The land use type of this project’s reclaimed water supply works and wastewater treatment plant site is waste land, unused land and processing park construction land respectively, none of which is in the strictly controlled development area. Therefore, the works construction of this project meets the land use planning of Bayannaoer.
4) Environmental Protection Planning
Water environment protection objectives of Bayannaoer include: urban drinking water quality shall meet the sanitary standard for drinking water; water quality of the Yellow River Bayannaoer League section: water at the boundary section shall meet the class Ⅲ standard of the national Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality of Wuliangsuhai Lake shall meet the class Ⅲ standard of the national Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality of the main drain and other Drainage Canals shall meet the class Ⅳ standard of the national Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water;
The “11th Five-Year” planning objectives of environmental protection are determined as follows: by 2010, the development trend of environmental pollution and ecological damage shall reduce, urban lake water pollution and atmospheric environment pollution shall be reduced, urban environmental infrastructural construction shall be greatly improved; realize the total amount control objective of pollutants. The total amount control objective of water pollutants shall be as follows: COD shall be controlled within 40,000 t/a and the ammonia nitrogen within 2,000 t/a.
Water pollution control measures to be adopted during the period of “11th Five-Year Plan” are mainly as follows:
← Establish and implement the water pollution control planning on each Drainage Canal, main drain and Wuliangsuhai Lake with the focus on improving the water environmental quality of river reaches in key cities and towns. Slow down lake sedimentation and effectively control pollution and eutrophication trend. Build wastewater treatment plant in 4 cities and towns to improve sewerage treatment rate and attainment rate, gradually realize the reclamation of wastewater and reduce the discharge amount of pollutants and the pollution load of each Drainage Canal and lake.
← Complete pollution monitoring network, pay attention to preventing the pollution damage of accidental toxic and hazardous chemicals. Implement pollutant discharging license and Max. amount control system, increase the monitoring efforts and accelerate the pollution source control. The control attainment rate of enterprises in the city with the daily discharge of wastewater more than 100t shall reach 90%; the city's two major paper mills shall build alkali recovery system and achieve discharge up to standard.
← Establish the groundwater pollution control measures of Linhe District, unified planning, unified management and rational exploitation. Strictly control the pollution of industrial wastewater, toxic and hazardous substances and solid waste on groundwater.
← Combining with industrial enterprise management and technological transformation, develop clean production technology in paper making, brewing, energy, metallurgy, chemical industry and other key industries and gradually realize circular economy. Meanwhile, in the introduction of new projects and new technologies, the energy saving, comprehensive utilization and pollutant discharge reduction shall be brought into business management and technological transformation. Actively carry out the certification of ISO14000 environmental management series standards and environmental labeling products, and improve the environmental management level of enterprises.
In addition, aiming at the water environmental pollution status of Wuliangsuhai Lake, based on the overall control and planning, it is planned to strengthen the control work form the following two aspects:
← Control on farmland diffused source. According to the characteristics of agricultural area pollution in Hetao irrigated areas, propose agricultural area pollution prevention project planning; through the adjusting of agricultural structure, popularize the long-acting and sustained-release compound fertilizers and high-efficiency, low-toxic and less persistent pesticides, promote agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, introduce advanced and scientific technique of fertilization, control agricultural area pollution, effectively control and reduce the eutrophication of Wuliangsuhai Lake.
← Physical works measures: adopt various measures such as the setup of pre-setting reservoir in the front of lake, partial deepening at lake bottom, aquatic plant harvesting, diversion of water from the Yellow River to lake and resources development and utilization, etc. Promote the control of Wuliangsuhai Lake, restore its own beneficial cycle and maintain the sustainable development.
This project is an integral part of the environmental protection planning of Bayannaoer, which can effectively promote the comprehensive control of Bayannaoer water environment, especially the quality improvement of Wuliangsuhai Lake water environment.
1.2 Assessment Purposes
According to the regulations of China Environmental Influence Assessment Law, Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection and Notice on the Strengthening of Administration on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Using Loans from International Financial Organizations and the requirements of World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, as well as domestic and World Bank’s environmental impact assessment procedure, the environmental impact assessment on this project will reach the following main purposes:
← Through data analysis, field survey and monitoring, and necessary modeling and analogy analysis, to make a comprehensive assessment on the background situation of environment in the assessment areas, to determine the main existing environmental problems, provide background information for the prediction and assessment of the degree and range of the environmental impact as well as the future final acceptance of projects.
← Through field survey and analogy analysis, to identify the environmental impact factors during the construction and the operation of projects, to determine the parameters of primary pollution sources.
← Through the adopting of model simulation, analogy survey and other technical means, to predict and assess the impact degree and range of the projects on the ambient air water environment, soil, ecological environment, noise and social environment in the assessment areas.
← In accordance with the requirements of relevant laws, regulations and technical specifications, combining with the characteristics of local natural and social environment, propose and stipulate the protective measures which shall be adopted to reduce environmental impact.
← Through the assessment of this project, to propose specific and effective mitigation measures and environmental management plan, so as to provide basis for the supervision by independent institutions, also to provide scientific basis for the construction, operation, environmental management and environmental pollution prevention of water environment comprehensive control project, minimize the adverse impacts of project construction on surrounding environment, maximize the social environmental benefit, achieve the coordination and unification of economic, social and environmental benefits.
← This environmental impact assessment not only focuses on the analysis of water environment improvement of Wuliangsuhai Lake, but also considers the feasibility analysis on water resources allotment of the project; not only considers the impact of this project, but will consider the combined influence of the projects having been built, under construction and planned to be implemented in the next few years.
1.3 Assessment Grade and Key Points
1.3.1 Assessment Grade
According to the regulations of the Notice on the Strengthening of Administration on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Using Loans from International Financial Organizations (HJ[1993] No. 324) of State Environmental Protection Administration of China and other ministries and commissions as well as the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies OP4.01 Environmental Assessment, , the environmental assessment category of this project is determined as Category A.
The assessment grade is determined according to the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-93, HJ2.2-2008, HJ/T 2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995 and HJ/T19-1997). (Expressed in the form of table)
(1) Surface Water Environment
According to the surface water environmental impact assessment classification of HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment—Surface Water Environment, the assessment grade is determined by the following four factors: wastewater discharge of the construction project, complexity of wastewater quality, scale of surface water area and surface water quality requirements. The surface water environment assessment grades of this project are as follows: because there is no wastewater discharged in the processing park wastewater treatment and reuse works of this project, only a brief analysis will be made on the water environmental impact of such works; the tail water discharge amount of reclaimed water supply works is small, the water quality is simple and the tail water is discharged into the class Ⅳwater body of surface water, the assessment grade is determined as Grade Ⅲ and qualitative assessment will be made on the water environmental impact of such works; the assessment grade of Wuliangsuhai Lake sea area control works is difficult to be directly judged according to the four factors alone. The pollutant source is mainly the pollutants discharge during the construction period. In view of the special properties of Wuliangsuhai Lake, the project scale is large and the involvement aspect is broad. Therefore, the assessment grade is determined as Grade Ⅱ of surface water environmental impact assessment.
(2) Ecology
The reclaimed water supply works and the processing park wastewater treatment and reuse works of this project have very small range of influence, also very small impact on the ecological environment, therefore, only a brief analysis will be made on the ecological environment impact of these two types of works; the sea area control works of Wuliangsuhai Lake is environmental treatment works itself and its environmental impact is mainly the environmental impact during the construction period, which is temporary, short-term and will gradually disappear as the construction is completed. Therefore, the ecological environment assessment grade of this project is determined as Grade Ⅱ.
(3) Ambient Air
The impacts of this project on atmospheric environment mainly include the dust emission during the construction period and the offensive odor during the operation period of the processing park wastewater treatment and reuse works as well as the reclaimed water supply works. This project will adopt biological deodorization after the collection of the offensive odor caused during the operation period, which has small discharge amount; in addition, there are very few environmental objects around each works. Therefore, the atmospheric environment assessment grade of all works of this project is determined as Grade Ⅲ and only qualitative assessment will be made.
(4) Acoustic Environment
The impacts of this project on acoustic environment mainly include the construction machinery and traffic noises during the construction period of each works and the power equipment operating noise during the operation period of the processing park wastewater treatment and reuse works as well as the reclaimed water supply works. Consider that the noise impact during the construction period is short-term behavior, and during the operation period, the site selection of the wastewater treatment and reuse works as well as the reclaimed water supply works avoids the densely populated residential areas, hospitals, schools and other sensitive points. Therefore, the acoustic environment assessment grade of all works of this project is determined as Grade Ⅲ and only qualitative assessment will be made.
1.3.2 Assessment Key Points
The assessment of this project includes the construction period and operation period. The assessment key points of the construction period are as follows:
(1) Wuliangsuhai Lake sediment and ecological environment impact;
(2) Environmental impact and mitigation measures of pollution during the construction period.
The assessment key points of the operation period are as follows:
(1) The quality improvement of Wuliangsuhai Lake water environment after the project is put into operation and the accumulative impacts of effluent discharge into Wuliangsuhai Lake. This part includes 3 main aspects:
← Accumulative impacts on Wuliangsuhai Lake water quality after completion of the project;
← Impacts on the growing and reproduction condition changes of terrestrial life and aquatic life and the impacts on aquatic resources, breeding and fishery production before and after completion of the project;
← Impacts of single subproject on Wuliangsuhai Lake water quality during the operation.
(2) Environmental impact mitigation measures and environmental management plan during the operation period of the project.
(3) The impacts and mitigation measures of sludge in the processing park wastewater treatment and reuse works, reclaimed water supply works and the dredged sediment in grid waterway.
1.4 Scope and Timing of Assessment and Environmental Protection Objects
1.4.1 Scope of Evaluation
The scope of overall environmental Assessment of this project is:
← Under the requirements of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment, and on the basis of formulated evaluation grades, the scope of Assessment of each subproject shall be regarded as the basic scope of assessment of the overall environmental assessment of this project;
← If there are environmental protection objectes, they should be included in the scope of assessment;
← Elements and issues having direct relevance with or potential influence on this project should be included in the scope of assessment as well;
← Other associated similar projects (relating works) over the same period or regions possibly having an impact should be considered in the scope of assessment.
The scope of Environmental Assessment of all classes of subprojects can be seen in Table 1.4-1 and Figure1-1-Figure1-6.
Table 1.4-1 Scope of Environmental Assessment of Subprojects
|Number |Project Category |Works Name |Scope of Assessment |
| | | |Atmosphere |Water Environment |Acoustic |Ecological Environment |
| | | | | |Environment | |
|1 |Reclaimed water |Reclaimed Water-supply |100m around the |3km off the upstream |200m around the |100m around the construction|
| |supply |Works in Wulate Back |construction site; |and downstream of the|site; |site; |
| | |Banner processing Park |200m on both sides |main drain water |200m on both sides |20m on both sides of the |
| | | |of the |intake |of the |construction pipelines |
| | | |construction | |construction | |
| | | |pipelines; 2.5km | |pipelines | |
| | | |around the | | | |
| | | |operation site | | | |
| | |Reclaimed Water-supply |100m around the |3km off the upstream | |200m around the construction|
| | |Works in Ganqimaodu |construction site; |and downstream of the|200m around the |site; |
| | |Port Processing Park |300m on both sides |main drain water |site; |20m on both sides of the |
| | | |of the |intake and the |300m on both sides |construction pipelines |
| | | |construction |tail water discharge |of the | |
| | | |pipelines; 2.5km |outlet |construction | |
| | | |around the | |pipelines | |
| | | |operation site | | | |
| | |Reclaimed Water supply |100m around the |3km off the upstream |200m around the |200m around the construction|
| | |wWorks on Third |construction site; |and downstream of the|site; |site; |
| | |Drainage |300m on both sides |tri-drainage water |300m on both sides |20m on both sides of the |
| | |Canal |of the |intake and the |of the |construction pipelines |
| | | |construction |tail water discharge |construction | |
| | | |pipelines; 2.5km |outlet |pipelines | |
| | | |around the | | | |
| | | |operation site | | | |
| | |Reclaimed water supply |100m around the |3km off the upstream |200m around the |200m around the construction|
| | |works in Seventh |construction site; |and downstream of the|site; |site; |
| | |Drainage Canal |300m on both sides |hept-drainage water |300m on both sides |20m on both sides of the |
| | | |of the |intake and the |of the |construction pipelines |
| | | |construction |tail water discharge |construction | |
| | | |pipelines; 2.5km |outlet |pipelines | |
| | | |around the | | | |
| | | |operation site | | | |
|2 |Processing Park |Wastewater treatment |100m around the |- |200m |100m around the site |
| |wastewater |and reuse works in |construction site; | |200m around the | |
| |treatment and reuse|Wulate Back Banner |2.5km around the | |site | |
| |works |Processing Park (Huhe |operation site. | | | |
| | |Town) | | | | |
| | | Wastewater treatment |100m around the |- |200m around the |100m around the site |
| | |and reuse works in |construction site; | |site | |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port |2.5km around the | | | |
| | |Processing Park (Deling|operation site. | | | |
| | |Mount Town) | | | | |
| | |Wastewater treatment |100m around the |- |200m around the |100m around the site |
| | |and reuse works in |construction site; | |site | |
| | |Wulate Front Banner |2.5km around the | | | |
| | |Processing Park |operation site | | | |
| | |(Xianfeng Town) | | | | |
|3 |Wuliangsuhai Lake |Grid waterway | |Wuliangsuhai Lake |200m around the | |
| |sea area |Works in Wuliangsuhai |200m around the |Sea area |construction site |Wuliangsuhai Lake |
| |treatment works |Lake |construction site; | | |area and 1km around the sea |
| | | |Sediment pile site | | |area |
| | | |500m | | | |
| | |artificial wetlands |200m around the |Wuliangsuhai Lake |200m around the |Wuliangsuhai Lake |
| | |works in |construction site |area; ground water |construction site |area and 1km around the sea |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | |evaluation scope is | |area |
| | | | |500m around the | | |
| | | | |artificial wetlands | | |
1.4.2 Time Interval of Environmental Assessment
The consolidated EA report of this project mainly analyses and evaluates the periods of construction and operation.
1.4.3 Environmental Protection Objects
According to the regulations of domestic laws and regulations on environmental influence assessment and general security policy, the environmental protection objects concerned by this project EA can be seen in Table 1.4-2 and Figure 1-1-Figure 1-6
Table 1.4-2 Environmental Protection Objectives of Subprojects
|Works Name |Environmental |Environmental protection |Location |Resident |Protection Requirements |
| |Elements |Objective | |Population | |
|wastewater treatment |Ambient air, |Menglain Society 1 |SE，1.92km |260 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|project in Wulate |acoustic environment| | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|Back Banner | | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
|Processing Park (Huhe| | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
|Town) and Reclaimed | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
|water supply works in| | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
|Wulate Back Banner | | | | | |
|Processing Park | | | | | |
| | |Menglian Society 2 |S，1.82km |450 | |
| | |Menglian Society 3 |S，1.83km |270 | |
| | |Menglian Society 4 |S，2.48km |200 | |
| | |Livestock Society |SE，1.77km |140 | |
| | |Menglian Village |S，2.81km |300 | |
| | |Zhangdagebo |NE，1.60km |400 | |
| | |Xinhong Village 1 |NE，3.75km |210 | |
| |Surface water |Main drain |S，2.9km |—— |IV Class standard in Surface water quality |
| | | | | |standards（GB/T3838-2002） |
| |Ecology |200m Expansion off the |Extent 5.47ha |—— |Bring water and soil loss under control, |
| | |factory | | |not influence the ecology significantly |
|Reclaimed water |Ambient air, |Dashuncheng |E，0.71km |210 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|supply works in Third|acoustical |Group 4 | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|Drainage Canal |environment | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
| | | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
| | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
| | | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
| | |Shawan Village |SW，0.5km |50 | |
| | |Cultivation Society | | | |
| | |Zhangtiancaigedan |NW，0.69km |260 | |
| |Surface water |Tri-drainage |E，0.1km |—— |IV Class standard in Surface water quality |
| | |channel | | |standards（GB/T3838-2002） |
| |Ecology |200m expansion off the |Extent 3.52ha |—— |Bring water and soil loss under control, |
| | |factory | | |not influence the ecology significantly |
|Reclaimed water |Ambient air, |Five Star Team 1 |N，2.33km |1400 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|supply works in |acoustic environment| | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|Seventh Drainage | | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
|Canal | | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
| | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
| | | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
| | |Old City Society 1 |E，1.66km |500 | |
| | |Querhong Gedan |WN，1.68km |520 | |
| | |Weijia Gedan |W，1.79km |490 | |
| | |Liuwen Gedan |SE，1.24km |500 | |
| | |Wuyuan County brick yard |W，0.15km |60 | |
| | |Hept-drainage |S，0.1km |50 | |
| | |Wastewater Treatment | | | |
| | |Factory | | | |
| | |Hongzhu Environmental |SW，0.5km |1000 | |
| | |Protection | | | |
| | |Thermoelectricity CO., | | | |
| | |Ltd. | | | |
| |Surface water |Hept-drainage |E，0.1km |—— |IV Class standard in Surface water quality |
| | |channel | | |standards（GB/T3838-2002） |
| |Ecology |200m expansion off the | |—— |Bring water and soil loss under control, |
| | |factory |Extent 3.52ha | |not influence the ecology significantly |
|Reclaimed water |Ambient air, |Muyanghai Farm Company 6 |SE，0.79km |270 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|supply works in |acoustical | | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|Ganqimaodu Port |environment | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
|Processing Park | | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
| | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
| | | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
| | |Fodder Team |NE，0.81 km |315 | |
| | |Tractor Plowing Team |NE，1.39 km |280 | |
| | |Eryang Gedan |SW，2.35 km |340 | |
| |Surface water |Wangbahaizi |N，2.44km |—— |III Class standard in Surface water quality|
| | | | | |standards（GB/T3838-2002） |
| | |Main drain |S，1.68km |—— |IV Class standard in Surface water quality |
| | | | | |standards（GB/T3838-2002） |
| |Ecology |200m expansion off the |3.05ha |—— |Bring water and soil loss under control, |
| | |factory |Extent 3.05ha | |not influence the ecology significantly |
|wastewater |Ambient air, |East Siyitang |SW，1.90km |310 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|treatment and reuse |acoustical | | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|works in Ganqimaodu |environment | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
|Port Processing Park | | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
|(Deling Mount | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
|Village) | | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
| | |West Siyitang |SW，3.11km |350 | |
| | | |NE，1.58km |200 | |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port | | | |
| | |Processing Park | | | |
| |Ecology |200m expansion off the |Extent 2.55ha |—— |Bring water and soil loss under control, |
| | |factory | | |not influence the ecology significantly |
|wastewater treatment |Ambient air, |Shagedan Village |S，0.33km |53 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|and reuse works in |acoustical | | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|Wulate Front Banner |environment | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
|Processing Park | | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
|(Xianfeng Town) | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
| | | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
| | |Zhaoxiaoer Gedan |SW，0.79km |350 | |
| | |Shijia Gedu |S，1.23km |150 | |
| | |Fujia Gedu |SE，1.38km |510 | |
| | |Anweigedu |SW，1.44km |153 | |
| | |Gejia Gedan |N，1.26km |130 | |
| | |Wangyinwei Gedan |NW,1.35km |130 | |
| |Surface water |Quadri-drainage |S，0.33km |—— |IV Class standard in Surface water quality |
| | |Channel | | |standards（GB/T3838-2002） |
| |Ecology |200m expansion off the |Extent 11.16ha |—— |Bring water and soil loss under control, |
| | |factory | | |not influence the ecology significantly |
|Wuliangsuhai Lake |Ambient air, |Xinmin |SW,1.66 km |300 |Secondary standard in Ambient Air Quality |
|Comprehensive |acoustical | | | |Standard（GB3095-1996）; |
|Treatment works |environment | | | |Maximum allowable concentration standards |
| | | | | |of harmful substances in residential area |
| | | | | |atmosphere in Design of Industrial |
| | | | | |Enterprises hygiene standards(TJ 36-79) |
| | |Xinhai |SW,1.96 km |450 | |
| | |Bailiukou |W，0.70 km |260 | |
| | |Wuhai Village |W，1.95 km |490 | |
| | |Lihonghao |W，0.98 km |330 | |
| | |Wangmanku |W，0.74 km |350 | |
| | |Babei Water Course |W，2.29 km |240 | |
| | |Banjie Channel |W，0.20 km |260 | |
| | |Xiaoquanzi |W，0.40 km |220 | |
| | |Honggebo |W，0.50 km |500 | |
| | |Huanchao Gedan |W，1.56 km |420 | |
| | |Guangyizhan |SW,1.35 km |280 | |
| | |Shilanli Village |NW,2.89 km |480 | |
| | |Zhaogetai Village |SW，2.38 km |270 | |
| | |Erfen Channel |W，1.28 km |200 | |
| | |Xinjian Village |NW,1.92 km |290 | |
| | |Wayaotan |N，1.45 km |1050 | |
| | |Diangedan |E，1.88 km |300 | |
| | |Mabozi |SE，2.35 km |220 | |
| | |Bawan |SE，1.48 km |400 | |
| | |Batou |SE，0.70 km |300 | |
| | |Xin’an Farm Banch 9 |W，0.2 km |210 | |
| | |Cachu Gedan |W，1.96 km |260 | |
| | |Xin’an Farm Branch 8 |W，0.7 km |200 | |
| | |Xin’an Farm Branch 7 |W，0.5 km |320 | |
| | |Yongfeng Village |NW，0.5 km |400 | |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake core |E，0.2km |—— | |
| | |area | | | |
| |Surface water |Wuliangsuhai Lake |Extent 293.2km2 |—— |III Class standard in Surface water quality|
| | | | | |standards |
| | | | | |（GB/T3838-2002） |
| |Ground water |Wuliangsuhai Lake |500m outside |—— |III Class standard in Groundwater Quality |
| | |artificial wetland |project | |Standard（GB/T 14848-93） |
| |Ecology |200m off Wuliangsuhai |Extent 293.2 km2 |—— |Project construction does not affect |
| | |Lake area | | |animals and plants in conservation |
| | | | | |districts |
1.5 Applicable Standards
The applicable standards in this EA are carefully compared with that provided in the World Bank EHSG, and it is found that these standards are well consistent.
1.5.1 Environmental Quality Standards
(1）Ambient air
On the basis of the approval letter on environmental assessment implement standard of Bayannaoer Environmental Protection Bureau, the zones where the wastewater treatment and reuse engineerings as well as reclaimed water supply engineering are carried out in the Processing Industrial Park, shall all be the Class II environmental air quality functional zones, in which the Ambient Air Quality Standard ( GB3095-1996) and the secondary standard in modification notice shall be implemented for the environmental air assessment; the Wuliangsuhai Zone shall be the Class I environmental air quality functional zone, in which the Ambient Air Quality Standard ( GB3095-1996) and the primary standard in modification notice shall be implemented for the ambient air assessment; the maximum allowable concentration standard of harmful substances in the atmosphere of residential zone of Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises (GB3095-1996) shall be carried out for H2S and NH3; for standard values, see Table 1.5-1.
Table 1.5-1 Ambient air quality standards (mg/m3)
|Name of pollutants |Value time |Concentration limit GB3095-1996 |EHS Guideline |
| | |Primary standard|Secondary standard | |
|SO2 |Average value for one hour |0.15 |0.50 |24- hour 0.125 |
| |Daily average value |0.05 |0.15 | |
| |Annual average value |0.02 |0.06 | |
|TSP |Daily average value |0.12 |0.30 |None |
| |Annual average value |0.08 |0.20 | |
|PM10 |Daily average value |0.05 |0.15 |24- hour 0.15 |
| |Annual average value |0.04 |0.10 | |
|NO2 |Average value for one hour |0.12 |0.24 |1-year 0.04 |
| |Daily average value |0.08 |0.12 | |
| |Annual average value |0.04 |0.08 | |
|H2S |Once |0.01 | |
|NH3 |once |0.20 | |
Note: TJ 36-79: the maximum allowable concentration standard of harmful substances in the atmosphere of residential zones
（2）Environment of groundwater
The class III standards of Groundwater Quality Standards (GB/T14848-93) shall be implemented for the groundwater quality, see Table 1.5-2.
Table 1.5-2 Environmental Quality Standards for Groundwater
|No. |Name of projects |Unit |Standard values |Remarks |
|1 |pH |—— |6.5~8.5 |GB/T 14848-93 |
| | | | |Class III standards |
|2 |Total hardness |mg/l |≤450 | |
|3 |Nitrates |mg/l |≤20 | |
|4 |Nitrites |mg/l |≤0.02 | |
|5 |Ammonia nitrogen |mg/l |≤0.2 | |
|6 |Potassium permanganate |mg/l |≤3.0 | |
| |index | | | |
|7 |Prussiates |mg/l |≤0.05 | |
|8 |Fluoride |mg/l |≤1.0 | |
|9 |Cr6+ |mg/l |≤0.05 | |
|10 |Volatile phenols |mg/l |≤0.002 | |
|11 |Cu |mg/l |≤1.0 | |
|12 |Zn |mg/l |≤1.0 | |
|13 |Fe |mg/l |≤0.3 | |
|14 |Chlorides |mg/l |≤250 | |
|17 |Hg |mg/l |≤0.01 | |
|18 |Mineralization |mg/l |≤1000 | |
|19 |Total number of bacteria |个/L |≤100 | |
|20 |Total coliforms |个/L |≤3.0 | |
（3）Environmental quality standards for surface water
The Chinese Regulation for surface water functionzoning has provided the 5 classification as follows:
Surface Water Quality Classification
|Cat. |Description |Key parameters |
| | |(mg/l, except pH) |
| | |COD |NH3-N |pH |
|I |Applicable to sources of water bodies and national nature reserves |40 |
|Aerobic digestion |Degradation ratio of organic substance（％） |>40 |
|Aerobic compost |Rate of water content（％） |50 |
| |Death rate of worm eggs（％） |>95 |
| |Bacteria value of fecal coliforms |>0.01 |
Table 1.5-11 Control limits for pollutants in sludges for agricultural application
|No. |Control projects |Maximum permissible content（mg/kg dried sludge） |
| | |On acid soils（pH=6.5) |
|1 |Total cadmium |5 |20 |
|2 |Total mercury |5 |15 |
|3 |Total lead |300 |1000 |
|4 |Total chromium |600 |1000 |
|5 |Total arsenic |75 |75 |
|6 |Total nickel |100 |200 |
|7 |Total zinc |2000 |3000 |
|8 |Total copper |800 |1500 |
|9 |Boron |150 |150 |
|10 |Oils |3000 |3000 |
|11 |Benzo (a) pyrene |3 |3 |
|12 |Polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins / polychlorinated |100 |100 |
| |dibenzofurans (PCDD / PCDF unit: ng toxicity units / kg dried| | |
| |sludge) | | |
|13 |Adsorbable organic halogen compound (AOX) (in terms of Cl) |500 |500 |
|14 |Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) |0.2 |0.2 |
Table 1.5-12 Identification standards for leaching toxicity
|No. |Projects |Maximum allowable concentration of leaching liquor，mg/l |
|1 |Mercury and its compounds (in term of total mercury) |0.05 |
|2 |Lead (in term of total lead) |3 |
|3 |Cadmium (in term of total cadmium) |0.3 |
|4 |Total chromium |10 |
|5 |Hexavalent chromium |1.5 |
|6 |Copper and its compounds (in term of total copper) |50 |
|7 |Zinc and its compounds (in term of total zinc) |50 |
|8 |Beryllium and its compounds (in term of total beryllium) |0.1 |
|9 |Barium and its compounds (in term of total barium) |100 |
|10 |Nickel and its compounds (in term of total nickel) |10 |
|11 |Arsenic and its compounds (in term of total arsenic) |1.5 |
|12 |Inorganic fluoride (excluding calcium fluoride) |50 |
|13 |Cyanide (in term of CN) |1.0 |
（5）Sanitation protection distance
According to the requirements of Construction Standards for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Engineering Projects of the Ministry of Construction, the treatment & production facilities of wastewater & sludge resulting in odor shall be located in the downwind direction in summer in the auxiliary production areas of wastewater treatment plant, far from residential zones outside the plant as much as possible, and in accordance with relevant national regulations. If not meet the requirements, the distance of odor arising from production facilities between the wastewater treatment plant and residential zones outside the plant should not be less than 50 ~ 100 meters.
1.6 Environmental Impact Factors
1.6.1 Identification of Environmental impact Factors
The implementation of this project will help to reduce the pollution load of Wuliangsuhai as well as improve its water environment, which is important not only for the promotion of comprehensive and sustainable development of Bayannaoer's environment and social economy, but also for the protection of water ecological environment security of the Yellow River. At the same time, during the construction and operation, the implementation of this project may also have some adverse environmental impacts on the social environment, ecological environment and environmental quality. On the design stage, the site selection, selection and comparison of technical schemes, feasibility studies and other works shall be carried out mainly, which won't directly have some adverse impacts on the environment in general.
The impacts during the construction and operation mainly include:
← Social and environmental impacts: The implementation of this project will inevitably bring the socio-economic impacts on the project area, mainly including the impacts of land acquisition and demolition. This project will involve four administrative villages of four towns (streets) of five banners (counties) of Bayannaoer, a state-owned farm as well as a state-owned pasture, in which 22 rural residents of 5 families will be affected by land acquisition, who are the affected population not dismantled arising from land acquisition. This project does not involve the houses to be dismantled, with the collection and temporary acquisition of various land of 3597.25 mu, including 758.00 mu of collecting land, 2839.25 mu of temporary land and150 scattered fruit trees, in which the land with an area of about 50.5ha will be occupied for the project construction, and then about 22 people will be affected by the project construction.
The issues of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement caused by this would affect the daily lives of local residents, resulting in changing their possession quantity of means of production and subsistence; the construction for roads and wastewater pipe networks would also affect the travel and security of residents along the line, as well as traffic conditions, etc..
← Impacts on ecological environment:As for the occupation of land for project construction, the local total arable land and vegetation quantity will be reduced, changing the nature of land use, causing the impact on the local agricultural ecology; destroying the vegetation on the project proposed site during the construction; easily resulting in the soil erosion due to inadequate protection on the high filled and deep excavated sections, earthwork filled and excavated sections as well as temporary piling sections, etc.; impacting on the Wuliangsuhai aquatic life due to the release of pollutants from bottom sludge during the construction for grid channel excavation engineering in Wuliangsuhai Sea Area.
← Impacts on environmental quality:
During construction: The nearby water bodies may be polluted by the running, spilling, dripping and leaking grease/oil stains from construction machinery as well as domestic wastewater caused by construction workers, and the release of pollutants from bottom sludge during the construction for grid channel excavation engineering in Wuliangsuhai Sea Area will impact on the water quality of Wuliangsuhai; the ambient air will be polluted by a great amount of dust generated in the material transport and mixing processes; the mechanical noise will also impact on the normal work and living of residents nearby construction site; the running frequently construction vehicles will impact on the existing traffic order.
During operation: To some extent, the surrounding environment will be polluted as well due to the odor waste gas giving out during the wastewater treatment and reuse engineerings as well as the tail water discharged during the reclaimed water supply engineering in the Processing Industrial Park; for the drainage during the wetland engineering in artificial filter areas,due to the reduction of quantity of pollutants discharged into Wuliangsuhai, the water environmental quality of Wuliangsuhai will be significantly improved. Since the local engineering needs to be consolidated and maintained and the vegetation still needs some time to be recovered, the phenomenon of soil erosion will still exist for a period of time after the construction period.
In summary, the main existing impact factors of this project during construction and operation include:
← Social environment: Land occupation, demolition, relocation and resettlement, road traffic as well as urban appearance and landscape, etc.;
← Ecological environment: Changing the impacts on the water ecological environment due to the land use condition, vegetation destruction, soil erosion and grid channel excavation, etc.;
← Water environment: The the release of pollutants from bottom sludge for grid excavation, domestic wastewater and road runoff during construction; the production wastewater and living wastewater during operation, etc.;
← Noise environment: The traffic noise and machinery noise, etc.;
← Ambient air: Dust and exhaust pollutants arising from transport vehicles as well as odor produced by piling up and transporting the bottom sludge for grid excavation during construction; the foul gas generated from the wastewater treatment and reuse engineerings in the Processing Industrial Park during operation, etc..
1.6.2 Selection of Environmental Impact and Assessment Factors
Based on the above analysis, the engineering category and characteristics of this project, the environmental impact matrix has been established, see Table 1.6-1.
Table 1.6-1 Environmental impact matrix
|Construction |Building activities |Impact factors |
|phase | | |
| | |Natural environment |Ecological environment |Social environment |
| | |Atmospheric environment |Water environment |Noise environment |
| | | | |Reclaimed water |Wastewater treatment and|Comprehensive treatment |
| | | | |supply engineerings |reuse engineerings in |in Wuliangsuhai Sea Area |
| | | | | |the Processing | |
| | | | | |Industrial Park | |
|1、Environmental issues related to project location (site selection) |
|Impacts on production systems|Loss of production capacity |Occupied area |Changing the location of project | |√ | |
|(such as agriculture) | |type of production/income of unit|(relocation) | | | |
| | |ha |compensation measures | | | |
|Impacts on traffic |Changing the roads in fields or |Description of roads (width and |Changing the location of project |√ |√ | |
| |residential zones |length) |rehabilitation or replacement of | | | |
| | |area and service population |traffic | | | |
|Destruction of the existing |Loss of private buildings |Type, quantity, value, |Changing the location of project | | | |
|buildings | |removal population |properly arranging the removal | | | |
| | | |immigrants | | | |
| |Loss of infrastructure |Type, characteristics and |Changing the location of project |√ |√ | |
| | |estimating the value |compensation or substitution | | | |
|Destruction of areas with |Destruction of vegetation |Vegetation area/plant species |Changing the location of project |√ |√ | |
|ecological value | |value (financial and ecological) |restoring the vegetation | | | |
| |Destruction of biological diversity |List of species |Changing the location of project | | |√ |
| | |special areas |reducing the land area | | | |
| |Impacts on protected areas: National |Type and purpose of protection |Changing the location of project | | |√ |
| |parks and natural reserves |total area, area to be affected |reducing the land area | | | |
| |Impacts on the surface water |Hydrological parameters, |Changing the location of project |√ |√ |√ |
| |environment and flood risk |monitoring values of water |changing the location of outfall | | | |
| | |quality | | | | |
|Destruction of drainage |Floods, soil acidification |Main drainage patterns or line of|Changing the location of project |√ | | |
|channels and ditches | |channels and ditches (pipeline) |paying attention to the protection| | | |
| | | |of drainage channels and ditches | | | |
| | | |during construction | | | |
|Artificial infrastructure to |Destruction of landscape and tourism |Destructiveness and area of |Changing the location of project | | |√ |
|be built in outdoor scenic |value |landscape value |carrying out the appropriate | | | |
|areas | | |design to protect the scenic areas| | | |
|2、Environmental issues possibly existing during construction of project |
|Temporary occupied land for |Impacts on land use and production |Occupied area, use, location |Reducing the area of occupied |√ |√ |√ |
|work sheds and storage areas,| | |land, requiring the contractor's | | | |
|etc. | | |obligation | | | |
| | | |monitoring and supervising the | | | |
| | | |construction activities | | | |
|Clearing of vegetation |Destruction of woodland, orchard and |Type / area and economic value of|Clearing ways, monitoring the |√ |√ |√ |
| |farmland |vegetation to be damaged |clearing activities | | | |
| | | |division of area | | | |
|More accessible to arrive in |There are risks, such as the risk of |Location of sensitive areas |Contractor's obligations | | |√ |
|natural areas |poaching, etc. |threatened areas or species |monitoring and managing the | | | |
| | | |construction personnel | | | |
|Wastes generated from the |Loss of soil erosion and sediment |Location of earth and stone works|Contractor's obligations (drainage|√ |√ |√ |
|civil engineering | |for excavation, landfill and |and sedimentation pool) | | | |
| | |disposal, natural drainage |monitoring | | | |
| | |patterns | | | | |
| |Temporary occupation or destruction |Location, scope, purpose of |The contractor is obliged to |√ |√ |√ |
| | |occupied land |submit a Management Plan for | | | |
| | | |Damaged and Temporily Occupied | | | |
| | | |Land. | | | |
| |Emission of dust and other particles |Location, distance and wind |Schedule of engineering |√ |√ |√ |
| | |direction in residential zones |construction | | | |
| | | |contractor's obligations | | | |
| | | |(sprinkling) | | | |
| | | |monitoring the activities of the | | | |
| | | |civil engineering | | | |
|Excavation of grid channel in|During the excavation and disposal of |Measurement of sampling analysis |Methods of excavation | | |√ |
|Sea Area |grid channel in Sea Area, the sediments|of sediments |disposal conditions (stacking or | | | |
| |of bottom sludge can release some |quantities of grid channel |processing), | | | |
| |pollutants. If disposed |excavation |monitoring | | | |
| |inappropriately, they will pollute the | | | | | |
| |environment. | | | | | |
| |Pollution caused by bottom sludge |Yield, composition, trace and |Detailed management and disposal | | |√ |
| |disposed inappropriately |disposal method of bottom sludge |plans for bottom sludge | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
| |Impacts on aquatic life |List of species |Changin the construction methods | | |√ |
| | |special areas |developing the detailed and | | | |
| | | |effective mitigation measures | | | |
|Transportation of |Particulate matter and noise |Material volume, traffic volume |Contractor's obligations: |√ |√ |√ |
|construction materials and |transportation security |means of transportation through |maintaining the vehicles and road | | | |
|engineering equipment | |environmentally sensitive areas |signs, monitoring the means of | | | |
| | | |transportation | | | |
|Engagement of construction |If hiring the local labor, the direct |Predicting the number of |Contractor's obligations |√ |√ |√ |
|personnel |benefits can brought to the local |employees |(implementing in EMP) | | | |
| |residents and ethnic minorities. |estimating the number and |monitoring | | | |
| | |proportion of local staff to be | | | | |
| | |employed | | | | |
| |Health and safety impacts on the |Number of personnel to be |Contractor's obligations: Health |√ |√ |√ |
| |construction personnel and surrounding |possibly affected |and safety management | | | |
| |residents |health statistics (incidence |monitoring | | | |
| | |rate) | | | | |
| | |conditions on local infectious | | | | |
| | |and epidemic diseases | | | | |
| |Nearby surface water polluted by |Quality of surface water, |Contractor's obligations: Managing|√ |√ |√ |
| |domestic wastewater |environmental quality standards, |and monitoring the wastes as well| | | |
| | |emission standards |as health and safety | | | |
| | |facilities for downstream water | | | | |
| | |conservancy works | | | | |
|Use of large construction |Noise and waste (exhaust) gas impacting|Construction equipment required |Construction operations of |√ |√ |√ |
|equipment |on the surrounding residents |for use, construction schedule |large-scale equipment prohibitted | | | |
| | |distance from the nearest |at night | | | |
| | |residential zones, its population|notifying the time of construction| | | |
| | |density |operations to the surrounding | | | |
| | |direction and velocity of wind |residents | | | |
| | |noise and waste gas emission |contractor's obligations | | | |
| | |standards |monitoring | | | |
|Production of solid wastes |Pollution of soil, rivers and |Number and type of wastes: |Waste management and disposal |√ |√ |√ |
| |groundwater aquifers |Domestic garbage, construction |program | | | |
| | |waste, spoil, chemical waste |contractor's obligations | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
|Completion of construction |Not repairing or improperly repairing |Location and area of temporary |The contractor is obligated to |√ |√ | |
| |on site |land |prepare a Site Restoration | | | |
| | |equipment to be possibly used and|Programme after Completion for | | | |
| | |wastes to be generated |each project, in which the repair | | | |
| | | |expenditure shall be added. | | | |
|3、Environmental issues possibly existing during operation of project |
|1) Subprojects of reclaimed | | | | | | |
|water supply engineering | | | | | | |
|Operation of water |Noise |Noise standards |Procuring the low-noise equipment,|√ | | |
|reclamation plant | |distance to the nearest |strengthening the routine | | | |
| | |residential zones |maintenance | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
| |Impacts on water sources |Average monthly output of |Ensuring the minimum storage |√ | | |
| | |supplying water from water |capacity from water sources | | | |
| | |sources |monitoring the water quality and | | | |
| | |intake ratio of total storage |quantity of groundwater sources | | | |
| | |capacity | | | | |
| | |meeting the minimum water | | | | |
| | |requirements of other water | | | | |
| |Impacts on emission of tail water |Water quality of surface water, |Environmental quality standards, |√ | | |
| | |water quality of tail water, |emission standards, monitoring the| | | |
| | |quantity of water |water quality of tail water | | | |
| | | |water environmental protection | | | |
| | | |plans and emergency measures | | | |
|Production of sludge in water|Impacts caused by the improper |Estimated output and composition |Disposal measures of sludge |√ | | |
|reclamation plant |management of sludge |of sludge |detailed management plans of | | | |
| | | |sludge | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
|Pullution of raw water |Pollution status of water sources |Water quality of water sources |Monitoring the water quality of |√ | | |
| | |Type and quantity of surrounding |raw water | | | |
| | |main pollution sources |Protection plans for water sources| | | |
| | | |and emergency measures | | | |
|2) Subprojects of wastewater | | | | | | |
|treatment and reuse | | | | | | |
|engineerings | | | | | | |
|Production of sludge in the |Pollution caused by the management and |Output and composition of sludge |监测Detailed management and | |√ | |
|wastewater treatment plant |improper treatment of sludge |trace and disposal methods of |disposal plans for sludge | | | |
| | |sludge |monitoring | | | |
| |Impacts of agricultural sludge |Sludge purification / |Sludge reuse standards | |√ | |
| | |concentration of heavy metals |detailed disposal and utilization | | | |
| | | |plan for sludge | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
| |Toxicity and corrosivity of sludge and |Category of toxic or corrosive |Storage and treatment of sludge | |√ | |
| |waste residue |substances |and waste residue | | | |
| | |distance to the nearest |control of toxic substances | | | |
| | |residential zones | | | | |
|Operation of wastewater |Odor and noise |Location of pumping station/odor |Noise standards, foul gas emission| |√ | |
|treatment plants, wastewater | |distribution sources, |standards | | | |
|networks and wastewater | |distance to residential zones |procuring the low-noise | | | |
|pumping stations | | |equipment, strengthening the | | | |
| | | |duties of maintenance | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
|3) Subprojects of management | | | | | | |
|in Wuliangsuhai Sea Area | | | | | | |
|Operation of artificial |Impacts on the water environmental |Hydrological parameters, |Water quality standards for | | |√ |
|wetland |quality of Wuliangsuhai |monitoring values of water |surface water | | | |
| | |quality |emission standards | | | |
| | | |monitoring | | | |
| |Impacts on natural reserves |Type and purpose of protection |Biological diversity | | |√ |
| | |total area |monitoring the water quality | | | |
Table 1.6-3 Selection of Environmental Assessment factors of various subprojects
|No. |Category of subprojects and content of |Environmental Assessment factors |Degree of possible impact |
| |major projects | | |
| | |Ecological |Ambient air |Surface water |Groundwater |
| | |environment | | | |
|1 |Supply of Reclaimed|Water Supply |1) Water intake works: consist of the intake pump station, water pipeline and ancillary facilities, and the water |35,000 t/d |Hohwedor Town, |
| |Water |Project of |intake works shall utilize the existing intake pump station and water pipeline, and increase a standby water pump | |Wulatehouqi County |
| | |Wulatehouqi County |(Q=580m3,H=35m) and a ductile cast iron pressure pipe of DN500, with a design flow of 255L/s for water piping network. | | |
| | |Processing Park |2) One water reclamation plant shall be built at southeast of the processing park, including the buildings and | | |
| | | |structures such as, contact tank, chlorination-feeding chamber, clean water tank, pumping station, etc.; | | |
| | | |3) Water distribution network is laid out along the planned route toward the northwest, southwest and southeast of the | | |
| | | |processing park and PE pipes and ductile cast iron pipes of DN 200 are used. | | |
| | |Water Supply |1) Water intake works: consist of the intake pump station, water pipeline and ancillary facilities, with an intake |40,000t/d |Near Wangba Reservoir|
| | |Project of |capacity of 6.25m3/d. Intake pump station belongs to the combined structure at bank and adopts 6 horizontal centrifugal| |of Wulatezhongqi |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port |pumps. The water pipeline is connected from the intake pump station to the water reclamation plant along the pathway; | |County |
| | |Processing Park |2) One water reclamation plant shall be built near Wangba Reservoir, including the buildings and structures such as | | |
| | | |lift pump station, pre-aeration basin, flocculation tank, filter station, contact tank, sludge discharge tank and | | |
| | | |backwash tank, chlorination-feeding chamber, anti-seepage chamber and clean water tank and pumping station; | | |
| | | |3) Water distribution network: Double ductile cast iron pressure pipes of DN500 are laid out along the planned route to| | |
| | | |the clean water tank of wastewater treatment & reuse of the park, totaling 28km, with a design flow of 509l/s. | | |
| | |Reclaimed Water |1) Water intake works: its intake capacity is 33,000m³/d and it adopts the gravity pipe intake structure and the |20,000t/d |Shanba Town, |
| | |Supply Project of |pumping station is built together with the suction well. Four horizontal centrifugal pumps are used (Q=340m3). Double | |Gangjinhouqi County |
| | |3rd Drainage Canal |pipes are used for the water delivery pipeline and subject to the supporting construction with the water reclamation | | |
| | | |plant; | | |
| | | |2) One water reclamation plant shall be built in the north of wastewater treatment plant of 3rd Drainage Canal, | | |
| | | |including the buildings and structures such as distributing well, pipeline mixer, one mesh reactor, one sloping plate | | |
| | | |sedimentation tank, one V-type filter tank, chlorination chamber, reflux tank, sludge equalization basin, anti-seepage | | |
| | | |chamber and pumping station, etc.; | | |
| | | |3) Water distribution network: two water pipelines are drawn out from pumping station of water reclamation plant to | | |
| | | |water supply piping network of Gangjinhouqi County Industrial Park. | | |
| | |Reclaimed Water |1) Water intake works: its intake capacity is 33,000m³/d and it adopts the gravity pipe intake structure and the |20,000t/d |Longxingchang Town, |
| | |Supply Project of |pumping station is built together with the suction well (20m×16m). Four horizontal centrifugal pumps are used | |Wuyuan County |
| | |7th Drainage Canal |(Q=340m3). Double pipes are used for the water delivery pipeline and two ductile cast iron pipes of DN400 are laid out,| | |
| | | |totaling 0.2km; | | |
| | | |2) One water reclamation plant shall be built, including the buildings and structures such as, one distributing well, | | |
| | | |one static mixer, one mesh reactor, one sloping plate sedimentation tank, one common filter tank, one reflux tank, one | | |
| | | |sludge equalization basin, one clean water tank, one chlorination-feeding or dosing chamber, one ultrafiltration & | | |
| | | |anti-seepage chamber, etc.; | | |
| | | |3) Water distribution network: two pipelines of DN400 are laid out, with a design flow of 20,000m3/d×1.1 =255l/s, and a| | |
| | | |length of 19km. | | |
|2 |Wastewater |Wastewater |1) Wastewater collection system: the sewer network shall be laid out as per the planning of the processing park, and |20,000t/d |Hohwedor Town, |
| |Treatment & Reuse |Treatment Project |the wastewater main pipes of DN400-DN700 are laid out from the north to the south along Jingyi Road, Jingsan Road, | |Wulatehouqi County |
| |Project of |of Wulatehouqi |Jingwu Road and Jingqi Road, and the main trunk pipes are laid out at Jingwu Road, which are undertaken by the | | |
| |Processing Park |County Processing |government. The construction commitment letter of wastewater collection network of the processing park is shown in the | | |
| | |Park (Hoh Town) |attachment; | | |
| | | |2) The buildings and structures for the wastewater treatment engineering include bar screen, intake pump station, | | |
| | | |aeration tank, equalization basin, primary sedimentation tank, biological tank, secondary sedimentation tank, | | |
| | | |flocculation tank, filter station, sludge thickening & dewatering house, blower room, chlorination chamber, | | |
| | | |odor-removing chamber, etc. | | |
| | |Wastewater |1) Wastewater collection network: the wastewater main pipes are built by the government and excluded in the Project, |Wastewater treatment |Delingshan Town, |
| | |Treatment & Reuse |and the construction commitment letter of wastewater collection network of the processing park is shown in the |capacity::30,000t/d; |Wulatezhongqi County |
| | |Project of |attachment; |Reclaimed water | |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port |2) Process flow includes pre-treatment work stage, secondary bio-treatment work stage, reclaimed water deep-treatment |capacity:20,000t/d | |
| | |Processing Park |stage, and sludge treatment stage. Main buildings and structures include equalization basin, bar screen, wastewater | | |
| | | |pump room, grit chamber, biological tank, contact tank, distributing well, small-hole mesh reactor, sloping plate | | |
| | | |sedimentation tank, V-type filter tank, sludge pump room, sludge thickening & dewatering house, blower room, | | |
| | | |chlorination chamber, odor-removing chamber, etc.; | | |
| | | |3）Total length of water distribution network is 45.08km and the ductile cast iron pipes and PE pipes of DN 100-DN600 | | |
| | | |are used, with a maximum design flow of 902.7L/s. | | |
| | |Wastewater |1) Wastewater collection network: the wastewater main pipes are built by the government and excluded in the Project, |Wastewater treatment |Xianfeng Town, |
| | |Treatment & Reuse |and the construction commitment letter of wastewater collection network of the processing park is shown in the |capacity::30,000t/d; |Wulateqianqi County |
| | |Project of |attachment; |Reclaimed water | |
| | |Wulateqianqi County|2) Wastewater treatment & reuse project: it covers a land area of 370m×300m, 11.0ha, and the main buildings and |capacity:20,000t/d | |
| | |(Xianfeng Town) |structures include equalization basin, bar screen, wastewater pump room, grit chamber, biological tank, secondary | | |
| | |Processing Park |sedimentation tank, flocculation tank, filter station, sludge pump room, sludge dewatering house, lift pump room, | | |
| | | |blower room, chlorination-feeding & dosing chamber, odor-removing chamber, etc. | | |
| | | |3) it is necessary to build the wastewater main pipes of DN800-DN1400 from drainage main trunk to wastewater treatment | | |
| | | |plant, totaling 9.00km, reclaimed water pipelines of 23.4km (DN500-DN300) and necessary supporting facilities. | | |
|3 |Rehabilitation |Pastoral Grid |The main drainage canal of grid channel system is 45m wide, 1.4m deep and 40.00km long, and the branch canal is 10m |Construction area |Wuliangsuhai Lake, |
| |works in |Channel Project of |wide, 2m deep and 100.00km long. Excavation works of main channels and branch channels. |2.8×106m2, excavated |Wulateqianqi County |
| |Wuliangsuhai Lake |Wuliangsuhai Lake | |sediment 3.35×106m3 | |
| | |Artificial wetland |1) Biologic transition belt artificial wetland project in the west and northwest of Wuliangsuhai Lake, including |6134.3 ha |Wuliangsuhai Lake, |
| | |project and |general drainage canal wetland area of 90514mu, with pumping station flow of 15 m3/s； | |Wulateqianqi County |
| | |Non-point Source |2) Area-source demonstration project is located in the Beichang Branch Ditch experimental area of drainage canal 9 at | | |
| | |Pilot Project in |Qinghua Village Beichang Community and Dengcundian Village Tabu Community of Beiqidu Township, Wulateqianqi County of | | |
| | |Biologic Transition|Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total area of 3 km2. | | |
| | |Belt of | | | |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | | |
Table 3.1-2 Recommended Construction Sites for Various Subprojects
|No. |Type |Name of Project |Recommended Construction Site |
|1 |Supply of Reclaimed|Water Supply Project of |Southeast of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park |
| |Water |Wulatehouqi County Processing| |
| | |Park | |
| | |Water Supply Project of |Near Wangba Reservoir of Delingshan Town of Wulatezhongqi County |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port Processing | |
| | |Park | |
| | |Water Supply Project of |North of 3rd Drainage Canal Wastewater Treatment Plant of Shaanba |
| | |Reclaimed Water for 3rd |Town, Gangjinhouqi County |
| | |Drainage Canal | |
| | |Water Supply Project of |North of 7th Drainage Canal Wastewater Treatment Plant of |
| | |Reclaimed Water for 7th |Longxingchang Town, Wuyuan County |
| | |Drainage Canal | |
|2 |Wastewater |Wastewater Treatment Project |Southeast of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park |
| |Treatment & Reuse |of Wulatehouqi County | |
| |Project of |Processing Park (Hoh Town) | |
| |Processing Park | | |
| | |Wastewater Treatment & Reuse |South of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park (Delingshan Town), |
| | |Project of Ganqimaodu Port |Wulatezhongqi County |
| | |Processing Park | |
| | |Wastewater Treatment & Reuse |Southeast of Wulateqianqi County (Xianfeng Town) Processing Park |
| | |Project of Wulateqianqi | |
| | |County (Xianfeng Town) | |
| | |Processing Park | |
|3 |Harness Project of |Pastoral Grid Channel Project|Wuliangsuhai Lake |
| |Wuliangsuhai Lake |of Wuliangsuhai Lake | |
| | |Artificial wetland project |Biologic transition belt artificial wetland is built on the existing |
| | |and Area-Source Demonstration|reed marsh of lake area in the west and north of Wuliangsuhai Lake, |
| | |Project in Biologic |and area-source pollution control demonstration zone is built in |
| | |Transition Belt of |Beichang Branch Ditch of Drainage Canal 9 near Wuliangsuhai Lake |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | |
3.1.5 Floor Area of the Project and Plane Layout of Factory Area
Floor area and plane layout of the Project are shown in Table 3.1-3 and the plane layout of various subprojects is shown in Attached drawing. 3.1-2 –3.1-12.
Table 3.1-3 Floor Area of the Project and Plane Layout of Factory Area
|No. |Type |Name of Subproject |Floor Area |Overall Layout |
|1 |Supply of Reclaimed|Water Supply Project of |Permanent floor area of the project is |Structures are laid out as per the process flow and the vertical arrangement of structures is made rationally in |
| |Water |Wulatehouqi County |5.58ha, including the floor area of |combination with the vertical condition of the factory area to ensure the raw water can automatically flow into |
| | |Processing Park |5.51ha for water reclamation plant, floor|the next structure; road width is identical to the structure. In the west of water reclamation plant from the |
| | | |area of 0.06ha for roads out of the |south to the north are laid out warehouse repair workshop, comprehensive building, contact tank, clean water |
| | | |factory, and floor area of 0.01ha for |tank, intake pump room, chlorination-feeding chamber and switchgear room, and the east of the reclamation plant |
| | | |piping valve well. Temporary floor area |is for future expansion. The roads in the factory area are divided by functions and shall be circulated around |
| | | |is 18.5ha. |the buildings and structures, of which the width of main trunk roads is 7m and width of secondary trunk roads is |
| | | | |4m, and the width of walkway is 1.5m. The width of workshop approach roads is identical to the door width and the|
| | | | |road pavement shall be concreted. |
| | |Water Supply Project of |Permanent floor area of the project is |Structures are laid out as per the process flow and the vertical arrangement of structures is made rationally in |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port |10.59ha, including the floor area of |combination with the vertical condition of the factory area to ensure the raw water can automatically flow into |
| | |Processing Park |0.02ha for intake pump station, floor |the next structure; road width is identical to the structure. In the water reclamation plant from the south to |
| | | |area of 10.5ha for water reclamation |the north are laid out warehouse repair workshop, comprehensive building, sludge treatment tank, backwash tank, |
| | | |plant, floor area of 0.06ha for roads out|contact tank, collecting well, intake pump room, distributing well, pre-aeration tank, sedimentation tank, filter|
| | | |of the factory, and floor area of 0.01ha |station, clean water tank, pumping station, chlorination-feeding chamber, contact tank, RO workshop and |
| | | |for piping valve well. Temporary floor |switchgear room. |
| | | |area is 18.5ha. |The roads in the factory area are divided by functions and shall be circulated around the buildings and |
| | | | |structures, of which the width of main trunk roads is 7m and width of secondary trunk roads is 4m, and the width |
| | | | |of walkway is 1.5m. The width of workshop approach roads is identical to the door width and the road pavement |
| | | | |shall be concreted. |
| | |Reclaimed Water Supply |The floor area of the project is 2.50ha, |According to the recommended process flow, selection of buildings & structures and land use condition and in full|
| | |Project of 3rd Drainage |125m in length and 200m in width. |consideration of various factors, the factory area of water reclamation plant for 3rd Drainage Canal is divided |
| | |Canal | |into two function areas: one is production and management area, which is located in the west of the factory area,|
| | | | |arranged with reception room, comprehensive building, repair workshop, warehouse, switchgear room & auxiliary |
| | | | |structures; the other is the production structure area of water reclamation plant, located in the east of the |
| | | | |factory area, and arranged with from the south to the north small-hole mesh reactor, V-type filter tank, clean |
| | | | |water tank, and pumping station. The width of main trunk roads is 7m and the width of secondary trunk roads is |
| | | | |4m. The roads are built into the screen traffic network in the factory area. Rain/wastewater diversion system is |
| | | | |applied to the drainage system of the factory area. And the sewer will collect the domestic wastewater and |
| | | | |discharge them into the supporting sewer network of wastewater treatment plant in the south. There are rain |
| | | | |pipelines in the factory area and the rain water will automatically flow into the 3rd Drainage Canal. Water |
| | | | |supply of the factory is from the underground water supply system and the water distribution network shall be |
| | | | |designed into the ring-like structure, and the fire hydrants shall be equipped as per the fire-prevention |
| | | | |requirement, with a protection radius of less than 60m. |
| | |Reclaimed Water Supply |The floor area of water reclamation plant|According to the recommended process flow, selection of buildings & structures and land use condition and in full|
| | |Project of 7th Drainage |of 7th Drainage Canal is 2.50ha, 100m in |consideration of various factors, the factory area of water reclamation plant for 7th Drainage Canal is divided |
| | |Canal |length and 250m in width. |into two function areas: one is production and management area, which is located in the west of the factory area,|
| | | | |arranged with reception room, comprehensive building, repair workshop, warehouse, switchgear room & auxiliary |
| | | | |structures; the other is the production structure area of water reclamation plant, located in the east of the |
| | | | |factory area, and arranged with from the south to the north small-hole mesh reactor, common filter tank, |
| | | | |ultrafiltration anti-seepage chamber, ultrafiltration tank, backwash tank, wastewater neutralization pool, clean |
| | | | |water tank, and pumping station. The width of main trunk roads is 7m and the width of secondary trunk roads is |
| | | | |4m. The roads are built into the screen traffic network in the factory area. Rain/wastewater diversion system is |
| | | | |applied to the drainage system of the factory area. And the sewer will collect the domestic wastewater and |
| | | | |discharge them into the supporting sewer network of wastewater treatment plant in the south. There are rain |
| | | | |pipelines in the factory area and the rain water will automatically flow into the 7th Drainage Canal. Water |
| | | | |supply of the factory is from the underground water supply system and the water distribution network shall be |
| | | | |designed into the ring-like structure, and the fire hydrants shall be equipped as per the fire-prevention |
| | | | |requirement, with a protection radius of less than 60m. |
|2 |Wastewater |Wastewater Treatment |The project covers a land area of 7.0ha, |According to the characteristics of wastewater treatment process and function partitioning principle, the project|
| |Treatment & Reuse |Project of Wulatehouqi |and a building area of 1.13ha. Roads and |can be divided into the production area and front plant area. The production area is laid out as per the process |
| |Project of |County Processing Park |square cover a land area of 3.9ha, and |flow; coarse bar screen and intake pump house are arranged in the south of the factory area and the pipelines to |
| |Processing Park |(Hoh Town) |the greening area is 0.65453ha. |the plant shall be unblocked and the selection tank and oxidation ditch and secondary sedimentation tank shall be|
| | | | |laid out in order, and the wastewater shall be discharged into the water reclamation plant; the sludge system |
| | | | |shall be convenient to the sludge discharge and outward transportation, which shall be arranged in the middle of |
| | | | |the factory area. Switchgear room is located in the central load center of the factory area. The front plant area|
| | | | |is located in the north of the factory area and the leeward side with the minimum wind direction frequency in |
| | | | |summer, complying with the direction of pedestrian flow into the plant. Under the precondition of meeting the |
| | | | |fire prevention and transportation requirements, the roads in the plant shall adopt the feeder roads, with a |
| | | | |width of 5m, and the turning radius of road curb stones is 6m and the roads shall be the urban concreted |
| | | | |pavement. |
| | |Wastewater Treatment & |The project covers a land area of 11.1ha,|According to the characteristics of wastewater treatment process and function partitioning principle, the project|
| | |Reuse Project of |and a building area of 1. 20ha. Roads and|can be divided into the production area and front plant area. The production area is laid out as per the process |
| | |Ganqimaodu Port |square cover a land area of 0.81ha, and |flow; coarse bar screen and intake pump house are arranged in the south of the factory area and the pipelines to |
| | |(Delingshan Town) |the greening area is 5.3ha. |the plant shall be unblocked and the selection tank and oxidation ditch and secondary sedimentation tank shall be|
| | |Processing Park | |laid out in order, and the wastewater shall be reused upon the treatment; the sludge system shall be convenient |
| | | | |to the sludge discharge and outward transportation, which shall be arranged in the middle of the factory area. |
| | | | |Switchgear room is located in the central load center of the factory area. The front plant area is located in the|
| | | | |north of the factory area and the leeward side with the minimum wind direction frequency in summer, complying |
| | | | |with the direction of pedestrian flow into the plant. Under the precondition of meeting the fire prevention and |
| | | | |transportation requirements, the roads in the plant shall adopt the feeder roads, with a width of 7m, and the |
| | | | |turning radius of road curb stones is 6m and the roads shall be the urban concreted pavement. |
| | |Wastewater Treatment & |The project covers a land area of 11.1ha,|According to the characteristics of wastewater treatment process and function partitioning principle, the project|
| | |Reuse Project of |and a building area of 1. 18ha. Roads and|can be divided into the production area and front plant area. The production area is laid out as per the process |
| | |Wulateqianqi County |square cover a land area of 0.81ha, and |flow; coarse bar screen and intake pump house are arranged in the south of the factory area and the selection |
| | |(Xianfeng Town) |the greening area is 5.3ha. |tank and oxidation ditch and secondary sedimentation tank shall be laid out in order, and the wastewater shall be|
| | |Processing Park | |reused upon the treatment; the sludge system shall be convenient to the sludge discharge and outward |
| | | | |transportation, which shall be arranged in the middle of the factory area. Switchgear room is located in the |
| | | | |central load center of the factory area. The front plant area is located in the north of the factory area and the|
| | | | |leeward side with the minimum wind direction frequency in summer, complying with the direction of pedestrian flow|
| | | | |into the plant. |
|3 |Rehabilitation |Grid Channel Project of | |Grid channels composed of the main drainage canals and branch canals out of the core area and buffer area within |
| |Works in |Wuliangsuhai Lake | |the scope of 293km2 around Wuliangsuhai Lake. |
| |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | | |
| | |Artificial wetland |Non-point source pollution control pilot |Wetland of general drainage canal occupies the reed marshes No. 2, 3 and 4, with a total area of 6034.3ha, and |
| | |project and Area-Source |project on the Beichang Branch Ditch of |the water of the wetland is discharged into military farm reed marsh No.4 via Honggepu pumping station and into |
| | |Demonstration Project in |Drainage Canal 9 is 3km. Artificial |reed marsh No.2 via the diversion dam set up in the reed marsh and then into reed marsh No.3, afterward flows |
| | |Biologic Transition Belt |wetland includes the wetland of General |into hydrologic buffer zone of the Lake from three outlets and finally flows into the grid channels of the Lake. |
| | |of Wuliangsuhai Lake |Drainage Canal with a total area of |Drainage canal 8 only uses the reed marsh No.5, with an area of 571.3ha; the water flows into the reed marsh and |
| | | |6134.3ha |flows through the wetland along the diversion dam; Drainage canal 9 only uses the reed marsh No.6, with an area |
| | | | |of 740.0ha; the water flows into the reed marsh and flows through the reed marsh from the south to the north and |
| | | | |finally flows into the catchment area from the north to the south after flowing through the diversion dam. |
3.1.6 Construction Progress Schedule
(1) Design principle for total construction progress
The project has a bigger work quantity and scattered construction areas, and the construction shall be carried out as per the rational and orderly principle.
(2) Progress
The preliminary preparation of the project has been commenced since 2009 and the construction period of the project is from 2010 to 2012. Construction progress is shown in Table 3.1-4.
Table 3.1-4 Construction Schedule of the Project
|No. |Activity |Time (Month) |Implementation Schedule |
|1 |Preliminary preparation |15 |2009.3－2010.5 |
|2 |Preparation Delegation of Experts from World’s|2 |2009.8，2009.11 |
| |Bank | | |
|3 |Evaluation Delegation of Experts from World’s |2 |2010.1，2010.3 |
| |Bank | | |
|4 |Executive Board |3 |2010.7－2010.9 |
|5 |Prepare and review bidding documents |6 |2010.4－2010.9 |
|6 |Enter into the purchase& contribution |1 |2010.10 |
| |agreement | | |
|7 |Submission of tender |wastewater treatment |8 |2010.3－2010.10 |
| | |project | | |
| | |regenerated water |17 |2011.2－2012.6 |
| | |project | | |
| | |Harness Project of |5 |2014.2－2014.6 |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | |
|8 |Drawing design |wastewater treatment |8 |2010.1－2010.8 |
| | |project | | |
| | |regenerated water |19 |2011.2－2012.8 |
| | |project | | |
| | |Harness Project of |16 |2010.6－2011.9 |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | |
|9 |Civil engineering and|wastewater treatment |20 |2010.6－2012.1 |
| |Equipment |project | | |
| |installation | | | |
| | |regenerated water |26 |2011.11－2013.12 |
| | |project | | |
| | |Harness Project of |19 |2014.4－2015.10 |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | |
|10 |Commissioning |wastewater treatment |3 |2011.9-2011.10，2012. 1－2012.2 |
| | |project | | |
| | |regenerated water |3 |2012.12-2013.1，2013.12－2014.1 |
| | |project | | |
| | |Harness Project of |2 |2015.9－2015.10 |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | |
|11 |Trial run and final |Wastewater treatment |4 |2011.10-2011.11，2012. 2－2012.3 |
| |acceptance |project | | |
| | |Regenerated water |4 |2013.2-2013.3， 2013.12－2014.1 |
| | |project | | |
| | |Harness Project of |2 |2015.10－2015.11 |
| | |Wuliangsuhai Lake | | |
|12 |Organization capacity-building | |2010.1－2015.12 |
3.2 Construction Schedule of the Project
3.2.1 Subproject of Reclaimed Water Supply
Water supply projects of reclaimed water use the water sources of general drainage canal, 3rd Drainage Canal and 7th Drainage Canal and the reclaimed water serves as the industrial water of the related enterprises in the processing parks after the treatment.
3.2.1.1 Engineering Characteristics
Main steps of various subprojects of reclaimed water are as follows:
Determine the water source → build the water delivery network → construct the water plant → build the water distribution network → user.
Various subprojects of reclaimed water of the Project include reclaimed water supply project of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park, reclaimed water supply project of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park, reclaimed water supply project of 3rd Drainage Canal, and reclaimed water supply project of 7th Drainage Canal, and the main characteristics are shown in Table 3.2-1.
Table 3.2-1 Main Characteristics of Various Reclaimed Water Supply Projects
|Item |Unit |Reclaimed Water Supply |Reclaimed Water |Reclaimed Water |Reclaimed Water |
| | |Project of Wulatehouqi |Supply Project of |Supply Project of |Supply Project of |
| | |County Processing Park |Ganqimaodu Port |3rd Drainage Canal |7th Drainage Canal|
| | | |Processing Park | | |
|Treatment Facilities |
|Nature |—— |Newly built |Newly built |Newly built |Newly built |
|Scale |10,000m3/d |3.5 |4 |2 |2 |
|Service Scope |—— |Wulatehouqi County |Ganqimaodu Port |Gangjinhouqi County |Wuyuan Rongfeng |
| | |Processing Park |Processing Park |Industrial Park |Industrial Park |
|Water Source |—— |General Drainage |General Drainage |3rd Drainage Canal |7th Drainage Canal|
| | |Canal/Groundwater /Yongming|Canal |wastewater treatment|wastewater |
| | |Lake | |plant/ 3rd Drainage |treatment plant/ |
| | | | |Canal |7th Drainage |
| | | | | |Canal/ groundwater|
|Delivery distance |Km |5.0 |28.0 |3.0 |19.0 |
|of raw water | | | | | |
|Pipe diameter |Mm |500 |600 |400 |400 |
|Piping Distribution |
|Piping Length |Km |Ductile cast iron pipe/PE |Ductile cast iron |Ductile cast iron |Ductile cast iron |
| | |pipe, 32.6 |pressure water pipe,|pressure water pipe,|pressure water |
| | | |28.0 |27.0 |pipe, 23.0 |
|Quantity of pump |set |1 |1 |1 |1 |
|stations | | | | | |
|Construction Period |
|Construction |Year |4 |4 |4 |4 |
|Period | | | | | |
3.2.1.2 Influent and Effluent Quality of Reclaimed Water Supply Project
According to the water source quality of reclaimed water supply projects and in full consideration of the usage and standard requirements of reclaimed water, the infleunt and effluent quality for reclaimed water supply system is defined in combination with the use requirement on water quality, treatment degree and treatment cost, with more details shown in Table 3.2-2.
Table 3.2-2 Influent/Effluent Quality of Reclaimed Water Supply Projects
|No. |Indicator |Reclaimed Water Project |Reclaimed Water |Reclaimed Water |Reclaimed Water Project|
| | |in Wulatehouqi County |Project on 3rd Drainage|Project on 7th Drainage|in Ganqimaodu |
| | |Processing Park |Canal |Canal |Processing Park |
| | |Inlet (mg/L) |Outlet (mg/L) |Inlet (mg/L) |Outlet (mg/L) |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County|Water intake |This project plans to lay |Includes water distribution well, |Distribution system of water |
| |Processing park |project has been |two pipelines and the design|line blender well, eye-let grid |supply is sat along with |
| |Reclaimed Water |built in General |flow is 255l/s. Based on |reaction tank, small space |planning roads of processing |
| |Supply Project |Drainage Canal |current water line, it needs|inclined-plate sedimentation tank,|park. Reclaimed water supply |
| | |Mark 31500 with |to add one DN500 water |V filters, backflow buffer tank, |lines divide into three lines, |
| | |two pumps. This |supply pipe 5000m long, and |sludge conditioning tank, |respectively supplies water to |
| | |project uses |set exhaust valves, |chlorination room, medicament |northwest, southwest and |
| | |original water |atmospheric well and |room, clean water pond, water |southeast of the zone. |
| | |intake, and adds |combined valve well in |conveying pump, ultra filtration |Distribution system of |
| | |one spare pump. |proper place. |antiosmosis shop, backwashing |reclaimed water supply is |
| | | | |waste lagoon, waste neutralization|arranged in detail as attached |
| | | | |pond, and waste water. |Diagram 3-1。 |
|2 |3rd Drainage Canal|The scale of |Water takein pump station |Includes water distribution well, |Lead from water conveying pump |
| |Reclaimed Water |construction is a |is100m far from water |line blender well, eye-let grid |of water reclamation plant to |
| |Project |water takein pump |reclamation plant. This |reaction tank, small space |two water pipelines then send |
| | |station of |project plans to set two |inclined-plate sedimentation tank,|to water supply network of |
| | |33thousand m3/d, |DN300 PE pipes to lead raw |filter station, backflow buffer |Hanghou industrial park. It |
| | |raw water supply |water to water reclamation |tank, sludge conditioning tank, |adopts low pressure fire |
| | |line and |plant. |chlorination room, medicament |protection system. The |
| | |supporting | |room, clean water pond, water |reclaimed water supply network |
| | |construction for | |conveying pump, ultrafiltration |is arranged in detail as |
| | |water reclamation | |antiosmosis shop, backwashing |attached Diagram 3-2. |
| | |plant. | |waste lagoon, waste neutralization| |
| | | | |pond, and waste water pond. | |
|3 |7th Drainage Canal|The scale of |Water takein pump station |Includes water distribution well, |Build two water pipelines to |
| |Reclaimed Water |construction is a |is100m far from water |line blender well, eye-let grid |send to water supply network of|
| |Project |water takein pump |reclamation plant. This |reaction tank, small space |Wuyuan industrial park. The |
| | |station of |project plans to set two |inclined-plate sedimentation tank,|water supply network adopts |
| | |33thousand m3/d, |DN400 nodular cast iron |V filters, backflow buffer tank, |pipe network system combining |
| | |raw water supply |pipes to lead raw water to |sludge conditioning tank, |production and fire protection.|
| | |line and |water reclamation plant. |chlorination room, medicament |It adopts low pressure fire |
| | |supporting | |room, clean water pond, water |protection system. The |
| | |construction for | |conveying pump, ultra filtration |reclaimed water supply network |
| | |water reclamation | |antiosmosis shop, backwashing |is arranged in detail as |
| | |plant. | |waste lagoon, waste neutralization|attached Diagram 3-3. |
| | | | |pond, and waste water. | |
|4 |Ganqimaodu |Water intaking |The planned location of |Includes lift pump room, |Water distribution pipelines |
| |Processing park |scale is 62.5 |reclaimed water supply |preaeration tank, flocculation |adopt double lines water |
| |Reclaimed Water |thousand m3/d, |project is near Wangba |settling pond, filter station, |supply, and plan to set two |
| |Project |water takein pump |reservoir. Water delivery |contact tank, chlorination room, |lines. The design flow is |
| | |station and |lines directly connect to |medicament room, antiosmosis shop,|509l/s, pipe diameter is DN600,|
| | |absorbing well |water reclamation plant from|backwashing waste lagoon, spoil |length is 28km. The material is|
| | |build together. |water takein pump station |disposal pond, clean water pond, |nodular cast iron. The way of |
| | | |along with sideway. |and water conveying pump. |water delivery is pressure |
| | | | | |flow. It connects to clean |
| | | | | |water pond of wastewater |
| | | | | |treatment and recycling plant |
| | | | | |in the zone, from water |
| | | | | |reclamation plant along with |
| | | | | |sideway. |
3.2.1.4 Demonstration and Analysis of Water Source.
1）Water Source
There are four available water sources in the processing park: a. the water from the wastewater treatment plant; b. the water from the drainage canal; c. the groundwater of the processing park; the water from the Reservoir. The information on the water source for each water supply component are given in Table 3.2-4 below.
Table 3.2-4 Water intaking source at each processing park
|S.N. |Name of |Permanent water |Water source |Alternate source |Remark |
| |sub-project |source | | | |
|1 |Water supply |1.Water outlet |Yongming Reservoir with|Groundwater from |The water quality of water outlet from |
| |engineering of |from the |a total reservoir |project area |the wastewater disposal plant of |
| |reclaimed waterof |wastewater |capacity of 2.602 | |Wulatehouqi County Industrial Zone is |
| |Wulatehouqi County|disposal plant of |million m3 | |stable while the water quality of the |
| |Industrial Zone |Wulatehouqi County| | |upstream draining water from General |
| | |Industrial Zone; | | |Drainage Canal is very good, which can |
| | |2. Upstream | | |be used as permanent water supply |
| | |draining water | | |source. |
| | |from General | | | |
| | |Drainage Canal. | | | |
|2 |Water supply |Water outlet from |1.Draining water from |—— |The water quality of water outlet from |
| |engineering |the wastewater |3rd Drainage Canal | |the wastewater disposal plant of 3rd |
| |reclaimed waterof |disposal plant of |during non-frozen | |Drainage Canal is stable and can be used|
| |3rd Drainage Canal|Hangjinhou Banner |period; | |as permanent water supply source. |
| | |wastewater |2. Groundwater during | | |
| | |disposal plant |frozen period. | | |
|3 |Water supply |Water outlet from |1.Draining water from |—— |The water quality of water outlet from |
| |engineering |the wastewater |3rd Drainage Canal | |the wastewater disposal plant of 7th |
| |reclaimed waterof |disposal plant of |during non-frozen | |Drainage Canal is stable and can be used|
| |7th Drainage Canal|7th Drainage Canal|period; | |as permanent water supply source. |
| | | |2. Groundwater during | | |
| | | |frozen period. | | |
|4 |Water supply |The downstream |—— |—— |The water quality of the upstream |
| |engineering |draining water | | |draining water from General Drainage |
| |reclaimed waterof |from General | | |Canal is very good and the water |
| |Ganqimaodu |Drainage Canal | | |quantity is stable and abundant and the |
| |Industrial Zone | | | |conditions for water source utilization |
| | | | | |are convenient. |
2）The water quantity analysis of water source
①Wulatehou County Processing park Wastewater Treatment Project
The water supply scale of water reclamation plant is 35,000m3/d, of which the water of 15,000m3/d is from the wastewater treatment plant and the water of 20,000 m3/d is from the general drainage canal. Considering the self-consuming water quantity by the factory area, it is necessary to intake the water of 18,000 m3/d from the wastewater treatment plant of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park and 24,000 m3/d from the general drainage canal, and the available water quantity of general drainage canal is calculated by 85%, and the water demand of general drainage canal shall be more than 850,000t/month and the insufficient water quantity in winter can be supplemented by the groundwater and the water from Yongming Reservoir.
If the probability of water supply is calculated by 95%, the correlation between available water quantity of water sources and water intake quantity of the Project is shown in Table 3.2-5.
Table 3.2-5 Correlation between Available Water Quantity of Water Sources and Water Intake Quantity of the Project (10,000m3)
|Month |1 |2 |
|1 |CODcr |60 mg/l |
|2 |BOD5 |20 mg/l |
|3 |SS |20 mg/l |
|4 |Ammonia (metered by N) |8 mg/l |
|5 |TP (metered by P) |1 mg/l |
Table 3.2-7 Main Water Quality Index of Raw Water of General Drainage Canal
|Monitoring |2008.4 |2008.5 |
|Item | | |
|1 |CODcr |120 mg/l |
|2 |BOD5 |30 mg/l |
|3 |SS |30 mg/l |
|4 |TN (Metered by N) |25 mg/l |
|5 |TP (Metered by P) |3 mg/l |
Table 3.2-12 Monitoring Statistics of Water Quality of 3rd Drainage Canal (mg/L)
|Sampling |pH Value |COD |
|Date | | |
|1 |CODcr |120 mg/l |
|2 |BOD5 |30 mg/l |
|3 |SS |30 mg/l |
|4 |TN (Metered by N) |25 mg/l |
|5 |TP (Metered by P) |3 mg/l |
Table 3.2-17 Monitoring Statistics of Water Quality of 7th Drainage Canal (mg/L)
|Sampling Date |pH Value |COD |Ammonia |TP |
|Building property |-- |Newly built |Newly built |Newly built |
|Location |-- |In Wulate Houqi Processing Park |In Ganqimaodu Port Processing |In Wulate Qianqi Processing Park |
| | | |Park | |
|Scale of wastewater|10,000m3/d |2 |3 |3 |
|treatment | | | | |
|Scale of |10,000m3/d |-- |2.0 |2 |
|intermediate water | | | | |
|treatment | | | | |
|Service scope |-- |Wulate Houqi processing park |Ganqimaodu Port processing park|Wulate Qianqi processing park |
|Consumer of |-- |Water used for industrial |Water used for industrial |Water used for industrial |
|intermediate water | |production and afforestation in |production and afforestation in|production and afforestation in |
| | |the park |the park |the park |
|Length of |km |45.08 |-- |9.0 |
|wastewater pipe | | | | |
|network | | | | |
|Length of |km |-- |51.62 |65.03 |
|intermediate water | | | | |
|pipe network | | | | |
|Building period | |2 |2 |2 |
3.2.2.2 Influent/Efluent Quality of wastewater treatment and reclaimed project in Processing park
According to the feasibility study report, the industrial wastewater flowing in the wastewater collection system shall meet the requirements of Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater (CJ3082-1999). Referring to the data on water quality of wastewater from processing park in similar area in the north, and in consideration of the uncertainties of enterprises in the future and instability of the water quality, the indexes of inflow water quality of wastewater treatment plant are determined. See Table 3.2-17 for the details
Table 3.2-17 The Inlet and Outlet water quality of each wastewater treatment plant
|No. |indicator |Wulate Hou County Processing |Ganqimaodu Port Processing |Wulate Qian County Processing |
| | |Park |Park |Park |
| | |Inlet (mg/L) |Outlet (mg/L) |Inlet (mg/L) |Outlet (mg/L) |Inlet (mg/L) |Outlet (mg/L) |
|2 |COD |≤300 |≤50 mg/l |≤500 |≤50mg/L |≤300 |≤50mg/L |
|3 |BOD |≤150 |≤10 mg/l |≤300 |≤10mg/L |≤150 |≤10mg/L |
|4 |NH3-N |≤25 |≤（5）8 mg/l |≤25 |≤（5）8mg/L |≤25 |≤（5）8mg/L |
|5 |Total phosphorus |—— |≤0.5 mg/l |—— |≤0.5mg/L |—— |≤0.5mg/L |
| |(calculated as per P) | | | | | | |
|6 |TN |—— |—— |—— |≤15mg/L |—— |≤15mg/L |
|7 |SS |≤300 |≤10 mg/l |≤300 |≤10mg/L |≤300 |≤10mg/L |
|8 |Phosphate (P, mg/L) |≤3 |—— |≤3 | |≤3 | |
|9 |Petroleum etc. |—— |—— |—— |≤1.0mg/L |—— |≤1.0mg/L |
|10 |Number of coliform |—— |—— |—— |≤103 个/L |—— |≤103 个/L |
| |bacteria group | | | | | | |
3.2.2.3 Processing plan on wastewater treatment and renovated water
1) the process flow of wastewater treatment and renovated water.
According to the requirements for inflow and outflow water quality of this sub-project, it is recommended that A/A/O process be selected for the secondary treatment, and for renovated water treatment, a three-stage process of coagulation – sedimentation – filtration shall be adopted.
See Figure 3.2-2 for the process flow of wastewater treatment and renovated water.
2) Other processes
← Chlorine dioxide sterilizing method is adopted for sterilization process. For pathogenic microbe, the extermination capacity of chlorine dioxide is higher than chlorine. As it does not react with ammonia, it can be provided with high sterilizing power even though under alkaline condition, and it can exterminate alga. Simultaneously, chlorine dioxide can cause high oxidization effect and can remove chroma in water favorably, and this enables the outflow water quality to be improved largely; furthermore, the removing effect can be improved further by combination use of chlorine dioxide and coagulant.
← Biological method is selected for deodorization process. By this method, contaminations including low concentration hydrogen disulfide, ammonia, and VOCS etc. can be removed effectively; the deodorization effects are well without secondary pollution, and the operating cost is very low.
← Direct condensation and dewatering treatment is adopted for sludge treatment process. For direct condensation and dewatering treatment, no digestion tank need be built, and this can save a large number of capital construction investment and routine maintenance cost. Those forming machineries with high performances and simper operating method shall be selected for condensation and dewatering, so that floor area and unpleasant odor can be reduced. Before condensation and dewatering, polyacrylamide shall be added, so as to be easy for sludge condensation and dewatering.
3.2.3 Wuliangsuhai Lake Area Treatment Sub-project
3.2.3.1 Features
The steps and contents of Wuliangsuhai Lake Area Comprehensive Treatment Sub-projects are as follows:
Determination of treatment scope →comprehensive treatment (excavation of grid water channel, and construction of biological transition zone artificial wetland)→restoration of favorable ecological environment
The purposes of Wuliangsuhai Lake Area Comprehensive Treatment Sub-projects are to reduce surface source pollution load, restore ecological functions of the lake area, slow down the biological leveling up speed, and improve water circulation in the lake area.
For this project, there are totally 2 Wuliangsuhai Lake area comprehensive treatment sub-projects, i.e., Wuliangsuhai Lake Area Pastoral Grid Water Channel Sub-project, and Wuliangsuhai Lake Biological Transition Zone Artificial Wetland Sub-project.
(1) Wuliangsuhai Lake Area Pastoral Grid Water Channel Sub-project
(2) Wuliangsuhai Lake Biological Transition Zone Artificial Wetland Sub-project
3.2.3.2 Grid water channel excavation in the lake area
1) Arrangement of construction activities
← Construction time
The non-irrigation period of Wuliangsuhai Lake is from December to the next April. The thickness of ice layer in Wuliangsuhai Lake is 70-80cm; construction can be carried out in shallow area during the congelation period, e.g., more shallow than 80cm. For those deep areas, in consideration of excavation and the bearing capacity of transportation, construction shall be carried out after the lake surface is iced out, i.e. from Nov. to the next Apr., and under such weather conditions that the wind class is less than 6 and fog class is less than 2.
← Excavation work load
The sediments in the upper layer (as per a thickness of 40cm) are about 1,180,000m3, and the undisturbed soil in the lower layer is about 2,170,000m3, totally 3,350,000m3.
← dredging equipment
[pic][pic]
Figure 3.2-3 Density distribution of reed and float grass
Float grass at the bottom of Wuliangsuhai Lake is flourishing; especially the tough reed root system and developing float grass rootstalk will wind the cutter head and disturb the work, so that the work efficiency is reduced, Density distribution of reed and float grass show in Figure 3.2-3. according to the test results of dredging in Suzhou River of Shanghai, if there is garbage or float grass, it is very easy for cutter-suction dredger to be blocked up, and this usually causes shutdown and lower production efficiency. Therefore, in combination with the dredging effects and environment impact, for the area where reed and other float grass are flourishing, it is recommended that 0.8-1.2 m3 type hydraulic backhoe dredger be adopted, whereas for the sediments in the upper layer where there are less float grass, grab dredger shall be adopted. See Table 3.2-29 for the main specifications and parameters.
Table 3.2-29 Main specifications and parameters of selected dredger
|SN |Index |0.75 m3 grab dredger |0.8~.2 m3 backhoe dredger |
|1 |Main diesel engine |100 kW |118 kW |
|2 |Total length |22.3 m | |
|3 |Width |7.0 m | |
|4 |Maximum excavation depth |10 m |Maximum excavation depth6.5 m |
|5 |Sea gage |0.8 m |0.5 m |
|6 |Maximum excavation radius |8.50 m |8.50 m |
|7 |Bucket capacity |0.75 m3 |0.8~1.2 m3 |
|8 |Design production |80 m3/h |80~100 m3/h |
| |efficiency | | |
2) Technical proposals
(1) Grid water channel excavation work and transportation process
① The process flow of water channel excavation is as follows:
Dredging →shipment →water carriage →loading/unloading at the pier →land carriage →substrate sludge dumping
②The excavation sequence shall be:
Zone 1 and Zone 2 can be excavated simultaneously, and Zone 3 and 4 can be excavated simultaneously. As a whole, the excavation shall be from upper reaches to lower reaches, and can be commenced simultaneously in the whole lake area if the construction period is short.
③Water channel plane positioning:
GPS positioning stake and guy rope shall be adopted for marking out the trend of outflow course. Longitudinal sign shall be arranged in the central line of dredged channel and designed upper opening boundary, and transverse sign shall be arranged at the construction boundary of the starting and stopping point of the dredged channel and in the straight reaches of curve bend.
④Trend of the excavation line:
As shown in Figure 3.2-4, the whole lake area is divided into 4 zones, each of which is with a corresponding substrate sludge dumping site. The dredger shall commence the excavation along the water channel trend. The overall sequence of water channel excavation shall be from the upper reaches to the lower reaches.
⑤Dredging:
The dredger shall begin to work with support of tugboat. The bow shall be arranged in the direction of the lower reaches; a traverse anchor shall be provided on both sides and a stern retracting anchor is provided respectively, and totally 4 anchors to fix or move the ship position; cable length is less than 50m. Before trial excavation, measure the water depth at the bottom, and control the down letting depth of backhoe on the basis of the water level.
The sediments in the upper layer, which is about 40cm, and substrate sludge in the lower layer shall be excavated respectively, and they shall be transported and stored separately.
During operation, firstly insert 3 work piles into water and hold them down to the water bottom till the blow tilts to a height, so as to fix the hull; and then, start up the lifting, bulldozing, and turning devices of dipper machine to carry out shoveling and excavation jointly. The work pile at the end shall also be used for supporting the recoil caused by shoveling and excavation and controlling the direction to move forward the ship position. For the shoveled substrate sludge, use turning device to turn the dipper to be overhead the sludge barge, and use the dipper starting mechanism to open the rod bolt and buffer spring, so that the dipper bottom can be open under deadweight and the load, so as to discharge the sludge.
For the area with shallow water (e.g. less shallow than 80cm), construction may be carried out in winter, so that excavator can be operating directly on the ice surface, and transporter can be directly driven on the ice surface.
⑥Shipment:
The dredged sludge shall be transferred and loaded onto the barge berthed beside. After a fleet (5 barges) is loaded orderly, use tugboat to drag to the dumping site.
⑦Transportation method:
Use sludge barge and sludge carrier jointly to transport the substrate sludge. Use backhoe dredger to load the dredged substrate sludge directly into sludge barge berthed beside the dredger; and then, use sludge barge to transport the sediments from the upper layer and undisturbed soil form the lower layer separately. For this, the sediments from the upper layer shall be loaded into 5 barges and be dragged by a tugboat to the temporary pier nearby, and the barge can be berthed for discharge before the sludge is transferred to transporter and then be transported to the dumping site nearby; the undisturbed soil from the lower layer shall also be loaded into 5 barges but be dragged by a tugboat to the artificial island area as planned in the center of the lake. Finally, the tugboat shall drag the empty barge from the site back to the dredging working area and wait for loading again.
In winter, the transporter can directly be driven on the ice surface, so the transportation shall be easier.
⑧Dumping and stacking:
Use the grab bucket of fixed type tower crane to grab and excavate the substrate sludge from the barge and unload to the dump truck in temporary pier, and then, transports the substrate sludge to the dumping site to fill the wide trench, without further special anhydration treatment.
[pic]
Figure 3.2-4 Layout of water channel excavation and substrate sludge stacking
(2) Substrate sludge dumping site
The substrate sludge in the upper layer of the lake bottom is mainly sediments, and the area is about 1,180,000m3. After excavation, the substrate sludge from this part shall be transported to 4 dumping sites for stacking treatment.
The substrate sludge in the lower layer is mainly unpolluted soil, and the area is about 2,170,000m3. It shall mainly be used for stacking of artificial island in the lake area and shall not be transported outwards. According to the tourism plan on Wuliangsuhai Lake, many artificial islands will be built up in the lake area. see Figure 3.2-4 for the details of artificial islands.
① Location of substrate sludge dumping site
According to the space around Wuliangsuhai Lake area, earthwork of water channel in the lake area and the space distribution, 4 substrate sludge dumping sites shall be arranged. See Figure 3.2-4 and Table 3.2-19 for the details.
Table 3.2-19 Details of substrate sludge dumping sites
|SN OF dumping |Name |Location |Floor area |Capacity |
|site | | |(Mu) |(10,000m2) |
|1 |DawanggedanDumping Site |Near Dawanggedan (40°02’34’’N, 108°50’31”E) |150 |15 |
|2 |Beilongtai Dumping Site |Near Beilongtai (40°57’39’’N, 108°50’19”E) |150 |15 |
|3 |Huihuigou Dumping Site |On the south bank in the lake area, near |400 |40 |
| | |Huihuigou (40°49’53’’N, 108°47’04”E) | | |
|4 |Yuchang Dumping site |In the northeast of Wuliangsuhai Lake |500 |50 |
| | |(40°52’03’’N, 108°51’35”E) | | |
|Total |1200 |120 |
Dumping Site 1 is located in the space near Dawanggedan between Reed Field 4 (Military Farm) and the lake wall of the large lake, and the floor area is about 150Mu; Dumping Site 2 is located in the space between Sifenchang and Beilongtai, and the floor area is about 150Mu; Dumping Site 3 is located in the space on the south bank of Wuliangsuhai Lake and near Huihuigou, and the floor area is 400Mu; Dumping Site 4 is located in the space in the northeast of Wuliangsuhai Lake Fishing Ground, and the floor area is 500Mu. The total area is 1200Mu.
Around the 4 substrate sludge dumping sites, there are only a few residents, and little environment impact will be caused. Highways are provided towards the outside, so the traffic conditions are good.
② Design for substrate sludge dumping site
The sediments in the upper layer are with high water contents, and they shall be filled and leveled up in wide trench.
← Dimensions of the wide trench:
The trench is 30m wide, and each is 60m long. It shall be excavated locally downwards, and the excavated earthwork shall be used for building dumping site embankment and isolation dam, and then be leveled up. The substrate sludge shall be stacked up to 2m high.
← Dimensions of embankment and isolation dam:
For the embankment, the top width is 4m, outside slope is 1:2.0, and inside slope is 1:1.5; for the inside isolation dam of dumping site, the top width is 3m and slope is 1:1.5.
← Anti-seepage system:
No drainage system shall be arranged in wide trench in the landfill area, and seepage interception ditch shall be excavated around the landfill area; ditch slope shall be provided; the ditch bottom is 1.0m wide, and excavation depth shall be 1.5m. After the filtering water is collected in the effusion well, it shall be pumped to the near reed field or the lake.
As the filtering water is actually interstitial water of the substrate sludge, we can analyze the content of dissolvable nutritive matter in the interstitial water. Select 10 points from the distribution map of monitoring points for substrate sludge in the lake area, and analyze the content of nutritive salt in the interstitial water of substrate sludge. See Table 3.2-20 for the analysis results.
Table 3.2-20 analysis of nutritive salt in interstitial water of substrate sludge in Wuliangsuhai Lake area
|Sampling point and location|Water body |TN |NH3-N |NO3- |TP |
| | |mg/L |
|1 |Interstitial water |24.15 |18.11 |0.30 |0.49 |
| |Overlying water |26.62 |18.28 |0.22 |0.54 |
|4 |Interstitial water |14.54 |10.78 |0.21 |0.29 |
| |Overlying water |13.33 |11.40 |0.12 |0.19 |
|5 |Interstitial water |79.65 |70.01 |0.42 |1.96 |
| |Overlying water |77.06 |68.13 |0.35 |3.82 |
|9 |Interstitial water |4.50 |2.00 |0.31 |0.23 |
| |Overlying water |4.97 |1.40 |0.16 |0.57 |
|10 |Interstitial water |50.95 |43.99 |0.26 |2.15 |
| |Overlying water |46.31 |39.99 |0.23 |1.95 |
|14 |Interstitial water |4.61 |2.66 |0.12 |0.14 |
| |Overlying water |4.86 |1.37 |0.16 |0.35 |
|16 |Interstitial water |3.25 |0.86 |0.25 |0.06 |
| |Overlying water |4.01 |1.16 |0.13 |0.11 |
|17 |Interstitial water |13.08 |8.03 |0.68 |0.18 |
| |Overlying water |13.60 |11.63 |0.13 |0.20 |
|18 |Interstitial water |5.27 |1.39 |0.41 |0.10 |
| |Overlying water |4.51 |3.25 |1.33 |0.28 |
From Table 3.2-20, it can be found that the difference of concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, potassium nitrate, and total phosphorus in the interstitial water and overlying water of substrate sludge is not large, so the filtering water can be directly drained into the reed field nearby or into the lake and the effects on the water body will be small.
← Design for road surface:
The major road in dumping site shall be clay bound macadam pavement, and the thickness shall be 30cm.
← Safety enclosure:
In order to ensure safety of the landfill area, a 2.5m high fixed type wire mesh enclosure shall be provided around the landfill area.
← Temporary auxiliary production and administration zone:
The operating time period of landfill and treatment of substrate sludge shall be 5 years. In order to ensure normal operation during sludge landfill and treatment, an auxiliary administration zone shall be provided beside the landfill area, so as to manage routine operation and store machineries, and provide back office service etc.
The area of temporary auxiliary production and administration zone is 250m2, mainly including temporary buildings adopting light steel structure. 2-3 persons are arranged for management of the site.
(3) Temporary pier work
① Location of temporary pier
4 temporary piers shall be provided and used for loading the dredged substrate sludge from the upper layer, which shall be transferred to 4 substrate sludge landfill areas. See Table 3.2-21and Figure 3.2-4 for the details.
Table 3.2-21 Details of temporary piers
|SN |Location |Corresponding dumping site |Berth length (m)|Tonnage of berth |
| | | | |(t) |
|1 |Near Dawanggedan (41°02’32’’N, 108°50’44”E) |Dawanggedan Dumping Site |100 |200 |
| | |(Dumping Site 1) | | |
|2 |Near Beilongtai (40°57’33’’N, 108°50’29”E) |Beilongtai Dumping Site |100 |200 |
| | |(Dumping Site 2) | | |
|3 |On the south bank in the lake area, near Huihuigou |Huihuigou Dumping Site |100 |200 |
| |(40°50’06’’N, 108°47’01”E) |(Dumping Site 3) | | |
|4 |In the northeast of Wuliangsuhai Lake (40°52’17’’N, |Yuchang Dumping Site (Dumping |100 |200 |
| |108°51’16”E) |Site 4) | | |
② Design for temporary piers
← Design elevation and water depth:
The design elevation of berthing face shall be the design high water level plus superelevation. The high water level is 1019.00 m and superelevation is taken as 0.5m, so the design elevation of berthing face is 1019.00+0.5=1019.50m; the design water level of pier is 1018.05m, so the bottom elevation of the berthing water area in front of the pier is 1018.05-1.60=1016.45m, and the design water depth in front of the pier is 1.6 m.
← Length and width of the pier:
There are totally 3 freight berths at the pier, so the water front of the pier shall be long enough to enable 3 200t freight ships to berth simultaneously. The pier is 100m long and 20m wide.
③ Structural design of temporary pier
Take reinforced concrete buttress as main structure of the pier, of which the top surface elevation is 1019.5m, riser thickness is 300 mm, and a 300 mm broken-stone course is provided. Poured block stone is provided in front of the wall as washboard. For ship fender, D300×L2000 type is adopted; the space between berths is 3m, and 150KN single eave bollard is adopted. See Figure 3.2-7 for the detailed section.
[pic]
Figure 3.2-7 Section of the pier structure
3.2.3.3 Pilot project of agricultural non-point source pollution treatment
1) Significance of demonstration for non-point source pollution control
For treatment of aquatic environment in Bayannaoer City, many kinds of pollution shall be revolved, but mainly includes point source and non-point source pollution. Along with the gradual control over industrial and city point source pollution, non-point source pollution will become a confinement factor for improvement of aquatic environment of the irrigation area in the upper reaches of Wuliangsuhai Lake. Therefore, according to the basic agricultural production state of Hetao Irrigation Area in Bayannaoer City, and on the basis of Control over Farmland Subsiding Water Pollution in Irrigation Area in the Upper Reaches of Huanghe River and Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Wetland Restoration, which has been started for special national water project, in this project, local control and treatment for subsiding water pollution are expanded, and a combined treatment concept of “reducing the number of sources, controlling the process, and treating the terminals” is embodied. In the special demonstration plot in Hetao Irrigation Area in Bayannaoer City, the demonstration of nitrogen and phosphorus control shall be extended, so as to provide an action plan for further control over the subsiding water pollution in the irrigation area.
2) Location of demonstration plot
Inner Mongolia Drainage Field 9 Beichang Branch Ditch Demonstration Plot is located in Beichang Community of Xiangqinghua Village of Beigedu Township in Wulate Qianqi, Inner Mongolia, and Tabu Community of Dengcundian Village. It is in the northwest of Wulate Qianqi, and 30km away from Wulate Qianqi (108°33′47″E, 40°45′29″N). To the demonstration plot, the east is National Highway 110, the south is Tabu Trunk Canal of Hetao Irrigation Area, and the west is Branch Canal 4 and the north is Beigedu Township highway in Wulate Qianqi (Figure 3.2-6).
[pic]
Figure 3.2-6 Demonstration plot of Beichang Branch Ditch in Drainage Field 9 of Hetao Irrigation Area in Inner Mongolia
3) Backgrounds
For Inner Mongolia Drainage Field 9 Beichang Branch Ditch Demonstration Plot, water is mainly diverted from Huanghe River for gravity irrigation; the farmland and ditch and road are planned normatively, and the landform is flat. Irrigation canal system mainly is comprised of Tabu Trunk Canal and Branch Canal 4; farmland subsiding water is mainly from open drainage, lateral seepage, and seepage, and then is drained into Beichang Branch Ditch and finally into the Trunk Canal 9. For the demonstration plot, there are 10 villager groups of Beichang Community in Beigedu Township and 6 villager groups of Tabu Community in Dengcundian Village involved, the cultivated area is about 4500Mu, 1100 farmer households, and the population is 3620.
In recent years, sunflower, corn, wheat, and oil sunflower are mainly planted in the Demonstration Plot. Calculated as per straight gash canal, the annual water consumption has been 2,000,000-2,500,000m3. According to the soil fertileness, the farmland has been provided with medium-high yield. The average yield of sunflower per Mu is 150kg, corn is 400kg, and wheat is 300kg. Pesticide and chemical fertilizer has been adopted at a high level, for which, the sunflower per Mu is RMB120 Yuan, corn is RMB100 Yuan, oil sunflower is RMB100 Yuan, and wheat is RMB360 Yuan.
This demonstration plot is very representative in the irrigation area in Inner Mongolia. For the demonstration plot, the supporting facilities for irrigation and drainage are provided at a high level, and investment in agricultural chemical fertilizer and production level are also high; supporting facilities for channels at lower levels are provided well, and the gradient ratio of channel is 1/6000. Therefore, the demonstration plot shall be an ideal site for research of the features of farmland subsiding water pollution.
4) Contents of non-point source control demonstration and promotion
Control over agricultural source pollution in the irrigation area is a non-point source control system project, which shall be carried out by stages and be promoted from experiment unit to the whole irrigation area. For the demonstration, the key contents include demonstration and promotion of key technologies for nitrogen and phosphorus control for the main crops on the basis of reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in farmland subsiding water, and that of the integrating technologies for wetland restoration polluted by farmland subsiding water in the irrigation area.
The promotion of controlling technologies for non-point source pollution in the demonstration plot shall be combined in the appropriation budget of World Bank project, and the main contents are as follows:
(1) Demonstration of promotion of water saving technologies to reduce running off of nitrogen and phosphorus
On the basis of the irrigation management technology optimizing water saving in the demonstration plot, utilize laser grader to level up and divide the farmland into blocks to optimize water saving technology, so as to reduce farmland subsiding water amount and reduce funning off of nitrogen and phosphorus contamination and farmland subsiding water pollution. The area is 4500Mu.
(2) Demonstration of fertilization technology
For the representative crops in the demonstration plot, under soil determination and fertilizing technologies, utilize advanced fertilizing machines for accurate fertilization and demonstration, so as to reduce the amount of applied fertilizer, improve utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, and reduce farmland subsiding water pollution caused by running off of nitrogen and phosphorus. The area of accurate fertilization and demonstration by fertilizing machines is 1000Mu, and that artificial fertilization and demonstration for nitrogen and phosphorus control is 200Mu.
(3) Economic considerations for farmers
The farmers participating in the non-point source pollution in the irrigation area must change the former cultivation, fertilization, irrigation habits but put in more energy, labors, and financial power, so it is necessary for an amount of economic grant to be provided for the farmers. During execution of the project, random investigation should be carried out for the farmers, who are totally 150 households, and questionnaires of fertilization and feedback sheets of compounded fertilizing farmland plot management and record shall be prepared, which are totally 1200 sheets; additionally, sign board shall also be made to provide for the investigated farmer household. Furthermore, sample 50 households of farmers for evaluation of irrigation water consumption, fertilization, and effects of subsiding water reinjection and crop growing etc.
(4) Field investigation and testing
Provide field investigation for the demonstration plot, divide sampling units; investigate the basic properties of the sampled plots, production of foregoing crops, and fertilization state etc., and the surface water environment conditions in the demonstration plot; investigate and sample the background value of farmland subsiding water pollution state, and monitor, compare and test the effects data after demonstration.
(5) Propaganda and promotion
On the basis of doing well technical training, deploy fertilizer supply systematically, distribute the proposal card for fertilizing and subsiding water reinjection, and provide fertilization direction for the farmers, so as to change any unreasonable habit, such as blindly fertilizing, excessive fertilization, or preference for nitrogenous fertilizer, and improve the scientific fertilizing level. According to the farmer fertilization questionnaires, analysis result of soil, and fertilizer demand of crops, develop more than 40000 proposal cards for soil determination and compound fertilization, which shall be distributed by the agricultural technicians and village committees, and be signed by the householders for confirmation after receiving.
(6) Technical training
Firstly do well the technical training for the technicians. By improving the technical level of the technician team, enhance further the training for the peasants and related technicians. Secondly, by means of broadcasting, TV, newspapers and periodicals, technical information, teaching courses, and on-the-spot meeting, enhance propaganda and training work, and direct the peasants to execute subsiding water technologies, so as to improve the farmers' consciousness of fertilization and water saving, and popularize scientific fertilization technologies and knowledge. It is planned that there will be 75 training courses, more than 330 peasants and 40 technicians will be trained, and 750 banners will be prepared and hung up.
(7) Construction of software and hardware for database
On the basis of field investigation, farmers' fertilization state, field experiment, and analysis and test data, collect and work up the field experiment of fertilizer and soil monitoring data on the whole irrigation area in each year, by means of computer technologies, GIS, and GPS, establish databases at all levels for physical and chemical properties of soil, fertilizer efficiency, routine fertilization, irrigation water consumption, and subsiding water reinjection in different areas.
3.2.3.4 Wuliangsuhai Lake biological transition zone artificial wetland
1) Arrangement of construction activities
① Quantity of Works
See Table 3.2-22 for plan layout quantity of works of Main Trunk Canal Wetland.
Table 3.2-22 Work load of Main Trunk Canal Wetland
|Name |Work load |Unit |Remarks |
|1. Reinforcement of original lake wall |87500 |m3 |Including excavation, |
| | | |backfilling, and compaction |
|2. Reinforcement of original box dam |717000 |m3 |Including excavation, |
| | | |backfilling, and compaction |
|3. Newly built dike |90000 | |in the lake |
|4. Main Trunk Canal inflow rubber dam |1 |Set | |
|Earthwork excavation |25000 |m3 | |
|Earthwork backfilling |7000 |m3 | |
|Backing concrete C10 |350 |m3 | |
|Concrete C25W6F150 |6000 |m3 | |
|Rebar fabrication and installation |350 |t | |
|Base mat |1600 |m2 | |
|Dam bag |1000 |m2 | |
|Rubber sealing material, 651 type, and |2 |Batch | |
|accessories | | | |
|5. Wetland inflow rubber dam |1 |Set | |
|Earthwork excavation |13000 |m3 | |
|Earthwork backfilling |4000 |m3 | |
|Backing concrete C10 |170 |m3 | |
|Concrete C25W6F150 |3265 |m3 | |
|Rebar fabrication and installation |150 |t | |
|Base mat |700 |m2 | |
|Dam bag |900 |m2 | |
|Rubber sealing material, 651 type, and |1 |Batch | |
|accessories | | | |
|6. Water distribution canal | | | |
|Earthwork excavation and filling |75075.0 | | |
|Local concrete protective slope |5200 |m3 |Protective slope at canal |
| | | |crotch |
|7. Drainage lift pumping station | | | |
|Vertical axial flow pump |6 |Set |ZL5612-8 |
|Earthwork excavation and filling |150000 |m3 | |
|Reinforced concrete |5000 |m2 | |
|Concrete mat |210 |m3 | |
|Cement laid stone masonry |330 |m3 | |
|Filter material |260 |m3 | |
|Rebar |350 |Ton | |
|Power distribution and transmission line and |1 |Set | |
|transformer | | | |
|8. Diversion dam |458400 |m3 | |
|9. Stabilization pond | | | |
|Earthwork excavation and transportation |1262900 |m3 | |
|10. Air and water channel | | |宽20m, 深1m |
|Earthwork excavation and transportation |200000 |m3 | |
|11. Wetland outflow rubber dam |3 |Set | |
|Earthwork excavation |45000 |m3 | |
|Earthwork backfilling |7000 |m3 | |
|Backing concrete C10 |900 |m3 | |
|Concrete C25W6F150 |11000 |m3 | |
|Rebar fabrication and installation |900 |t | |
|Base mat |1500 |m2 | |
|Dam bag |2500 |m2 | |
|Rubber sealing material, 651 type, and |2 |Batch | |
|accessories | | | |
|12. Aeration pond | | | |
|Aeration hose |4000 |m | |
|Stay tube |3000 |m | |
|Oxygen increasing machine |20 |Set | |
|Earthwork excavation and transportation |37500 |m3 | |
|Concrete foundation pier |300 |Block | |
|Air compressor house (including heating and |800 |m2 | |
|electric facilities) | | | |
|13. Protective slope of soil biological works|6.8 |Km | |
|14. Vertical paving geomembrane |40 |Km | |
② Construction machinery
According organization and design for construction, the lake wall shall be constructed as a key line, and the total construction period shall be controlled within 2 years; other works shall be completed within the total construction period.
See Table 3.2-23 for the details of construction machinery.
Table 3.2-23 Main construction machineries
|SN |Name of machine |Unit |Quantity |Remarks |
|Earthwork |Bulldozer (103 kW) |Set |24 | |
|machines | | | | |
| |Cutter-suction dredger |Set |6 | |
| |Excavator (1 m3) |Set |25 | |
| |Tractor (74 kW) |Set |15 | |
| |Frog kick tamper |Set |120 | |
|Concrete machines|Concrete mixer (0.8 m3) |Set |15 | |
| |Immersion vibrator |Set |39 | |
|Transportation |Truck (5 t) |辆 |26 | |
|machines | | | | |
| |Dump truck |辆 |35 | |
| |Diesel dumper |辆 |45 | |
| |Rubber wheel barrow |辆 |10 | |
|auxiliary |Truck crane (5 t) |Set |7 | |
|machines | | | | |
| |Diesel-engine generator |Set |5 | |
| |Submersible pump |Set |20 | |
2) Engineering proposal
(1) Process flow
See Figure 3.2-7 for process flow of biological transition zone artificial wetland
Being lifted from the original lift pumping station, the wastewater from Main Trunk Canal will be sent into the time delay wetland system. The water canal from the afterbay of Main Trunk Canal to the large lake can be used as sedimentation canal and be cleaned up every 7 years, and aeration facilities shall be provided simultaneously. At the juncture between the water canal and the large lake, 2 sets of rubber dams shall be provided, one of which is used for controlling the wastewater entering into the artificial wetland, and the other for temporary water release. After flowing into the wetland, the wastewater flows through the crossed zone of reed zone and pond system (zone without reed and that excavated deeply); if necessary, aeration and oxygen increasing measures may be taken (mainly for improving removal ratio of contamination in congelation period of winter), so as to improve purification effects of wetland. After flowing through the circuitous wetland passage, the wastewater flows into the large lake from the juncture between the small lake and large lake through 3 rubber dams, which bear 20%, 20%, and 60% of the outflow respectively. At the outlet, a set of 30m3/s drainage pumping station shall be built up to reduce the wetland water level and drain wetland wastewater, so that reed yield can be improved on the one hand, and on the other hand, after the wastewater is drained, it will be advantageous for oxidization of the substrate sediments, so as to improve the purification effects of wetland and reduce pollution release from the substrate sludge. The outflow rubber dam, pump location, and water distribution shall be determined by analog computation, and this will be more favorable for optimization of flow field.
[pic]
Figure 3.2-7 Flow of artificial strengthening process in the wetland
[pic]
Figure 3.2-8 Design for wetland works
(2) Original pumping station
For inflow of Main Trunk Canal Wetland, the original Honggebo Lift Pumping Station (new) shall be adopted.
By model generalization of the wetlands and adopting MAKE 11 for analog computation, it is obtained that the total water head loss from inlet to the outlet of Main Trunk Canal Wetland is less than 30cm, the design water level of forebay of Honggebo Lift Pumping Station is 1017.5m, the highest lift is 2.97m, the design lift is 2.19m, and the water level after lifting can reach 1019.69m. Honggebo Lift Pumping Station can meet the inflow requirements of Main Trunk Canal Artificial Wetland.
① Honggebo Lift Pumping Station (new)
See Table 3.2-26 for the operating characteristics of Honggebo Lift Pumping Station (new).
Table 3.2-26 Operating characteristic of Honggebo Lift Pumping Station (new)
|SN |Name |Unit |Quantity |Remarks |
|1 |Pump |Set |6 |2500ISKM diagonal flow type axial flow pump |
| |Electric motor |Set |6 |TDXZ-630-36/2150 |
|2 |Transformer substation |kv |35 |S4-630/10 |
|3 |High voltage supply |kv |6 | |
|4 |Installed capacity |km |3780 | |
|5 |Design lift |m |2.19 | |
| |The highest lift |m |2.97 | |
| |The lowest lift |m |1.6 | |
|6 |Design flow rate |m3/s |100 | |
|7 |Design water level | | | |
| |Forebay water level |m |1017.50 | |
| |Afterbay water level |m | | |
(3) Water distribution canal in Main Trunk Canal Wetland
For the water distribution canal Main Trunk Canal Wetland, the top width shall be 40m, water depth shall be 1.5m, and gradient shall be 1:1 and length 1.3km. The high wall shall be precast concrete block protective slope. An outlet shall be provided every 200m.
(4) Lake wall, box dam, and diversion dam
The lake wall between reed field and the large lake shall be reinforced on the basis of the original lake wall, most of which has been 2.0-2.5m wide and 1019.0-1019.6m high, but some of which has disappeared. The old wall to be reinforced is 22km long. On the basis of a normal lake water level of 1018.5m, the lifted lake water level elevation shall be 1019.3m, and design lake wall elevation is determined as per 1020.0; for the width, in consideration of stability in water and traffic requirements, the top width shall be 5.0m, gradient 1:2.0, and height 2.5m. For the drainage pumping station, soil biological works protective slope shall be adopted.
For the box dam between reed field in artificial wetland and external outside or the space, reinforcement shall be carried out on the basis of the original dike; the top width shall be 5m, gradient 1:2 and height 2.5m. At the place where water conditions are changed largely, soil biological works protective slope shall be adopted.
When wastewater flows from Reed Field 4 (Military Farm) to Reed Field 2, it shall be driven along the large lake to the inner side, so a 4km dike shall be newly built in the large lake, and it will form a passage for the flow with the original lake wall. The passage shall be 1000m wide and the lake wall shall be 4.0m wide, and gradient 1:2.0 and height 2.5m.
For the diversion dam in reed field, the top width shall be 2.0m, gradient 1:2, and height 2m. At the place where water conditions are changed largely, precast concrete block protective slope shall be adopted.
(5) Vertical paving geomembrane
Between the box dam of artificial wetland and external outside or the space, vertical paving geomembrane method shall be adopted for anti-seepage, and the buried depth shall be 8m. The geomembrane shall be paved along the outside of box dam of Main Trunk Canal Wetland, and that of Trunk Canal 8 Wetland and Trunk Canal 9 Wetland.
(6) Air and water channel
Air and water channel shall be provided for reed field. The top width shall be 20m, and excavation depth 1m and gradient 1:1. The purpose of air and water channel shall mainly be increase ventilation, and this is favorable for growing up of reed.
(7) Pond series
When reed field box dam, lake wall, and diversion dam are used in construction, the space or water ditch formed by earthwork excavation or the original space in reed field shall be used as stabilization pond system in wetland, and the earthwork excavation depth shall be controlled within about 1m; the total volume of the pond is equal to the volume of earthwork required by the structures, such as box dam, diversion dam, and lake wall, and the total is about 1,670,000m3. The earthwork shall be leveled up within the construction site and not transported to outside.
(8) Main Trunk Canal Wetland Drainage Pumping Station
Main Trunk Canal Wetland Lift Pumping Station is at the end of Main Trunk Canal Wetland, and the design drainage flow rate is 30m3/s.
The inflow part of the pumping station is composed of diversion canal, intake sluice (also as trash screen), forebay, and receiving basin. The forebay shall be in open style, similar to a rectangle, inflow in forward direction, and 25m long; for side wall, RC cantilever type retaining wall shall be adopted. In front of the intake sluice, cement laid stone masonry shall be adopted for covering. The receiving basin of pumping station shall be in rectangle style, the length in downstream flow direction shall be 10m; for the side wall, RC cantilever type wing wall shall be adopted. The intake sluice shall be in open style, and the top elevation of sluice bottom board 1019.00m. There are totally 4 sluice openings, for each of which, the net width shall be 5m. The length in downstream flow direction of the sluice chamber shall be 9m. For the front section, 4 control gates shall be provided, and for the rear section, 4 tilting trash screens be provided. Over the sluice, temporary bridge and starting up and shutdown machine room shall be provided.
The pump chamber shall be behind the dam and be wet type. The upper part shall be in RC framed structure, and the lower part RC pier wall structure. The top elevation of bottom board of the pump chamber shall be 1011.65m, the length in downstream flow direction 12m, and vertical 23.4m. The auxiliary plant shall be arranged beside the lower reach of the main pump room, and in parallel with the later.
The outflow part of the pumping station shall be composed of afterbay, an access bridge across the dam, and exit channel. In which, the afterbay shall be in RC structure, and the length in downstream flow direction shall be 16.6m. There are totally 3 openings for the access bridge, and the net width of each opening shall be 4.2m; the bottom elevation shall be 1015.80m, and the length in downstream flow direction shall be 5m; the exit channel shall be 15m long. The side wall shall be RC cantilever type retaining wall, and spread section shall be connected to the exit channel.
In the station, 6 sets of vertical axial flow pump shall be installed, in which 5 sets shall be used and 1 for standby. The type of axial flow pump shall be Zl5650-8, and the flow rate of single unit 6.00 m3/s. For each pump, 1 set of 6KV and 400kW vertical synchronous motor of type TL400-16-××× shall be provided, of which the installed capacity shall be 2000 KW.
For the intake sluice, 4X5mX3m plane fixed steel gate shall be provided.
(10) Rubber dam
For Main Trunk Canal Wetland, 3 outflow rubber dams shall be provided, which shall bear 20%, 20%, and 60% of the outflow. At the juncture between Honggebo Lift Pumping Station and the large lake, 2 rubber dams shall be provided; the one shall be used for controlling water entering into the artificial wetland, of which the water flow rate shall be 29m2/sec, and the other shall be drained directly into the large lake, and the water flow rate through rubber dam shall be 100m2/sec.
After flowing through the artificial wetland, some of the wastewater volume shall be lost due to the evaporation of plant in the wetland and that from water surface. According to the reed evaporation data from Zhalong Wetland Administration, the annual reed evaporation volume is 390mm; in consideration of evaporation from water surface and downward seepage, it is estimated that the water volume loss is up to 20%.
According to the calculation of water volume, the design flow rate of the 3 outflow rubber dam of Main Trunk Canal Wetland is 4.6m3/s, 4.6 m3/s, and 13.8 m3/s respectively; for the 2 rubber dams at the juncture between Honggebo Lift Pumping Station and the large lake, the design flow rate into the rubber dam is 29 m3/s and that into the large lake is 100 m3/s. See Table 3.2-29 for the main parameters.
Table 3.2-25 Main parameters of the rubber dams
|Name |Design flow |Dam bag drainage |Dam height (m) |Dam length (m) |
| |rate |mode | | |
| |(m3/s) | | | |
|Outflow rubber dam of Main Trunk Canal Wetland |Dam 1 |11.10 |Drainage with dam |1.50 |120.0 |
| | | |bag filled | | |
| |Dam 2 |3.70 |Drainage with dam |1.50 |40.0 |
| | | |bag filled | | |
| |Dam 3 |3.70 |Drainage with dam |1.50 |40.0 |
| | | |bag filled | | |
|Rubber dam at juncture between Honggebo Lift |Dam 1 |100.00 |Drainage with dam |2.00 |90.0 |
|Pumping Station and the large lake | | |bag filled | | |
| |Dam 2 |29.00 |Drainage with dam |2.00 |30.0 |
| | | |bag filled | | |
4. Environmental Baseline
4.1 Profile of Regional Environment
4.1.1 Environmental Profile of Bayannaoer City
4.1.1.1 Natural Environment
1) Geographic Location
Bayannaoer is located in north China’s frontier in west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between 40°13′-42°28′N and 105°12′-109°53′E. It is bounded on the east by Baotou City and Ulanqab League, on the west by Alashan League and on the north by Mongolia and faces Ikchor League across Yellow River to the south. About 378km long from east to west and about 238km wide from north to south, it covers an area of 65,551km2, accounting for 5.46% of the total area.
2) Geological Structure
Bayannaoer geological position steps astride two primary geotectonic elements, namely, Tianshan Mountain-Inner Mongolia-Hinggan Palaeozoic geosynclinal fold region to the north and Sino-Korean paraplatform to the south, which are bordered by Badain Jaran- Wulatehouqi County-Kangbao- Chifeng- Changtu Major Fracture (close to about 42°N). According to different internal structural features, it can be further divided into four secondary and five tertiary tectonic elements. In the long geological age, these tectonic elements underwent different evolvement, showing distinct and different structural features. The complicated geotecture and active tectonic movement here exert a control action on age base, sedimentary formation, magmation and even formation of minerals in this area.
3) Landform
The landform in the whole city clearly falls into three categories: high plains in the north, hills in the middle and plains in the south.
← Urad Plateau
Located in the north part of the city from hills at the foot of north Yinshan Mountain to the south to the national boundary to the north and covering an area of 30,600km2 with an elevation of 1,000-14,00m, it is a part of Inner Mongolian Plateau. It is mainly composed of tertiary river-lake red sandstone and sandy mudstone and quaternary glutenite. Due to strong dry denudation, stony monadnock and deflation hollow are formed. Owing to the lack of rain, wide and shallow riverbed has flows only in wet season to converge at the northern depression to form an interior drainage. To the north of the depression, in the region of frontier of China and Mongolia are sprinkled with dryly denuded monadnocks joining intermittently.
← Hilly Area of Yinshan Mountains
Located in the south of Urad Plateau, it lies in the middle and southeast parts of Bayannaoer from east to west. In terms of the distribution position, it can be divided into three parts: Longshan Mountain, Serteng Mountain and Ural Mountain.
← Hetao Plain
Located in the south part of the city, it can be divided into four parts in terms of landform: Wulanbuhe Desert, Houtao Plain, Ming’an River and Sanhuhe Plain.
Wulanbuhe Desert: spreading out in the southwest of the city, between Langshan Mountain and Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, including most Dengkou County and southwest Hangjinhouqi County, it covers an area of 3,400km2. With an elevation between 1050m and 1030m, it gradually drops down from southeast to northwest, gradient ratio being 1/5000.
Houtao Plain: from Bayan Gol-Siba-Taiyangmiao to the west to Xishanzui, Wuliangsuhai lake to the east and to 1200m contour of the south foot of Langshan Mountain to the north and to the Yellow River to the south, it, about 180km long from west to east and about 60km wide from north to south, is a fan with an area of 10,000km2 and average elevation of 1,050m. It forms a strip of depression belt between the alluvial plain high in the south and low in the north and the proluvial plain high in the north and low in the south, which now is the location of the general arterial drainage of Ugab River and the marsh. Yellow River alluvial plain is the principal part of Houtao Plain, taking up about 3/4 of the plain’s total area. Bordered by Ugab River, it is 40-50km wide from north to south. With flat terrain, the elevation is usually 1,020-1,040m. High in the west and low in the east, the gradient is 1/3,000-1/5,000; High in the south and low in the north, the gradient is 1/4,000-1/8,000; only local part shows gentle rolling.
Ming’an River is located in the intermountain basin to the south of Baiyunchahan Mountain and to the north of Ural Mountain. From the Wuliangsuhai lake to the west to the 1200m contour to the east of Tailiang, it is about 50km long from east to west, taking an area of 1,800km2. The middle part of the basin is fluvial plain, and the north and south parts are fluvial-alluvial plain and piedmont proluvial inclined plain.
Sanhuhe Plain is located between Ural Mountain and Yellow River. From Xishanzui to the west to the boundary of Bayannaoer and Baotou, it is a narrow strip, about 70km long from east to west and 3-15km wide from north to south, taking an area of 700km2.
4) Hydrogeology
Ground water mainly comes from precipitation infiltration and little condensation recharge, its distribution regularities mainly having close relation with such factors as geological structure, lithology, terrain and weather. The distribution of ground water in the city features with gradual decrease from east to west and from south to north.
In terms of distributed burial and water conservation feature, ground water is divided into perched water, phreatic water and confined water (artesian water). In terms of the rock feature of water carrier, ground water in the city can be divided into bedrock fissure water, plateau red earth pore water, quaternary loose rock pore water, quaternary desert aeolian sand pore water, Hetao Plain aeolian quaternary alluvial-proluvial lacustrine formation pore phreatic water and confined water.
5) Climate
Bayannaoer, far away from ocean, dwells on plateau in inland. The climatic characteristics: four distinct seasons, less snow in cold winter, much wind in dry spring, little rain in heated summary and mild and cool autumn. It is typically continental monsoon climate in medium temperate zone.The annual average temperature in Bayannaoer is 3.7-7.6℃. The temperature decreases progressively from southwest to northeast
The average annual precipitation of the city is 188mm, and 177-285mm in the east and 99-184mm in the west. Markedly affected by monsoon, the city has its wind direction varied greatly with season in a year. Under control of Mongolia cyclone during October to the next March, the city is dominated by north wind or northwest wind. The average annual relative humidity is 42-54%, where that in Hetao area is 47-54%, and 42-48% to the north of Yinshan Mountain. The average annual evaporation is 2,032-3,179mm. the average annual hours of sunshine is 3,215.1-3,401.8hrs, and in Hetao area, 3,184.6-3,221.0hrs. The number of sunny day in the city in a year is 109-31, and cloudy day, 42-63.
6） River and Hydrological Features
There are many rivers in Bayannaoer and are divided into two drainage systems by the divide of Yinshan Mountain: Yellow River system to the south and inland river system.
(1)Rivers
Yellow River system: originated from the north foot of Bayan Har Mountains, Qinghai Province, Yellow River flows through Gansu and Ningxia to the city.
Tributaries converging at north bank of Yellow River are gully rivers from Langshan Mountain and Ural Mountain. There are a total of 147 gullies, large or small, in Langshan Mountain, with a catchment area of 13,000 km2. Gullies in Ural Mountain totals 28, with a catchment area of 388 km2,.
Inland river system: the inland river system in the city spread out over the pateau to the north of Yinshan Mountain. Its drainage area is 31,000 km2, including 34 inland rivers, of which, most are seasonal stream.
Lakes: there are 318 lakes taking an area of more than 2ha, with water area of 3,141,555mu. These lakes are scattered over Hetao Plain. Wuliangsuhai Lake, water surface of 44,985mu, the average depth 0.7m, and the storage capacity 209,930,000 m3, is the largest lake in the city, and is the drainage and mountain torrent receiver of Yellow River irrigation region in Hetao Plain as well.
(2)Hydological Features of Rivers
Except Yellow River, the hydrological features of Bayannaoer’s rivers depend on local conditions of precipitation, evaporation and geological geomorphology.
① Yellow River
Flowing from Ningxia to Bayannaoer, Yellow River’s average annual transit water quantity is 31,500,000,000m3. In terms of cause of formation, floods occurred in Yellow River are mainly divided into ice flood and storm flood. Ice flood is a result of melting ice in riverway and release of stored water in river channel. It often occurs in March, also is called ice flood. Storm foold often occurs from July to September. The flood may happen twice to three times a year, and even 5 times in few years. The average volume of flood is 3,000-4,000 m3/s. The sediment concentration in the stretch in Bayannaoer is about 6kg/m3.
② Other Rivers within the City
Brooks in the city are mountain stream, usually with extremely less volume of fresh water. Summer rainstorms result in outbreak of flash flood. With incoming water and flood under control of rainstorm, the brooks experience steep rise and drop in short time. The annual average runoff in the city is 331,000,000m3, where Yellow River system takes up 237,000,000 m3, the inland river system accounts for 94000,000 m3.
（3）Hetao irrigation area
Hetao irrigation area in Bayannaoer has formed a pattern of having irrigation system, having water discharge route and having stable irrigation and discharging, it has become the largest large-scale gravity irrigation area.
Hetao irrigation area involves to all counties in the Bayannaoer, including 108 towns, farms and stations with a total area of 11195.4km2,the irrigation area is 5743.6km2.The drainage system in the Hetao irrigation area includes 7 levels, there are one general drainage ditch ,12 drainage ditches, 60 drainage sub-ditches, 225 branch ditches and about 22000 small ditches, the general drainage ditch is the main project of drainage system, the total length is 257.283km, the drainage area under control is 7583.7 km2,the mountain torrent area under control is 13313 km2 ,the drainage volume accounts for 93% of the total drainage volume in the irrigation area ,the remaining is directly drained into Yellow River through other drainage ditches. The water is flowed into the Ulansuhai at the end of truck, Ulansuhai is main part of irrigation works in Hetao area, it is the only acceptance water body and drainage channel for withdrawal of agriculture irrigation water in the Hetao area, it has accepted more than 90% drainage water in the irrigation area, the drainage water from the Bapaigan and Jiupaigan are directly run into the Ulansuhai ,which account for 14% of the drainage capacity of the general drainage ditch; the total length of export section is 24 km, the drainage area under control is 232.67km2,which account for 3% of the drainage area, the water is excluded into the Yellow River through the export section of general drainage ditch. Shipaigan is directly excluded into the export section, which account for 2% of the drainage capacity of the general drainage ditch.
7）Natural Resources
(1) Land Resources
The total land area of the city is 65,551.5 km2 (98,327,000 mou), which can be classified into seven main categories, including cultivated land, garden plot, wood land, grass land, non-agricultural land, water area and hard-to-use land.
The cultivated area of the city is 7,170,362 mou, totaling 7.3% of the gross land area, about 5.1 mou per capita, which is mainly distributed in Hetao Plain and Northeast Hilly Country. The fruit garden (inclusive of sprinkling garden fruit trees) is 26,471 mou, taking up 0.027% of gross land area, which is mainly distributed in Linhe City, Northwest of Hangjinhouqi County, Bayantela and Chengguan Villages of West Wuyuan County, and Siba, Baleng and Gongdi Villages of Dengkou County. The available forest land area is 1,338,554 mou, occupying 1.36% of gross land area. And the grassland area is 54,622,000 mou, taking up 55.55% of gross land area. The land for urban residents and industrial and mining purposes is 1,059,000 mou, occupying 1.078% of gross land area. The water area is 3,141,500 mou, taking up 3.2%. The hard-to-use land is 30,212,500 mou, occupying 30.73%, which mainly includes 2,799,200 mou saline land, 3,973,500 mou flowing aeolian sandy soil, 23,243,200 mou bare rock and gravel, 1,535 mou marsh and 193,100 mou bare soil.
(2) Water Resources
The water resources of city are made up of surface, underground and cross-border water.
The surface water is from Continental River and Yellow River. The drainage area of Yellow River water system is 34,000 km2, taking up 52% of total city area. The normal runoff is 237 million m3, occupying 71.6% of that of the whole city. The endothermic river is 31,000 km2, taking up 48% of the whole city. And its normal runoff is 94 million m3, taking up 28.4% of the whole city.
The underground water comprehensive recharge capacity of the whole city is 3.21 billion m3 with 1.81 billion m3 workable reserves. The underground water is distributed from east to west and south to north. Along the lower course of Hetao Plain and south of Ugab River, the underground water mineralization degree is more than 3g/l with some area even above 10g/l. Therefore, the water is bad in quality and less in quantity. The hydration type of water is Cl—SO4.
The cross-border water is mainly from Yellow River with a normal runoff of 31.50 billion m3. The interannual and inter-monthly change of annual runoff of Yellow River is great with maximum 50.50 billion m3 and minimum 18.30 billion m3.
Since the establishment of China, Bayannaoer has constructed a lot of projects to make good use of water resources, including 1 Yellow River Sanshenggong Key Project, one 228.9 km general main cannel, 9 sectional projects, 13 main canals totaling 790.1 km, 43 sub-canals totaling 958.30 km and 249 branch canal totaling 1,750 km. Even the piping engineering under Dounong Canal has been provided with some supporting facilities becoming the largest irrigation area controlling canal in China. The existing irrigation area is 6 million mou, which is the foundation for Bayannaoer to develop agriculture. The drainage system has one main arterial drainage totaling 206 km, 13 main stream gullies totaling 508.5 km, 62 sub-main stream gullies totaling 1,032.3 km and 139 branch gullies totaling 206 km. Therefore, the drainage major projects have taken shape. For the sustainable and stable development of agricultural production in Hetao Irrigation Area, the water diversion irrigation from Yellow River is a major condition.
4.1.1.2 Social Environment
1) Administrative Division
At present, Bayannaoer administrative division has 4 banners (Urad Front, Middle and Back and Hangjin Back), 2 counties (Wuyuan and Dengkou) and 1 district (Linhe), covering 106 villages and towns and offices, among which there are 19 sumu (villages), 32 villages, 45 towns (all 96) and 10 offices. The banners, counties and cities administer 18 towns, 82 villages, 23 sumu (villages), 795 villagers’ committees, 141 administrative villages, forming a town layout of one village in 30 Li (half of km) and one town in 50 Li.
2) Urban Population
The fertility rate, death rate and natural growth rate of Bayannaoer City are 5.68‰, 2.99‰ and 2.68‰. By the end of year, the gross population of domicile has reached 1,761,300, an increase of 1.15% over the previous year. According to the statistics of family planning departments, the average annual natural population growth is 5,000-6,000 persons with a low mechanical growth rate. According to the statistics of municipal public security bureau, the population growth rate, inclusive of floating population, in central city of Bayannaoer has exceeded 10,000/year.
3) Socioeconomic Development
The total output value of Bayannaoer area in 2005 was 21.70 billion Yuan, an increase of 1.1 over 2000 on comparable basis. The agricultural production continued to be rich harvest in successive years and service industry continued to expand in scale and gross amount at the time of industrial optimization and updating. The industrial output doubled in two years and increased by two times in three years becoming an active force to bring along the economic growth.
The municipal financial revenue in 2005 reached 2.123 billion Yuan, an increase of 2 times over 2000. Now, the municipal economy has taken on a great-leap-forward development and stepped into a new phase of per capital GDP from USD 1,000 to 3,000. The industrial structure experienced profound changes making the structure of three industries change from 39:26:35 to 30.6:38.5:30.9, among which the primary industry went down 8.4% and secondary industry up 12.5%. The urbanization proportion was improved to 41% from 36.9%.
The per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 8,022 Yuan and per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,265 Yuan in 2005, an increase of 67％ and 76.4％ over 2000 respectively. The outstanding of deposits from urban and rural residents increased by 100% over 2000. The poverty-stricken population in agricultural and pastoral areas went down to 150,200 in 2005 toward 259,200 in 2000. Housing, education and tourism became new consumption points. More than 60,000 people entered the labor force. The payout ratio of pension was 100%. The registered unemployment rate of urban residents was controlled at 4.25%. And urban minimum living standard was completely and well implemented.
4.1.2 Environmental Profile of Subitem Location
4.1.2.1 Wulateqianqi County
1) Natural Environment
(1) Geographic Location
Wulateqianqi County is located at the southeast of Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, whose geographical coordinates is E108° 12′ -109° 54′ and N40° 26′ -41° 16′ and east side is next to Baotou City, south next to Dalate Banner and Hangjin Banner of Erdos City across Yellow River, west close to Wuyuan County and North bordered on Wulatezhongqi County. The banner location, Ural Mountain Town, is 288km from Hohhot City and 142km from the Bayannaoer Municipality.
(2) Landform and Physiognomy
The project area is a part of Hetao Plain located between Ural Mountain (west section of Yinshan Mountains) and Yellow River. Influenced by regional structure, the area extends in east-west. The plain terrain topography slopes from northwest to southeast, yet, is even and wide with slightly fluctuation at local parts. The topography in front of mountains is a dip plain high in north and low in south, which is formed by the Ural Mountain Front Flood Plain and Yellow River Alluvial Plain.
(3) Geology
Wulateqianqi County is complex in geological structure with fold, fracture and great block mountain developed by deep fracture. The basement rock is made up of Sangkan and Wutai groups of Archean Group and Zhaertai group of Proterozoic Group. Yanshan movement developed front deep fracture from original one. Because of the existence of deep fracture, three stair block mountains, Chashitai, Bayinchagan and Ural, from north to south were formed along with Ming’an, Large and Small Shetai Rivers and different table-top piedmont benchlands. Along the north side of Yellow River Irrigation Area, there is a deep fracture zone extending to Ural River and the new fracture cutting in front of Ural Mountain, which has enlarged and deepened Hetao fault depression. The north part rise relatively forming high mountains leaving the south part for Hetao Plain. The Ural Mountain Fault Depression is under the latency of Ural Mountain umbos from Xishan Mouth to Sanshenggong along railway. The geotectogene of Wuliangsuhai lake and Sanhu River trough valley formed inland close-type fault basin.
From Tertiary to early Quaternary period, the original fracture was further developed into stair-type fracture and undergone the sedimentation of thick and alluviation lacustrine, and alluviation diluvium. The middle and lower Pleistocene Epoch is of successive gyttja and Epipleistocene is of recession of lake water. Yellow River began to develop and experienced gyttja and fluvial facies sedimentation. Later, the diluvial of Yellow River and Front Mountain alluviation formed Hetao Plain. Under the action of human productive activities and Yellow River water, the surface layer was coated with irrigation-warping horizon alluvium. The enclosed geological structure of long-term lacustrine action of Hetao Basin accumulated a very high saline matter in stratum. This gyttja geographical environment has been preventing the smooth running of groundwater runoff leaving an enriched water and soil salt and putting a great influence on the formation of saline soil.
(4) River Water System
① Surface Water
The main surface waters in Wulateqianqi County are Wuliangsuhai lake, Yellow River and waste cannels and ephemeral streams connecting Wuliangsuhai lake and Yellow River.
Wuliangsuhai lake: Wuliangsuhai lake is located at the east end of Hetao Irrigation Area and north of Xishan Mouth Town of Wulateqianqi County, which is south-narrow and north-wide and submarine-declining from north to south. It has a total area of 29,333×104m2 occupying 6l.35% of Wulateqianqi County Water Area, which is the largest fresh water lake in west Inner Mongolia. It is celebrated for fish and reed and the raw material site of Wulateqianqi County paper making enterprises. As a part of drainage works in Hetao Irrigation Area, Wuliangsuhai lake mainly takes up agricultural drainage, flash flood water and upstream industrial water drainage, which are led into Yellow River through waste cannel.
Waste Cannel: The waste cannel is a main hydro junction to link Wuliangsuhai lake and Yellow River. The mean annual flow is 6.34m3/s, average flow velocity 0.37m/s and average depth 1.4lm.
Table 4.1-1Statistical Table of Annual Depletion Rate from Waste Cannel of Wuliangsuhai lake to Yellow River
|Year |Average flow |Depletion rate of |Year |Average flow |Depletion rate of |
| |m3/s |Yellow River | |m3/s |Yellow River |
| | |100 million m3 | | |100 million m3 |
|1984 |3.2 |1.01 |1996 |5.44 |1.72 |
|1985 |2.77 |0.87 |1997 |3.50 |1.11 |
|1986 |3.97 |1.25 |1998 |8.49 | |
| | | | |2.6849 | |
|1987 |8.53 |2.69 |1999 |10.8 |3.42 |
|1988 |7.44 |2.35 |2000 |6.63 |2.09 |
|1989 |8.07 |2.54 |2001 |6.68 |2.11 |
|1990 |6.63 |2.09 |2002 |3.99 |1.26 |
|1991 |10.00 |3.16 |2003 |2.37 |0.75 |
|1992 |10.50 |3.32 |2004 |1.41 |0.45 |
|1993 |9.30 |2.93 |2005 |1.27 |0.40 |
|1994 |7.96 |2.51 |2006 |1.41 |0.44 |
|1995 |4.53 |1.43 |2007 |0.85 |0.27 |
|Remark: The annual mean depletion rate of Yellow River in 24 years is 179 million m3 and average flow is 5.66m3/s. |
Yellow River: The Yellow River runs across the south of Wulateqianqi County from west to east leaving a full length of 160km within Wulateqianqi County territory. According to the data from Sanhu River Mouth Yellow River hydrologic station, the annual mean water flow of Yellow River is 830.9m3/s; average flow velocity is 1.34m/s and average sediment concentration 5.26kg/m3.
Ephemeral Stream: The region of interest has 18 ephemeral streams with low water season flow about 46～115m3/h for the larger Wulanbulagean ditch and 25 m3/h for Huhebulagean ditch.
In wet season, the region has flood from Ural Mountain, among which there are 9 main floods with a normal runoff over 400,000 m3 and other 9 small ones with a normal runoff less than 300,000 m3. The flood after running into Yellow River alluvial plain part affluxes into Sanhu River main cannel and part stays in the flood retarding basin formed by front proluvial fan and Yellow River alluvial plain and finally are consumed, infiltrated and evaporated.
(5) Hydrogeology
The region of interest is located at the east zone of Hetao Plain with the north for Ural Mountain Front Flood Plain and south for Yellow River alluvial plain. The Epipleistocene-Holocene Series water-bearing formation of region of interest (Q3 and Q4 water-bearing formation, No. 1 water-bearing formation for short) is well developed and abroad distributed with great thickness, rich water content, shallow bury and close relationship with surface water, which is the main water supply water-bearing formation. The underlying Pleistocene Series upper and lower water-bearing formation (Q2 water-bearing formation, No. 2 water-bearing formation for short) is gyttja pile. The Pleistocene Series upper group is mainly silt deposition. The middle Pleistocene Series lower group （Q21）aquifer is great in thickness, shallow in bury, fine in aquifer grain and small in water quantity. Therefore, it is of no consequence for total water supply and of exploitation value in some zone.
(6) Water Resources
Deducting the double counting amount between the surface water and ground water, the multi-year average gross amount of self-produced water resources in the region of interest is 4183.34×104m3/a; under present situation, the utilizable amount of water resources is 5839.2×104m3/a, of which 2898.24×104m3/a is the utilizable amount supplied by the irrigation of the Yellow River; the amount of ground water resources in salt water area is 2610.25×104m3/a, the utilizable amount of the ground water in salt water area is 1957.69×104m3/a.
(7) Climate Features
Wulateqianqi County has a temperate continental arid and semiarid climate. Scarce rainfall, strong evaporation, dry and windy, large daily temperature range and long sunshine duration are the main climate features. According to the data of Wulateqianqi County weather station, the multi-year mean precipitation is 211.6mm. The multi-year average evaporation capacity is 2379.4mm.the multi-year mean temperature is 7.5°C (1960~2000). The maximum depth of frozen ground is 1.19m and the maximum snow depth is 18cm.
(8) Soil and Vegetation
Due to the complex topography, landform and geological structure as well as the differences in bio-climate, different soil parent materials are formed in arid mountain areas and Yellow River irrigation areas of Wulateqianqi County. Soil parent materials are generally classified into sedentary, drift bed, pluvial, alluvial and aeolian loess or loess-like, laterite or laterite-like, salt silt loamy texture, sandy and bedrock differentiation crumb parent materials. Soil in Urad includes total 6 types, 18 subtypes, 49 soil genera and 395 soil species. The meadow irrigation-silting soil, saliniferous irrigation-silting soil, irrigation-silting chestnut soil and irrigation-silting light-colored meadow soil in Wulateqianqi County are mainly the cultivated soils. Except the part of light chestnut soil and haplic kastanozems which are wastelands and pasture lands, the rests are dry cultivated lands. The gray cinnamonic soil is forest soil. The saline soil and aeolian sandy soil have sparse vegetation, most of which are wastelands. In addition, soil salinization within the territory is very serious with the trend of deteriorating year by year.
(9) Natural Resources
①Land
The total land area in Wulateqianqi County is 7,476 km2, equivalent to 11.214 million mu. The present arable area is 1.035 million mu, the grassland area is 6.3594 million mu, accounting for 56.7%. The water area is 0.723 million mu. The non-agricultural land area is 0.9297 million mu, accounting for 8.3%; urban area, 0.25 million mu is the land for special use, 0.236 million mu is the land for transportation, 0.253 million mu is the trench area. The area of land difficult to be used is 0.43 million mu, accounting for 3.8%.
②Wild Plants and Animals
There are total 19 families, 33 genera and 69 species of woody plants in the banner, of which there are natural forests such as Chinese pine, juniper, arborvitae, white birch, Morus mongolica and Tilia mongolica, etc.; there are total 75 families, 280 genera and 503 species of woody plants in the banner. There are 240 species of forage plants. There are 305 species of wild plant medicinal materials. The phytoplankton mainly grows in Wuliangsuhai lake, etc. and includes total 86 genera, of which there are 28 genera of chlorophyta, 25 genera of bacillariophyta, 18 genera of cyanophyta, 5 genera of euglenophyta, 4 genera of pyrrophyta, 3 genera of chrysophyta, 2 genera of cryptophyta and 1 genus of xanthophyta. The fungi include mushroom, puffball, long thread moss and nostoc commune, etc.
At present, wild animals living in Ural Mountains and other regions include Tuanyang, goral, roe deer, fox, badger, stoat, wild fox, hare, hedgehog and ground squirrel, etc., of which Tuanyang and goral are the national second class protection animals. There are a large number of birds in Ural Mountains and Wuliangsuhai lake, which is one of China's important treasure houses for bird resources. It has been listed as the national bird sanctuary. Birds under the national protection include mute swans, whooper swan and spot-billed pelican the three kinds. There are 65 species of zooplankton in Wuliangsuhai lake, including 14 species of protozoa, 33 species of rotifer and 10 species of cladocerans.
(3) Mineral Resources
There are abundant mineral resources in the banner. There are more than 30 kinds of minerals known, including iron ore, gold, coal, potash feldspar, mica, dolomite, bentonite, gypsum, fluorite and pyrite, etc. In addition, there is lead, zinc, niobium, tantalum, beryl, allanite, phosphate ore, marble, perlite, ore sand, swelling powder, salt, saltpetre, oxytetracycline dihydrate and other mineral reserves.
2) General Situation of Social Economy
In 2007, the gross value of production of the whole banner reaches 5.5 billion Yuan, with an average annual growth of 19.2%; GDP per capita reaches 2,227 U.S. dollars.
In 2007, the gross industrial output value of the whole banner reaches 5.77 billion Yuan and the five major pillar industries including chemical industry, electric power, mining building materials, paper making, and agricultural & livestock products processing are formed.the total livestock quantity of the whole banner is expected to reach 3.802 million heads.The gross output value of livestock breeding reaches 604 million Yuan.
There are no physical cultural relics and historic sites within this project area after the retrieval on the local chronicles, statistical yearbook etc. and confirmed by the Wulateqianqi county cultural relics control center.
4.1.2.2 Wulatezhongqi County
1) Natural Environment
(1) Geographic Location
The project is located in Delingshan Town, Wulatezhongqi County, Bayannaoer City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Wulatezhongqi County is located in the west of Inner Mongolia and the northeast of Bayannaoer City with the geographic coordinate of E107°16′~109°42′ and N41°07′~42°28′. It marches with Mongolia in north, neighbors Damao Banner of Ulanqab League and Guyang County of Baotou City in east, neighbors Wulateqianqi County, Wuyuan County, Linhe City and Gangjinhouqi County in south, adjacent to Wulatehouqi County in west. The whole banner is 203.8km long from east to west, 148.9km wide from north to south, with a total area of 22,606 square kilometers.
(2) Geological Features
Wulatezhongqi County has complex geological structure, including two first-level tectonic units, i.e. with the boundary of the south edge of Chuanjing—Sanggendalai Mesozoic depression, its north is Greater Khingan Mountains geosynclinal folded system and its south is North China Platform. Due to the influences of tectonic movements, plus the affects of several large-scale magmatic activities, the geological structure is seriously damaged and some strata has flaws, folds, bends or even upside down and breaking, which result in the generation and occurrence of various mineral deposits with industrial value. This project is located in the Wolf Mountain—Zhasitaishan Mountain Fold Belt with very complex geological structure, strata changes and sedimentary formation, strong topography cutting and large relative height difference. The rock constituents include: carbonaceous slate, limestone, mica-quartz schist, quartzite, sericite schist, phyllite as well as the granite, pegmatite, quartz veins and volcanic-sedimentary rock, etc. immersed in different periods.
Wulatezhongqi County consists of 3 basic landforms: southern piedmont plain, central mountains and northern hilly plateau, with significant regional differences and transition changes. This project is located in the piedmont plain area of Wulatezhongqi County. The piedmont plain area, a panhandle of 120km long from east to west and 2~10km wide from south to north, belongs to Hetao Plain. It consists of piedmont pluvial fan and Hetao alluvial plain with the south edge adjacent to the deposition plain of the Yellow River. The overall topography is high in the west and low in the east; in longitudinal direction, it is high in the south and north and low in the middle. Its altitude is 1,020~1,048 m.
(3) Meteorological Conditions
Wulatezhongqi County is a strong monsoon region in western China and sub-arid region in mesothermal zone with significant continental monsoon climate, adequate sunlight, rich heat, small quantity of precipitation, large evaporation capacity, strong wind and much sand, short frost-free period, large temperature difference and four distinct seasons. The meteorological data of the area where the project is located is shown in Table 4.1-2.
Table 4.1-2 Meteorological Data of Wulatezhongqi County
|No. |Content |Value |
|1 |Annual mean temperature |5.9 ℃ |
|2 |Mean temperature in the coldest month |－11 ℃ |
|3 |Mean temperature in the hottest month |22~24 ℃ |
|4 |Extreme minimum temperature |－27.5 ℃ |
|5 |Extreme maximum temperature |38.7 ℃ |
|6 |Annual mean atmospheric pressure |87.12 kPa |
|7 |Annual mean relative humidity |50% |
|8 |Annual mean sunshine duration |3102 h |
|9 |Mean annual precipitation |194.5 mm |
|10 |Annual average wind speed |3 m/s |
|11 |Predominant wind direction throughout the year |WN |
|12 |Maximum depth of frozen soil layer |1.7 m (below ground) |
|13 |Maximum snow depth |6 cm |
|14 |Annual mean thunderstorm days |22.2 d |
|15 |Maximum ice period |231 d |
|16 |Minimum ice period |197 d |
|17 |Mean ice period in 10 years |213.2 d |
(4) Hydrological Features
Wulatezhongqi County is divided into two water systems with the watershed of the junction of Wolf Mountain hills with Ulanqab plateau. It is the Yellow River water system in the south of the mountain and the continental river water system in the north. Surface water resource is very poor in the banner and the total surface water resources in the whole banner are 258 million m3, including 220 million m3 of water from the Yellow River which is stable and reliable and used for the development of agriculture. The project location belongs to the alluvium and diluvium phreatic water of Hetao Plain, located in the piedmont alluvial-pluvial fan skirt area in the north of Delingshan Town.. The clay courses become thicker and more and the water yield changes from large to small, from more than 1000m3/d to 500-1000m3/d. The water level changes from deep to shallow, from 20-40m to 3-5m; the water quality decreases with the degree of mineralization gradually changing from less than 1 g/L to 1-3 g/L. However, generally speaking, the piedmont alluvial fan aquifer, with coarse particles, large thickness, abundant water quantity, the buried depth of most water levels of 5-20m and good water quality, is a good aquifer for water supply.
River in the north of the project has three branch gullies, flowing across Hailiutu Basin from north to south and flowing into Delingshan reservoir in the south, with the drainage area of 1900km2. The upper main gully is intermittent river; there is clear water trickle at the downstream; the river valley becomes narrow in mountain area and becomes wide after flowing into Hailiutu Basin, generally 600~80 m and the widest reaching 2000m.
(5) Soil and Vegetation
Soil types of Wulatezhongqi County include irrigation-silting soil, aeolian sandy soil, saline soil, meadow soil, chestnut soil and brown soil the 6 types. The irrigation-silting soil is the main soil type in the irrigated areas of Wulatezhongqi County with the water diversion from the Yellow River and also the main soil type of the project location; the aeolian sandy soil mainly distributes in the zone along the outer edge of torrents alluvial fan in irrigated areas; the saline soil mainly distributes in the both sides of the low-lying terrain, poor drainage areas and drained gullies in piedmont plain; the meadow soil scatters in terraces along river and some saliferous wastelands; the chestnut soil mainly distributes in the southeastern hilly regions; the brown soil is the most major soil type of the whole banner and the main type of pastoral soil.
Wulatezhongqi County is located in semi-desert zone with serious desertification, sparse vegetation, small quantity of arable land, large quantity of wasteland and the main body of desert steppe. The natural grassland has sparse and low vegetation, with the main body of perennial under-shrubs and perennial tufted grasses.
(6) Animal and Plant Resources
The wild seed plants in Wulatezhongqi County include 67 families, 255 genera and 426 species, of which: the plants with feeding value include 42 families, 150 genera and 289 species with the pasture of grass family ranks top among the forage seed, 29 genera and 58 species; the secondary is compositae, 20 genera and 49 species; the plants with introduction value include 5 families, 7 genera and 12 species; the plants with medicinal value include 186 species, mainly including Ephedra, Rheum Rhaponticum, purslane, stellaria root, Vaccaria, Root of Erect Hypecoum, Prunus Mongolica, licorice, Bunge Corydalis Herb, Polygala, Cynomorium, dodder seed, anemarrhena, henbane, rehmannia root, plantain seed, root of straight ladybeel, oriental wormwood, dandelion, cocklebur, the stem or leaf of cattail, large-leaf gentian root, desert cistanche and gromwell, etc.
According to the preliminary survey, wild animals living in the whole banner include: wild ass, blue sheep, Mongolian gazelle, Tuanyang, goral, wolf, leopard, fox, pheasant, chukar, quail, wild duck, Difu, white stork, magpies, crow, eagle, owl, glede, common crane, swan, hare, Steppe Cat, badger, lynx, hedgehog, ground squirrel, squirrel, and snake, etc.
2) Brief Introduction to Social Environment
Wulatezhongqi County includes 3 villages: Hongfeng, Shilanji and Wuliangsutai; 5 towns: Delingshan, Hailiutu, Shihahe, Wengeng and Wujiahe; 8 Sumu: Bayin, Bayinhatai, Bayinhanggai, Chuanjing, Hulesitai, Sanggendalai, Wulan and Xinhure. Till the end of 2004, the total population of the whole banner is 139,867, increasing by 1.12% comparing with the previous year. Among the total population, urban population is 29,851, increasing by 7.26%; non-urban population is 110,016, increasing by 0.42%.
In 2006, GDP of 876.85 million Yuan was completed, 10.9% more than that of the previous year calculated according to comparable prices. The industrial structure has been further adjusted, from 56.8: 20.4: 22.8 of the previous year to 53.4: 24.3: 22.4.Wulatezhongqi County owns the national category-1 seasonal landway port-Ganqimaodao Port. Its import and export growth is rapid. In 2006, the total volume of foreign trade of the whole banner achieved 36.26 million Yuan. Of which: the total import was 17.46 million Yuan and the total export was 18.8 million Yuan.
There are no physical cultural relics and historic sites within this project area after the retrieval on the local chronicles, statistical yearbook etc. and confirmed by the Wulatezhongqi county cultural relics control center.
4.1.2.3 Wulatehouqi County
1） Natural environment
（1）Geographic location
This project is located at the Industrial Park of Wulatehouqi County, which is in the northwest of the city of Bayannao'er in Inner Mongolia autonomous region at the north latitude of 40°40′～42°22′and the east latitude of 105°14′～107°36′, with the Yinshan Mountains crossing the region from west to east, next to Wulateqianqi County and Wulatezhongqi County at the east, abutting on Alxa Left Banner at the west, connecting with Hangjinhouqi County and Dengkou County, bordering the State of Mongolia at the north with a 195.25km borderline. With the length of 210km from east to west and the width of 130km from south to north, covering an area of 24925 km2, Wulatehouqi County has the largest land area within Bayannao'er with its governmental office 50km away form the Linhe District of Bayannao'er.
（2）Topography and physiognomy
The topography and physiognomy in Wulatehouqi County are complicated with the Yinshan Mountains crossing the southern area, forming a watershed between Hetao Plain and the Northern Plateau. The entire landform can be divided into mountainous region, by 15.1%, low mountains and hills, by 10.3%, sand gravel Gobi Plateau, by 52.9%, Gobi dunes and sands, by 20.4%, and piedmont alluvial plain, by 1.3%. There are six major runways within the region, featured by flash flood when heavy raining while in dry season, dried up. The physiognomy is higher in the southern part than that in the northern part of the region, averaging over 1500 meters above sea level with a peak at 2365 meters, belonging to high and cold zone. The major mountains are Erlangshan Mountain and Zagela Mountain.
（3）Meteorological conditions
Located at the desert zone of Inner Mongolia plateau, belonging to continental arid and semiarid region in temperature-tropic zone, Wulatehouqi County is featured by continental climate, where the climate is arid, less but concentrated rainfall, high evaporation, dry and windy, great difference in temperature during day and night and plenty of sunshine, with the annual mean air temperature of 3.0-6.8℃, the yearly maximum mean air temperature of 37.4℃ and the yearly minimum mean air temperature of -37.1℃ according to yearly meteorological data. The annual freeze-up period is five months with a maximum depth of frozen ground by 1.8m. The yearly mean amount of precipitation is 115-250mm, asymmetrically concentrating on June to August, accounting for about 70% of the total rainfall in the year. The yearly mean evaporation is 2014mm, the annual mean sunshine duration is 3098-3250 hours and the yearly strong wind (wind velocity) is ≥17.0m/s.
（4）Hydrogeology
The surface water within the region of Wulatehouqi County is divided into two major water systems, south of the watershed is the external drainage on the Yellow River erosion basis, totally 13 runways, most of which are intermission rivers with less water; north of the watershed is the interior drainage, running from south to north, finally flowing into the Gobi and deserts areas within the Banner and Mongolia, almost no surface runoffs can be seen owing to less water amount. The underground water is mainly comprised of water from atmospheric condensation infiltration, leakage from irrigation channels and mountain lateral seepage. The total amount of the average water resource of the Banner is 21297m3，of which the annual surface runoff is 5427 m3，and the underground water is 15980 m3，with a total workable underground water resource of 8910 m3. In terms of geology, the formation lithology is mainly made up of loam soil, sandy loam and fine sand, under the stratum below 2m-50m is sandy loam and fine sand, below 50 meters is coarse sand, gravels and pebbly sand.
（5）Vegetation and creatures
Of abundant wildlife resources, there is Ovis ammon, bharal, wild ass, Mongolian gazelle, fox and wolf and there are 430 species in 63 families of wild plants, of which cynamorlum herba cistanches, known as the “Ginseng in desert”, is a precious medicinal herb with an annual output to 100000 kg. In addition, Cynomorium coccineum and black moss have long enjoyed a good reputation, selling all over the country. At present, the primitive ecosystem in this region does not exist any longer; the surface vegetation has been basically replaced by artificial vegetation due to severe desertization.
（6）Soil
The soil in Wulatehouqi County has 6 soil groups, 13 subgroups, 60 soil genus and 4 non-pedological features, totally in 16 soil mapping units. The distribution of agrotype from southeast to northwest in turn is brown soil, weak brown desert soil and gypsum brown desert soil and even a small quantity of mountain chestnut soil in the areas above 2000 meters. The mound meadow soil is formed along intermittent rivers, in flood plains and at the edges of mountain diluvia sectors under the influence of underground water. There is a small amount of swamp soil and meadow soil distributing over the low-lying wetlands, among which solonchak scatters. The grey-brown desert soil covers the largest area in the Banner, by 50%, and the brown oil, by 25% and non-pedological features, by 17% and other soil, by 1%.
2） Profile of social environment
In 2005, the gross amount of economy of Wulatehouqi County increased from 0.44676 billion Yuan at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 1.5 billion Yuan, reaching 3400 dollars per capita, yearly increasing by 33%, with the proportion of the three industries reaching to 7.6:66.7:25.7, resulting in financial total revenue of two hundred and seventy five million Yuan, increasing by 74%，with the economic output leaping to fourth of the City. the urban per capita disposable income and the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen of the Banner respectively reached 7283 Yuan and 2097 Yuan, keeping the double-digit growth. T
During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, one hundred and ten million Yuan was invested in traffic and road construction, newly, alterably and additionally constructing the road of 340 km with the total length of highways open to traffic throughout the Banner reaching 1100 km.There was one 220 kilovolt power transmission station with one under construction, two 110 kilovolt power transmission stations and 35 kilovolt power transmission stations within the Banner with the total mileage of distribution lines reaching 1100 km and the yearly total capability for load increasing to 350,000 KW.The total cultivated area of the Banner reached 70,000 mu and the livestock population reached 727,200.The fiscal expenditure used for science and technology, education, culture, sanitation and sports reached 160 million Yuan, an average increase of 18％ year by year. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, 6801 urban employment positions had been added to in five years, the re-employment of the laid-off and unemployed person was 3030 persons (times), controlling the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns under 4.7％, accumulatively transferring 4363 surplus labor force in farming and stockbreeding areas..
Cultural relics and historic sites include Yinshan rock paintings, stone-chambered tomb groups, the inner and outer city walls and wall barriers of the Great Wall in the Zhao, Qing and Han Dynasties as well as the fossils of Protoceratops and the fossils of Ceratopsian eggs in three places. There are no physical cultural relics and historic sites within this project area after the retrieval on the local chronicles, statistical yearbook etc. and confirmed by the Wulatehouqi county cultural relics control center.
4.1.2.4 Wuyuan County
1） Natural environment
（1）Geographic location
Wuyuan County is located o n the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, at the middle of Bayannao'er, on the north bank of the Yellow River and in the middle of Hetao Plain, at the east longitude of 107° 35′20〞-108° 37′50〞 and north latitude of 40° 46′30〞-41° 16′45〞, next to Wulateqianqi County at the east, bordering Linhe District at the west, across the Yellow River from Hangjin Banner at the south, north of Yinshan Mountain, bordering Wujia River and connecting with Wulatezhongqi County, covering an area of 2493km2 with the total population of 280,000 (2004), governing seven townships: Longxinchang Town, Taerhu Town, Xinzhonggong Town, Tianjitai Town, Shengfeng Town, Bayintaihai Town, Yindingtu Town and state-own Jianfeng Farm.
（2）Topography
The territory of Wuyaun County belongs to the Yellow River alluvial plain since the Yellow River is running through the region from west to east at the south-southwest. The topography is featured by a slight slope, high southwest and low northeast, with a natural slope at 1/5000～1/7000 from west to east and 1/8000～1/10000 from south to north, and the ground level is 1 019～1 035.3 meters and the highest point above sea level is 1042 meters. The physiognomy can be divided into terrace, erosion accretion topography, the aeolian dune in accretion topography according to the cause of formation or alluvial plain, dunes, lake, high land and low-lying land according to conformation.
（3）soil
The soil structure in Wuyuan is formed based on the development and variation of the alluvial deposits from the Yellow River, belonging to intrazonal soil, generally through the stages of deposition and erosion, meadow, salinization, paludification and irrigation slaking. According to the result of the second soil census in 1983, the soil can be divided into 5 soil groups of irrigation-silting soil, solonchak, alkali soil, aeolian sandy soil and meadow soil in 8 subgroups, 26 soil genus and 268 soil local types.
The bulk density of soil is between 1.32～1.51 with the scope of porosity by 41.6～49.81%, commonly in basicity. The soil nutrients comprise of rich kalium, medium phosphorus and lower OM and total nitrogen, where the equilibrium content of available K is 305.2ppm, exceeding the standard of Class I, the equilibrium content of available P is 11.26ppm, belonging to Class III, the equilibrium content of total nitrogen is 0.0732%, belonging to Class IV, the equilibrium content of OM is 1.109%, belonging to Class IV, according to the grading standards of national soil nutrient contents.
The soil texture and configuration is very complicated in terms of areal distribution, featured by: much sandiness soil covering 40.41% of the total area, over Minzu village, Fengyu village, Bayan village, Haiziyan village and Bashi village in the west or northwest area of the county; much red mud soil covering 40.87% of the total area, over Shengfeng, Hesheng, Chengguan and Meilin villages; the proportion of the mineral soil and loamy soil is much larger, respectively covering 38.5% and 38.2% of the total area, over Jinqi and Jingyanglin villages close to the Yellow River; the loamy soil is of the largest area covering 59.23 of the total area in the eight villages of Nairi, Yongli, Shanhe, Xiangyang, Fuxing, Taohai, Rongfeng, Chengnan in the middle of the county. With severe soil salinization, the salinization area is 249,500 mu, covering69.11% of the total area in the county.
（4）Engineering geology
As for geotectonic element, Wuyuan belongs to the latitudinal tectonic belt from Yinshan Mountain and Tianshan Mountain, and changes into inland downfaulted basin under the impact of Neocathaysian tectonic system, becoming part of Erdos platform depression, where the base is Archean metamorphic rocks. Depressed at the end of Mesozoic Era, the landform receives continental deposit; during the Himalayan orogeny in the Tertiary period, massive and thick deposits from the Tertiary period piles up since the piedmont depression begins to break and the Hetao Basin rapidly sinks due to heavily swelling of Yinshan Mountain, when the climate is dry and hot, the deposits are oxygenized into red stratum with higher salinity.
The entire territory belongs to Hetao Plain, covered with loose stratum of the Quaternary Period, depositing thicker lake facies stratum, where the upper is the alleviation and aeolian deposits with the main lithology of interbedding of fine sand, silt and sand clay, featured by clear sand bedding by 10-70m of thickness; the middle is the alternating layer between lake and river, with the main lithology of interbedding of sludge fine sand and clay; the bottom is the massive and thick lacustrine deposits layer from the Quaternary Period, with the main lithology of sludge and sand clay.
The base landform belongs to Yellow River alluvial plain and the engineering geology is basically the same as that at the county seat, where the surface layer is mainly comprised of Yellow River alluvial deposits, with the lithology of fine sand, silt and clay, under which is the lacustrine deposits, with the lithology of sub-clay and clay with gravel layer among them. The base holding capacity: it is 10-14t/m2 for sub-clay with maximum frozen depth of 1.23m and the underground water of 1-2m, from the overall perspective, the base engineering site is very good without obvious unfavorable geology, basically suitable for use of land in construction.
（4）Gydrologic condition
There are so many deflation hollows formed by Yellow River aluvial deposit under the impact of aeolian erosion for a long time and the natural moats formed by erosion of Yellow River’s change its course, which gradually form into various lakes (locally called Boer Holes) due to water accumulation all year around. There are 171 lakes with the area more than three mu, covering a total area of 54,500 mu, of which there are five lakes with the area more than 1000 mu, covering an total area of 10,600 mu, 37 lakes with the area more than 100 mu, covering a total area of 13,300 mu. There are 116 lakes with the depth mare than 1.5m, covering a total area of 27,100 mu. In 1986, the used lake area was 38,000 mu, accounting for 70%.
（5）Hydrogeological condition
The underground water distribution is broad and abundant, comprising of phreatic water, shallow confined groundwater and deep confined water. The shallow water and phreatic aquifer from the Quaternary aquifer have an average thickness of 60m with the peak at 120m, where the embedding depth of phreatic water is relatively shallow and the LWL is 2～3m away from the surface with an annual variation of 1～2.7m, deeper in higher land and shallower in low-lying land and irrigated area. The monthly variation of the embedding depth changes greatly due to the leakage of irrigation channels and irrigation water, featured by the underground water level rises during irrigation and decreases when irrigation is stopped.
The deep confined water in the settled layer of Lower Pleistocene at the mid-Mesozoic Quaternary is mostly buried under the stable dirt bed, where the semi-confined aquifer (Q+4 aquifer in short) has the most thickness. Under the impact of tectogenesis, the county can be divided into three hydrogeological zones: the latent uplift zone in the south along the Yellow River where the base is latent uplifting and the buried depth of aquifer plate is 50～130m and the thickness is 30～100m and the specific capacity per well is 5～10m2/h; the deep depression zone centered on Yongsheng at Yongli village and Liansheng at Yindingtu village in the middle of the county, where the buried depth of aquifer plate is 130～210m and the thickness is 100～160m and the specific capacity per well is 10～20m2/h; and the shallow depression zone in the north and east areas of the county, where the buried depth of aquifer plate is 160m and the thickness is 90～100m and the specific capacity per well is 5～10m2/h. According to the distribution of phreatic water, the county can be divided into bittern zone, salt water zone, upper-fresh-bottom-salt water zone and fresh water zone.
Replenishment runoffs and drainage conditions: the supply of underground water is mainly from irrigation water, annual average of 669.5 million m3/h, and then annual average of 111 million m3/h from infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, and the comprehensive replenishment of annual average of 780.5 million m3/h. the inflow and outflow of groundwater runoff is basically the same, featured by seeping when the Yellow River water level is high and regressing when the level is lower with a less difference.
（6）Climate and weather
Wuyan County has four distinct seasons with fine weather more than rainy weather and the transmittance of light of the air is very good with abundant light, the intension of solar radiation is very strong with plentiful light energy resources and heavy evaporation capacity; the total annual average sunshine hours are 3230.9 and the percentage of sunshine in an average is 73%.
The annual mean temperature is 6.1℃; the amplitude of annual extreme air temperature is 73.1℃, the annual amplitude is 35.9℃; the annual evaporation is 2039.2mm; annual mean frost-free period is 158 days; the average annual thickness of frozen soil layer is 100～120cm, where the plow layer is frozen in late Oct and melted in late April with a frozen period of 180 days; being windy, the annual mean wind velocity of Wuyan is 2.7 m/s.
（7）Land resource
The total area of various land classifications within the Territory of Wuyuan County is 3,739,300 mu, converting into 2492.9 km2, which can be classified into 39 kinds in 8 classifications according to the classification standards in national Technological Rules of Survey About The Present Situation of Land Use.The arable land is 1,607,600 mu, accounting for 42.99% of the total land area；Garden plot is 1000 mu, accounting for 0.03% of the total land area；Woodland is 128,200 mu, accounting for 3.43% of the total land area；Meadowland is 297,500 mu, accounting for 7.95% of the total land area；Residential, industrial and mining land is 144,600 mu, accounting for 3.87% of the total land area；Lands used for transportation is 24,100 mu, accounting for 0.64% of the total land area；Water area is 350,000 mu, accounting for 9.37% of the total land area；Unused land (including the land hard to use) is 1,186,400 mu, accounting for 31.27% of the total land area.
（8）Vegetations
The natural vegetations include Cacumen Tamaricis, dryland willow, precarious, reeds, Chinese wildrye, Tribulus terrestris and wormwood. With the expansion of arable and irrigated area, the rising of groundwater level and the aggravation of soil salinization, the vegetation communities have been superseded by artificial vegetations. According to census, there are more than 200 wild plants in 99 species of 15 families in the county with a vegetation coverage rate of 30～50%, where the artificial vegetation is mainly comprised of farm crops and forest plantation；There are six kinds of natural vegetations at present, respectively including: the sand vegetation distributing over aeolian sandy soil and sandlot (such as white Tribulus terrestris, caltrop, Agriophyllum aranarium, Artemisia desertorum and liquorice); the drought-resistance meadow vegetation distributing over relatively highland (such as Peganum harmala, Sophora alopecuroides and celery wormwood); the wetland meadow vegetation distributing over the low-lying places under the high mounds (such as Chinese wildrye, Melilotus officinalis (L. ) Pallas, chickling, reeds, Xanthium sibiricum Patrin, Cirsium segetum Bunge, dandelion, China ixeris, semen plantaginis, Herba Polygoni Avicularis, Johnson evening primrose and sedge); the aquatic meadow vegetation distributing over the flat bogs with perennial or seasonal water (such as reeds, polboschoenus sp, and Typha angustifolia); the salt-resistance vegetation(such as Cacumen Tamaricis, Achnatherum splendens, white Tribulus terrestris, narrow-leaved oleaster, and crawling reeds); the halophytic vegetation distributing over the solonchak (such as Kalidium foliatum, Suaeda and Halimocnemis).
（9）Wildlife
According to census, except the vanished Mongolian gazelle and wolf, the wildlife in Wuyuan County includes fox, badger, rabbit, Pallas cat and hedgehog and there are more than 200 wild plants, belonging to 146 species in 99 genuses of 35 families.
2）Social environment
In 2008, the total output value in Wuyuan achieved 4.659 billion Yuan, a growth of 21.3 percent year-on-year; the structure of the three industries was adjusted from 35.9∶36.1∶28 of the last year to 32.2∶38∶29.8. The investment in fixed assets reached 3.5 billion Yuan, increasing 15% year-on-year. The urban per capita disposable income reached 11,954 Yuan, increasing 22.2% year-on-year; the rural per capita net income reached 7,189 Yuan, increasing 33.7% year-on-year. The energy consumption per 10000 Yuan GDP decreased by 5.1%, the sulfur dioxide emissions decrease by 917t, the emission of chemical oxygen demand decreased by 5029t and various indexes concerning energy conservation and emission reduction were controlled within the scope of the requirements by the City of Bayannao'er.
There are no physical cultural relics and historic sites within this project area after the retrieval on the local chronicles, statistical yearbook etc. and confirmed by the Wuyuan county cultural relics control center.
4.1.2.5 Hangjinhouqi County
1） Outlines of natural environment
（1）Geographic location
Located at the west of the City of Bayannao'er, Hangjinhouqi County is situated in the Hetao Plain, bordering Linhe Town at east, close to Wulanbuhe Desert and Dengkou County at west, opposite to Hangjin Banner in Erdos City at south, backing to Yinshan Mountain at north close to Wulatehouqi County, with geographical coordinates of east longitude 106°34′to 107°34′, north latitude 40°26′to 41°13′, covering an area of 1644km2, and 87km in length from the south to the north and 52km in width from west to east.
（2）Topography and physiognomy
The landform of Hangjinhouqi County is mainly comprised of three forms of alluvial plain，aggraded flood plain and floodplain, taking the shape of higher southwest and lower northeast, slightly declining from southwest to northeast with an altitude of 1032-1050m.
（3）Characteristic of the climate
Located above north latitude 40°, Hangjinhouqi County belongs to continental climate in temperate zone, featuring with desiccation, longer sunlight, strong diurnal amplitude, the annual mean air temperature of 8.5℃, the annual mean rainfall of 138.2mm, the evaporation capacity of 2096.4mm, the day-night average temperature difference of 8.2℃, the annual mean frost-free period of about 130 days, the average wind velocity of 2.3m/s and the annual mean bold wind days of 19.9; the annual sunshine duration is more than 3220 hour and the accumulated temperature is more than 3520℃,with a sunlight rate of 73%, it is one of the areas with the most abundant light energy resource in the country; it is one of the eight major gravity irrigation areas of the country with 17 km of Yellow River flowing through the Banner, resulting in an annual flow to cross the border of 22.6 billion m3.
（4）Land resource
The land area of the whole Banner is 2,650,000 mu, of which farming land is 1,750,000 mu, land for construction is 185,000 mu, land for residents and industry and mining is 173,000 mu, traffic land is 12,000 mu, the unused land is 714,000 mu and the reserve land for other projects industry is 2000ha, converted about 30,000 mu.
（5）Water resources
The Yellow River flows through the Banner for 17 km, where Wula River, Yangjiahe River and Huang-ji Channel can averagely channel water amount of 0.88 billion m3; the general trunk draining canal flows through the north part of the Banner, discharging an annual delivery volume of 0.12 m3，and the pondage of the lakes and pools within the territory reaches 5,000,000 m3.
The groundwater resource is very rich with the annual gross amount of water resources reaching 265,000,000 m3, of which the groundwater available yield is 45,100,000 m3，the groundwater resource with the mineralization of water less than 2g/L is 55,730,000 m3. At present, the annual groundwater available yield is 9,000,000 m3，buried at a mean depth of 1.93m, differing from mean 1.11m during high flow period to mean 2.5m during low flow period with an annual mean variation of 1.89m.
2） Outlines of social environment
In 2007, the GDP of the Banner reached 5.788 billion Yuanand the financial revenue reached 372,000,000 Yuan. The industrial economy in Hangjinhouqi County develops very rapidly and industries such as wine and liquor manufacturing, tomato and vegetable, high-preserved dairying, Strong flour and paper making form wood have gradually became systematic, building up series leading enterprises represented by Hetao Liquor Industry Group, including Yili, Tunhe, Hetao wood industry, Fumeng, Dahaoda, Temier, Dahoutao and Mingxing.
Hangjinhouqi County is one of the important production bases for grain and oil in our country, rich in producing high quality agricultural products such as wheat, corn, apple and pear, tomato, honeydew melon, medlar, black and white melon seeds with annual grain output of 400,000 t; vegetables, 300,000 t, oil materials, 25,000 t, tree mallow, 85,000 t, melons, 88,000 t, medicinal materials 5,500 t; annual crop straw productivity reaches 1.6 billion jin, high quality pasturage is 200,000 y; the forest coverage of the Banner is 27.7% and the total reserve amount of the vivid stumpage is 950,000 m3; the livestock population of the Banner is 1,820,000, annually producing 15,330,000 kg of mutton, 14,200,000 kg of pork, 90000 t of milk.
With highways connected, transportation in Hangjinhouqi County is very convenient, reaching the mileage of 1700km；The education and medical treatment and sanitation undertakings in Hangjinhouqi County are flourishing, having 13 middle schools, 3 vocational middle schools, 84 primary schools, 2 county-level hospitals, 8 health clinics in towns.
There are no physical cultural relics and historic sites within this region after the retrieval on the local chronicles, statistical yearbook etc. and confirmed by the hangjinhouqi county cultural relics control center.
4.2 Evaluation on the situation of regional environment quality
4.2.1 Evaluation on the situation of air environment quality
4.2.1.1 Monitoring items
According to the characteristics of the pollution source of the items and the surrounding environment outlines, the monitoring items for the present situation of the air and environment quality include conventional factors of TSP, SO2, NO2 and H2S and NH3. At the same time, the observation of the meteorological elements such as surface wind direction, wind velocity, air temperature and total cloud cover as well as weather conditions and unusual circumstances have been recorded.
4.2.1.2 Monitoring spots
The monitoring sampling points for this situation monitoring have been set up at the up wind and down wind directions of the proposed sites of the wastewater disposal project and reclaimed watersupply project within the industrial zone as well as the nearby residential settlements. Specific monitoring spots are shown in Attached drawing. 4.2-1-4.2-5.
Totally six monitoring spots have been set up, respectively two at the place one km away from the up wind direction of the prevailing wind at the proposed site of the treatment project of Wuliangsuhai lake lake, two at the construction area and two at two km away from the down wind direction of the construction site. (See Fig. 4.2-1)
[pic]
Fig. 4.2.1: Monitoring spots for air environment for Wuliangsuhai lake lake area
4.2.1.3 Monitoring time and frequency
At least seven days have been monitored during the whole period with a frequency of four times per day and the sampling time is 08:00-09:00,11:00-12:00, 14:00-15:00 and 16:30-17:30, which is conducted in accordance with relevant national norms.
4.2.1.4 Analysis method
The national standard methods have been adopted for monitoring of environmental air quality and the analysis method for TSP, SO2 and NO2 is carried out according to Table 2 of Ambient Air Quality Standard（GB3095-1996）and the analysis method for，H2S and NH3 is carried out according to Table 8 of Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant（GB18918-2002）.
4.2.1.5 Monitoring results
The results of ambient air quality monitoring for each sub-project of this project are shown in Table 4.2-1-4.2-6。
Table.4.2-1 Monitoring results of the wastewater disposal project and water supply engineering of reclaimed waterwithin the Industrial Zone of Wulateqianqi County
|Pollutants |SO2 |NO2 |H2S |NH3 |TSP |PM10 |
|Items | | | | | | |
|SO2 |Hour mean |0.022-0.102 |0.016-0.1 |0.026-0.102 |0.006-0.108 |0.02-0.13 |0.022-0.062 |
|PM10 |Daily mean |0.52-1.04 |0.333-1.093 |0.547-1.413 |0.5-1.093 |0.64-1.1 |0.353-1.133 |
|H2S |Hour mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|NH3 |Daily mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
Table 4.2-8 the evaluation results of air environment quality of the wastewater disposal project and water supply engineering of reclaimed waterwithin the Industrial Zone of Ganqimaodao
|Monitoring spots |Mabulangkou |Office area of the |Reservoir control |Siyitang |No.1 split field, |
|Evaluation factor | |Zone |office | |Muyanghai |
|SO2 |Hour mean |0.024-0.058 |0.036-0.084 |0.028-0.066 |0.024-0.112 |0.028-0.112 |
| |Daily mean |0.053-0.127 |0.111-0.178 |0.03-0.2 |0.109-0.224 |0.027-0.12 |
|NO2 |Hour mean |0.025-0.092 |0.025-0.105 |0.017-0.1 |0.021-0.133 |0.021-0.117 |
| |Daily mean |0.05-0.108 |0.083-0.158 |0.042-0.1 |0.042-0.133 |0.042-0.125 |
|TSP |Hour mean |0.657-1.037 |0.417-1.37 |0.417-0.787 |0.703-1.32 |0.59-1.047 |
|PM10 |Daily mean |0.907-1.127 |0.573-1.24 |0.353-0.673 |0.567-1.373 |0.627-1.173 |
|H2S |Hour mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|NH3 |Daily mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
Table 4.2-9 the evaluation results of air environment quality of the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof third drainage canal
|Monitoring spots |Traffic team 6 |Proposed site |Unity team 3 |Dasong village |Shawan village |
|Evaluation factor | | | | | |
|SO2 |Hour mean |0.032-0.124 |0.044-0.354 |0.044-0.114 |0.032-0.102 |0.05-0.124 |
| |Daily mean |0.107-0.207 |0.18-0.427 |0.113-0.193 |0.107-0.193 |0.087-0.207 |
|NO2 |Hour mean |0.046-0.125 |0.046-0.183 |0.029-0.121 |0.021-0.113 |0.021-0.133 |
| |Daily mean |0.058-0.142 |0.092-0.242 |0.058-0.125 |0.075-0.2 |0.033-0.125 |
|TSP |Hour mean |0.517-0.927 |0.77-0.99 |0.73-0.927 |0.38-0.857 |0.653-0.947 |
|PM10 |Daily mean |0.413-1.007 |0.48-1.38 |0.613-0.96 |0.073-0.9 |0.513-0.913 |
|H2S |Hour mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|NH3 |Daily mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
Table 4.2-10 the evaluation results of air environment quality of the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof the seventh drainage canal
| Monitoring spots |Liuwengedan |Liyue Society 4 |Proposed site |Wuxin team 2 |Old city team 1 |
|Evaluation factor | | | | | |
|SO2 |Hour mean |0.028-0.05 |0.022-0.062 |0.03-0.082 |0.022-0.056 |0.018-0.066 |
| |Daily mean |0.073-0.207 |0.073-0.113 |0.113-0.167 |0.08-0.133 |0.073-0.14 |
|NO2 |Hour mean |0.029-0.075 |0.025-0.075 |0.042-0.1 |0.017-0.079 |0.017-0.088 |
| |Daily mean |0.042-0.133 |0.033-0.083 |0.075-0.125 |0.075-0.108 |0.033-0.117 |
|TSP |Hour mean |0.63-0.977 |0.707-0.927 |0.723-1.07 |0.687-1.00 |0.723-1.013 |
|PM10 |Daily mean |0.653-0.96 |0.66-1.00 |0.753-0.913 |0.633-1.24 |0.653-1.127 |
|H2S |Hour mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|NH3 |Daily mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
Table 4.2-11 the evaluation results of air environment quality of the wastewater disposal project and water supply engineering of reclaimed waterwithin the Industrial Zone of Wulateqianqi County
| Monitoring spots |Lihuiquan village |Zhongtan Farm |Proposed site |Shagedan village |
|Evaluation factor | | | | |
|SO2 |Hour mean |0.022-0.062 |0.034-0.074 |0.032-0.082 |0.064-0.198 |
| |Daily mean |0.087-0.147 |0.073-0.207 |0.12-0.147 |0.16-0.253 |
|NO2 |Hour mean |0.025-0.075 |0.025-0.121 |0.033-0.163 |0.046-0.121 |
| |Daily mean |0.025-0.117 |0.033-0.15 |0.083-0.133 |0.067-0.15 |
|TSP |Hour mean |0.493-0.963 |0.7-1.137 |0.78-0.99 |0.62-1.16 |
|PM10 |Daily mean |0.633-0.9 |0.647-0.94 |0.76-1.293 |0.633-1.013 |
|H2S |Hour mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|NH3 |Daily mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
Table 4.2-12 the evaluation results of air environment quality of the treatment project of Wuliangsuhai lake Lake
| Monitoring spots |15th Branch |5th Branch |9th Branch |12th Branch |
|Evaluation factor | | | | |
|SO2 |Hour mean |0.06-0.3 |0.12-0.27 |0.13-0.15 |0.09-0.41 |
| |Daily mean |0.22-0.62 |0.28-0.48 |0.22-0.42 |0.24-0.56 |
|NO2 |Hour mean |Undetected-0.26 |Undetected-0.27 |Undetected-0.23 |Undetected-0.33 |
| |Daily mean |0.19-0.34 |0.19-0.36 |0.13-0.38 |0.24-0.33 |
|TSP |Hour mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|PM10 |Daily mean |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |Undetected |
|H2S |Hour mean |1.64-3.5 |1.86-3.18 |1.46-3.66 |1.74-3.64 |
|NH3 |Daily mean |1.62-2.98 |2.01-2.6 |1.52-2.58 |1.67-2.57 |
According to the monitoring results tables from 4.2-1 to 4.2-6, and the evaluation results tables from 4.2-7 to 4.2-12 for various sub-projects, the hour mean and daily mean of SO2, NO2 at each sub-project monitoring spot can meet relevant requirements of the standards; except that some of the monitoring spots at Lihuiquan village nearer to the wastewater disposal project and water supply engineering of reclaimed waterwithin the Industrial Zone of Wulateqianqi County, Liuwengedan of the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof the seventh drainage canal, Reservoir control office of the wastewater disposal project and water supply engineering of reclaimed waterwithin the Industrial Zone of Ganqimaodao, Unity team 3, Dasong village and Shawan village of the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof the third drainage canal don’t exceed the standards, the daily mean of TSP, PM10 at the sub-project monitoring spots in most areas exceed the standards, of which the over-limit ratio of the treatment project of Wuliangsuhai lake Lake reaches 100%. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed sites of the wastewater disposal project and water supply engineering of reclaimed waterwithin every Industrial Zone suffer from the particle's pollution at a certain extent, especially the Wuliangsuhai lake Lake area has suffered from severe particle's pollution. The particle and PM10 exceed the standards, on the one hand, because the construction area of the project belongs to aria area in the north, dry and windy all through the year, with sparse vegetation and more naked soil surface, on the other hand, the winter of the construction area of the project is cold and long, resulting in longer heating period and more coal consumption, which is the main cause. This monitoring of air environment quality has been conducted in the cols and arid winter, directly resulting in the particles over the sub-project construction area exceeding the standards and especially when the Wuliangsuhai lake Lake area is at the reeds harvesting season, the particles over Wuliangsuhai lake Lake exceed the standards seriously. With the gradual improvement of the regional eco-environment and the implantation of centralized heat supply, the particle pollution in the region will be reduced.
The character pollutants such as NH3 and H2S relating to this project can meet the requirement of environmental quality standard and no index is detected.
As stated previously, the air environment quality over the construction area of each sub-project is just so so, suffered from the particle pollution at a certain extent; and greater efforts should be made to restore the vegetation around the area of the sub-project plants.
4.2.2 Current surface water environmental quality assessment
4.2.2.1 The water environmental quality assessment in 3rd and 7th Drainage Canal and General Drainage Canal
1）Conventional water quality index monitoring results and evaluation
The environmental monitoring station in Bayannaoer City has conventional monitoring points in Sanpaigan, Qipaigan and General Drainage Canal. This environmental assessment has taken the water quality monitoring results from 2004 to 2008 to be assessed, the details of which refer to Table 4.2-13～Table 4.2-15.
Table 4.2-13 The water quality monitoring results in Sanpaigan from 2004 to 2008
|Year | |pH |DO |COD |BOD |
| |Pollutants | | | | |
| |Items | | | | |
|Well depth m |12 |60 |20 |— |— |
|pH |7.60 |7.31 |7.74 |7.25 |8.03 |
|Ammonia-N |1.24 |0.044 |0.23 |0.199 |0.296 |
|Nitrate-N |(0.0015) |1.86 |1.41 |0.86 |0.298 |
|NOz-N |(0.0015) |(0.0015) |(0.0015) |(0.0015) |(0.0015) |
|Sulfate |334.1 |293 |317 |596 |196 |
|CODMn |2.25 |1.21 |0.48 |1.54 |1.86 |
|As |2.43E-03 |2.70E-04 |2.55E-04 |1.09E-04 |6.96E-04 |
|Cd |0.002L |0.002L |0.002L |0.002L |0.002L |
|Cr VI |0.004L |0.004L |0.004L |0.004L |0.004L |
|Cu |0.01L |0.01L |0.01L |0.01L |0.01L |
|Pb |0.05L |0.05L |0.05L |0.05L |0.05L |
|Zn |0.032 |0.056 |0.041 |0.035 |0.05 |
|Total hardness |509 |430 |378 |859 |657 |
|Fluoride |0.375 |1.01 |1.510 |0.272 |0.23 |
|Chloride |233 |222 |127 |296 |1090 |
|Total coliform |＜3 |＜3 |＜3 |＜3 |＜3 |
Table 4.2-34 Groundwater quality monitoring index value in Wuliangsuhai lake sea area
|Sampling | Eighth field |Motor-pumped well in |Pressurized water well in |Pressurized |Pressurized water well|
|point | |Geerdengbulagesumu |twelfth field |water well in |in first field |
|position | | | |ninth field | |
|pH |0.4 |0.21 |0.49 |0.17 |0.69 |
|Ammonia-N |6.2 |0.22 |1.15 |0.99 |1.48 |
|Nitrate-N |—— |0.093 |0.071 |0.043 |0.015 |
|NOz-N |—— |—— |—— |—— |—— |
|Sulfate |1.34 |1.17 |1.27 |2.38 |0.78 |
|CODMn |0.75 |0.40 |0.16 |0.51 |0.62 |
|As |4.86E-02 |5.40E-03 |5.10E-03 |2.18E-03 |1.39E-02 |
|Cd |—— |—— |—— |—— |—— |
|Cr VI |—— |—— |—— |—— |—— |
|Cu |—— |—— |—— |—— |—— |
|Pb |—— |—— |—— |—— |—— |
|Zn |0.032 |0.056 |0.041 |0.035 |0.05 |
|Total |1.13 |0.96 |0.84 |1.91 |1.46 |
|hardness | | | | | |
|Fluoride |0.38 |1.01 |1.51 |0.27 |0.23 |
|Chloride |0.93 |0.89 |0.51 |1.18 |4.36 |
|Total |＜1 |＜1 |＜1 |＜1 |＜1 |
|coliform | | | | | |
Table 4.2-36 Groundwater standard index value in Wuliangsuhai lake sea area
|Sampling point position | Eighth field |Motor-pumped well in |Pressurized water well in twelfth|
| | |Geerdengbulagesumu |field |
| | |Nov. 19th, 2009 |Nov. 20th, 2009 |Nov. 19th, 2009 |Nov. 20th, 2009 |
|Delingshan water supply project site |East Plant Bound |42.9 |42.2 |34.2 |33.6 |
| |South Plant Bound |41.7 |42.8 |35.3 |35.9 |
| |West Plant Bound |43.2 |42.4 |38.1 |38.8 |
| |North Plant Bound |40.9 |41.2 |34.2 |33.8 |
|Shanba town water supply project site |East Plant Bound |54.7 |55.4 |47.7 |48.6 |
| |South Plant Bound |51.2 |50.6 |42.1 |42.5 |
| |West Plant Bound |50.2 |49.8 |40.9 |41.6 |
| |North Plant Bound |53.9 |54.6 |45.8 |46.2 |
|Huhe town water supply project site |East Plant Bound |39.3 |38.3 |34.6 |35.4 |
| |South Plant Bound |46.1 |46.9 |38.7 |37.8 |
| |West Plant Bound |46.5 |47.4 |42.2 |41.7 |
| |North Plant Bound |41.7 |41.3 |35.0 |35.4 |
|Longxingchang town water supply project |East Plant Bound |53.1 |52.6 |49.2 |48.9 |
|site | | | | | |
| |South Plant Bound |50.9 |50.5 |45.8 |46.3 |
| |West Plant Bound |49.7 |49.4 |45.9 |46.1 |
| |North Plant Bound |51.8 |52.3 |48.7 |49.2 |
|Xianfeng town water supply project site |East Plant Bound |51.6 |51.8 |50.0 |50.4 |
| |South Plant Bound |53.1 |52.9 |38.9 |39.5 |
| |West Plant Bound |45.2 |44.3 |41.5 |42.8 |
| |North Plant Bound |44.7 |45.6 |42.8 |42.4 |
Table 4.2-38 Sound environment monitoring results in Wuliangsuhai lake sea are
|No. |Test Site No. |Daytime dB(A) |Night dB(A) |
| | |Nov. 19th, 2009 |Nov. 20th, 2009 |Nov. 19th, 2009 |Nov. 20th, 2009 |
|1 |Third field |50.6 |50.4 |47.0 |46.5 |
|2 |Xinmin |45.4 |46.5 |35.9 |37.3 |
|3 |Seventh field |45.8 |44.6 |32.6 |32.0 |
|4 |Beilongtai |49.3 |49.3 |39.6 |40.0 |
|5 |Fourth field |45.3 |45.4 |42.1 |41.2 |
|6 |Fifteenth field |46.4 |47.7 |39.8 |41.6 |
|7 |Fifth field |49.3 |49.7 |39.6 |40.4 |
|8 |Sixth field |39.6 |40.6 |31.6 |30.8 |
|9 |First field |45.3 |47.9 |36.5 |34.5 |
It can be seen from Table 4.2-37 that, acoustic environment quality at the proposed site of wastewater treatment and renovated water supply project in Industrial Area was better, only the noise at night of East Plant Bound of wastwater treatment and reuse project in Wulateqianqi County Industrial Area was 50.4 dB (A), and the noise of other monitoring sites did not exceed the standard limit of Class 2 in accordance with “Standard for Acoustic Environmental Quality”.
It can be seen from Table 4.2-38 that, in the lake shore village of Wuliangsuhai lake area, the equivalent sound level in daytime was 39.6～50.6dB(A), and 30.8～47.0 dB(A) at night, excepted for Third field noise at night, other monitoring sites all met the acoustic environment function requirements of Class 1 district in accordance with “Standard for Acoustic Environmental Quality” （GB3096-2008）.
4.2.5 Sediment Monitoring
4.2.5.1 Monitoring project
The Sediment Monitoring Project including H2S、NH3、As、Hg、Chromium (VI)、Cd、Pb、Bulk density、pH、Moisture content、TN、TP、NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、Organic carbon、Organic content.
4.2.5.2 Sampling location layout
In accordance with the provisions of GB3838-2002, for sampling distribution, refer to Figure 4.2-6.
[pic]
Figure 4.2-6 Monitoring sites of current sediment
4.2.5.3 Sampling analysis methods
The analysis methods should be implemented according to “Agricultural Sludge Monitoring and Analysis”.
4.2.5.4 Monitoring Results
For the analysis result of lake sediment sampling in Wuliangsuhai lake, refer to Table 4.2-39.
Table 4.2-39 Sediment analysis of Wuliangsuhai lake sea area
|Sampling point position |Ammonia-N |TN |TP |Hg |
|1 |113.59 |2.6 |639.6 |
|Spermatophyte |Angiosperm |Dicotyledon |71 |296 |712 |
| | |Monocotyledon |13 |70 |185 |
| |Gymnosperm |3 |5 |9 |
| |Subtotal |87 |371 |906 |
|Pteridophyte |7 |7 |12 |
|Total |94 |378 |918 |
The total number of wild plants in Bayannaoer is not rich, but there are more families and genera. The total number of wild plants there is 40.2% of that of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, while the number of sepecies there is 73.4% of the total number of families. Thus increases the complexity of plantage, and plant species are more concentrated in a small number of plant families and genera, which led to a lot of single, few species, genera and families. The wild plantage in the city contains 49 single subjects, which account for 52% of the total number of the subjects, in which, there are 28 single species, more than 20 species of 12-family, in total of 643 species of plants, which account for 67.4% of the total number of wild plants in the city, of which, there are 430 species of plants in Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae and Chenopodiaceae, accounting for 45% of the total number of wild plants in the city. There are 196 genera of single species, while only 9 species of genera more than 10, of which, there are 26 species of Artemisia which is the most, and secondly, there are 23 species of Astragalus and 22 species of Wilt Potentilla, Carex, Allium, Polygonum, Oxytropis and Saussurea are remained.
Hetao plain is located in the southern border city, the vegetation type there is the steppe desert, and there are about 200 species of wild plants, mainly are farmland weed, and aquatic, salt and sand plants, most of wild xylophyta are distributed in shoaly land along the Yellow River, depression before the hill and depression of ancient river, where there mainly are Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Elm, Chinese tamarisk, a variety of shrub willow, Myricaria germanica, Nitraria tangutorum, Caragana intermedia, Kalidium foliatum, etc.. In the plain farmland, there are Alopecuroides L, Taraxacum, Chenopodium album L., Xanthium Fructus, Lactuca chinensis and Eragrostis poaeoides; in the waters, there are Reed, Typha, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Duckweed, etc.; in the alkaline land, there are a variety of grasses as Salsola ruthenica and so on. There are more than 150 species of resources plants, of which, more than 130 species can be feed and more than 100 species can be used medicinally. The common species include Taraxacum, Patrinia villosa, Plantain Seed, Semen Cuscutae, Cirsium setosum, Kochia scoparia, Xanthium Fructus, Capillary artemisia, Alopecuroides L, etc.
4) Wild animals
The climate of Bayannaoer is dry and cold, and the vegetation there is dominated by low vegetation and shrubs, and there is with high proportion of sandy and gavel surface, so the natural condions there is harsh, and there belongs to the Palaearctic in Asia and Asia's new Mongolian border area based on geographical divisions on the animal. Due to the limit of natural condition, the wild animal species there are lacking. According to incomplete statistics, there are 7 orders, 15 families and 49 species of animals within the city, which is 43% of the total number of animals in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; there are 17 orders, 44 families and 199 species of birds, which is 55% the total number of birds in the Autonomous Region; There are 13 species of reptiles; 4 species of batrachia; and many other insects.
Due to the effect of the long-term human activities, wild animals in Hetao plain had disappeared, only over ten kinds of rodents existed in this plain, such as hamster, jerboa, gerbil, field mouse, etc., as well as rabbit, pika and so on. Many kinds of lizards can be found everywhere on isolated sand, as well as snakes and hedgehogs, and dozens of species of birds, such as swallows, warblers, sparrows, crows, upupa epops, long tailed shrikes, pigeons, woodpeckers, cuckoo, quail, bustard, eagle, etc. There are also muskrat living in every waterspace.
Wuliangsuhai lake, at the eastern end of Hetao plain, is an important place in western Inner Mongolia for migratory birds to stop for a rest, for waterfow to moult and to reproduce. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 150 species of birds in this area, which include Whooper Swan, Mute Swan and other birds under State protection( category II), and 97 species under “Sino-Japanese agreement on protection of migratory birds and thier habitats”. The most birds in this area are migratory birds or passing migrant birds with going in winter and coming in summer everyyear, and due to the protection of bird resources, Municipal Government issued a Notice in 1984 to protect bird resources of Wuliangsuhai lake, and this area was designated as a suspended hunting area.
5) Soil erosion
The soil ersion areas of Bayannaoer are distributed within Wulateqianqi County, Wulatezhongqi County, Wulatehouqi County and Dengkou County, which belongs to Yellow River basin and inland river basin. There are 35 townships and Sumu in this area, the total population there is 192 610, and the population density is 9/ km2.
The natural features of soil ersion area are divided into rocky mountain area and windy and sandy area. The rocky mountain area is used to call arid mountain area, and its total area is 18687 km2, all of which are soil ersion area, this area is located between 106°08’—109°45’E. Longitude and 40°26’—42°20’N. Latitude. The windy and sandy area mainly refers to Ulan Buh Desert within Dengkou County, and its total area is 2747.2 km2, which is located between 106°11’—107°06’E. Longitude and 40°46’—40°08’N. Latitude. The soil ersion mainly are wind erowion, which is more in winter, and water erosion, which is more in June and July. The annual erosion modulus is 2527-6075t/ km2.
4.2.6.2 Existing condition analysis of biological diversity in Lake Wuliangsuhai
1) Zooplankton
(1) Role of zooplankton
Zooplankton play a key role in the material cycling and energy flow of the aquatic ecosystem. It has a significant impact on carrying capacity and biological resource recruitment in the aquatic ecosystem as follows: ①Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and micro-organisms, therefore, they can purifiy water. ②Zooplankton dominant species are used to assess water quality, therefore, zooplankton can be used as indicators for humification of the aquatic environment. ③ Zooplankton are also food sources for fish fry and mature fish. ④ Fish productivity of aquatic ecosystem is determined by the zooplankton species diversity, abundance and biomass.
(2) Zooplankton survey in 2004-2005
[pic]
1. Zooplankton community composition and dominant species
A, Zooplankton community composition in the whole lake and features of dominant species
There are totally 4 categories and 62 species of zooplankton in Lake Wuliangsuhai and there are 33 species of rotifers at most, 16 species of protozoa, 9 species of copepods and 4 species of cladocerans. (See Table 4.2-29)
Table 4.2-29 Lists of zooplankton and benthonic animals in Lake Wuliangsuhai
| Name of the animal| Phylum | Class/family |Species |
| (zooplankton) |(Protozoa) | (Sarcodina) |(Arcella discoides) |
| | | |(A. rotundata) |
| | | |(C. discodides) |
| | | |(Difflugia elegam) |
| | | |(D. urceolata) |
| | | |(Amoeba proteus Leidy) |
| | | |(A. 1imaz) |
| | | |(Actinophrys sol) |
| | | (ciliate) |(Askenasia volvox) |
| | | |(Cyclotrichium sphacricum) |
| | | | (Coleps hirus Hitzsch) |
| | | |(Vorticella convallaria) |
| | | |(V. microstoma) |
| | | |(Halteria grandinella) |
| | | |(Epistylis lacustrls) |
| | (Rotifera) |(Synchaeta trernula) |
| | |(S. stylata) |
| | |(Brachionus angularis Cosse) |
| | |(B.calyciflorus Pallas) |
| | |(B. urceus) |
| | |(B. budapestiensis) |
| | |(B. capsuliflorus) |
| | |(Keratella cochlearis) |
| | |(K. valga) |
| | | (K. quadrata) |
| | |(Notholca acuminata) |
| | |(Monostyla bulla) |
| | |(M. elachis) |
| | |(Testudinella patina) |
| | |(T. mucronata) |
| | |(Filinia longiseta) |
| | | (Polyarthra trigla) |
| | |(Colurella uncinata) |
| | |(C. obtusa) |
| | |(Lepadella ovalis) |
| | |(Schizocerca diversicornis) |
| | |(Lecane luna) |
| | |(Ascomorpha ecaudis) |
| | |(A. volvocicola) |
| | |(Euchlanis dilatata) |
| | |(E. triquetra) |
| | |(E. parva) |
| | | (Asplanchna brightwelli) |
| | |(Trichocerca pusilla) |
| | |(T. rattus) |
| | |(T. lophoessa) |
| | |(Pedalia fennica) |
| | |(P. fennica) |
| |(Cladcera) |(Diaphnosoma leuchtebergianum) |
| | |(Daphnia pulex) |
| | |(Bosmina longiroustris) |
| |(Copepode) | (Chydorus sphaericus) |
| | | (Cyclops strennus) |
| | |(C. vicinus) |
| | |(Acanthocyclops thomasi) |
| | | (Eucyclops macraroides) |
| | |(E. speratus) |
| | |(E. macruroides) |
| | |(Thermocyclops taohokuensis) |
| | |(Arctodiaptomus rectispinosus) |
| | | (A．salinus) |
B, Zooplankton community composition in small sea and features of dominant species
The small sea areas occupy 36km2. There is about 10km2 shallow in the northeast. The areas where small sea connects with lake are marshlands and reedlands. There are 20km2 of reedlands and 6km2 of marshlands. Water exchange takes a long time between small sea and the lake. Therefore, the water is relatively stable. The average water depth is 0.5m, not deep. According to the survay at site 1 and site 2, there are totally 4 categories and 60 species in small sea. Among these, there are 32 species of rotifers at most, 16 species of protozoa, 8 species of copepods and 4 species of cladocerans.
[pic]
C, Nature Reserve - zooplankton community composition in core areas and features of dominant species
There are 16 km2 of core areas and average water depth is 1.2m. Most of the areas are open waters in core areas. There are a small number of reeds in the northwest and south. According to the survay at site 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, There are 4 categories and 49 species in core areas. Among these, there are 26 species of rotifers at most, 10 species of protozoa, 9 species of copepods and 4 species of cladocerans.
2. Zooplankton abundance and biomass
There are high zooplankton abundance and biomass in Lake Wuliangsuhai. Since some of zooplankton are large and some are very small, therefore, they are divided into 2 parts when counted: large zooplankton (including cladocerans, copepods, nauplii and rotifers) and protozoa. The annual average abundance of large zooplankton and protozoa are respectively 687 L-1 and 2.508×l04 L-1. The annual zooplankton biomass is 3.624 0 mg L-1 on average. See Table 4.2-13 for zooplankton abundance and biomass:
[pic] [pic]
Fig. 4.2-8 Abundance and biomass of large zooplankton
Zooplankton biomass and abundance in small sea is higher than that in the whole lake, while zooplankton biomass and abundance in the core area is lower than that of the whole lake. See details in Fig. 4.2-9.
/[pic]
Fig. 4.2-9 Zooplankton abundance in small sea and core area
[pic][pic]
Fig. 4.2-10 Zooplankton biomasses in small sea and core area
③ Seasonal changes of zooplankton abundance and biomass
Abundance of protozoa and large zooplankton in Lake Wuliangsuhai reaches the highest level in summer with an average abundance of 1 874.05 and 3.978 × 10 4L-1 respectively. And the second highest abundance appears in spring, respectively 809.83 and 3.881×10 4 L -1. Lowest abundance of protozoa appears in autumn with an abundance of only 0.693 3 × 104L-1, while the lowest abundance of large zooplankton appears in winter with an abundance of 12.21 L-1. The zooplankton abundance and biological changes in samll sea and core area are of the same trend with that in the whole lake.
Table 4.2-30 Seasonal changes of zooplankton abundance
| |Spring |Summer |Autumn |Winter |
| |mg L-1 |
|Protozoa |0.36 |0.37 |0.06 |0.09 |
|Cladocera |0.43 |0.64 |0.3 |0.016 |
|Copepods |5.3 |6.40 |0.48 |0.21 |
|Nauplius |1.2 |1.20 |0.12 |0.05 |
|Rotifer |0.6 |1.10 |0.12 |0.4 |
[pic]
Fig. 4.2-11 Seasonal changes of zooplankton biomass
3) Evaluation methods
It has significantly valuable to take advantage of zooplankton community structure, biomass changes and distribution of dominant species to monitor and evaluate water environment. This method has been used for long both at home and abroad. It is more objective to evaluate the eutrophication and pollution states by zooplankton species, density and diversity. After a comprehensive survey of 211 inland waters in China, Zhihui He has discussed in detail the nutritional type classification of Chinese lakes and reservoirs. He put forward a standard to evaluate the water trophic level by zooplankton biomass. The standard are as follows: 0.16-2 .19 mg/L (average 0.96 mg/L) for the poor trophic level; 0.28-17.60mg/L (average 2.10 mg/L) for the medium trophic level; 0.59-9.52mg/L (average 3.59mg/L) for trophic level; According to the investigation at the Yuqiao reservoir, Mingde Li concluded the annual average zooplankton biomass in non-ice period: 8.0 mg / L for the super trophic level.
(3) Evaluation results
According to the above evaluation standard, annual average zooplankton biomass of Lake Wuliangsuhai is 3.624 0 mg / L, changing in the range of 0.220 7-7.809 9 mg / L, Water in Lake Wuliangsuhai is in trophic level. The annual average biomass of small sea and core area are 4.424 0 mg / L and 3.224 0 mg / L. It is obvious that the trophic level of small sea is higher than that of core area.
The number of zooplankton species in Lake Wuliangsuhai are rotifers > protozoa> Cladocera> copepod. The number of average zooplankton biomass are copepods> nauplii> rotifers> Cladocera> protozoa. Zooplankton abundance and biomass are at its highest level in summer and spring, but decline sharply in autumn and reach to lowest level in winter (except protozoa). The main reason is that local temperature declines sharply. Then there comes the cold winter.
2) Benthonic animals
(1) Role of benthonic animals
Benthonic animals are one important composition of freshwater ecosystem. It is theoretical significant to learn the structure and function of the ecosystem. Benthonic animals can also be used as natural food for economic aquatic life, such as fish. Some of the benthonic animals are of high economic value themselves (such as river crab and etc.). In addition, the benthonic animals are also often used as biological indicators for environmental monitoring. With this method, not only the water quality can be reflected over a period, but also synergic and antagonistic effects of the pollutants can be reflected in the water and namely the comprehensive toxicity of each pollutant. Therefore, benthonic animals can provide valuable reference to prevent pollution and protect biodiversity.
(2) Survey of benthonic animals
① Community composition and dominant species of benthonic animals
2 sampling surveys are carried out in August and October. Total 11 species of benthonic animals are found. They belong to 3 phylum, 3 classes and 4 families. Among them, there are 8 chironomidaes of arthropoda, 1 lymnaeidae and 1 planorbidae of mollusca, 1 tubificidae of annelida (See Table 4.2-31). The community composition of benthonic animals in small sea and core area are the same.
Table 4.2-31 Composition of benthonic animals in Lake Wuliangsuhai
| | | | |
|(Name of the |(Phylum) |(Class/family) |(Species) |
|animals) | | | |
| | | | (Cryptochironomus sp.) |
|(Benthonic animals) |(Arthropods) |(Chironomidae) | |
| | | | (Paratanytarsus spl) |
| | | |(Chironomus plumosus) |
| | | |(Tendipes gr.) |
| | | |(Tendipes gr. Reductus) |
| | | |(Polupedilum scalaenum) |
| | | |(Procladius chorens) |
| | | |(Glyptotendipus) |
| | | |(Radix) |
| |(Mollusca) |(Lymnaeidae) | |
| | | |(Gyraulus) |
| | | (Tubifcidae) |(L. hoffmeisteri) |
| |(Annelida) | | |
1. Abundance and biomass of benthonic animals
According to the surveys in August and October, 2004, the average abundance of benthonic animals in Lake Wuliangsuhai is 3 031.4 m2, among which the abundance of chironomidae is the highest, occupying 93.58％ of the total. The next is the mollusca with 6.07％ and there are very few oligochaeta, only 0.35％. The average biomass of benthonic animals is 71.672 g m2. The biomass of chironomidae is at most with 50.30％ of the total. The biomass of mollusca takes up 49.64％ and there are almost no oligochaeta, only 0.06％of the total.
[pic] [pic]
Fig. 4.2-12 The abundance and biomass of benthonic animals
Abundance of benthonic animals in small sea is much higher than that in core area, 1474.2L-1 of chironomidae, 188L-1 of mollusca and of 10.9L-1 oligochaeta more, nearly 10 times.
[pic][pic]
Fig. 4.2-13 Abundance of benthonic animals
Biomasses of benthonic animals in small sea is also much higher than that in core area, 13.6mg L-1 of chironomidae, 112.7mg L-1 of mollusca and 0.128mg L-1 of oligochaeta more, nearly 12 times.
[pic][pic]
Fig. 4.2-14 Biomasses of benthonic animals
(3) Evaluation methods of benthonic animals
Benthonic animals are one of the important compositions of freshwater ecosystems. They are very sensitive to pollution and can reflect change of water quality more directly; therefore, they are often used as biological indicator of water conditions. According to the classification of Carlander in 1952, if biomass of benthonic fauna in reservoir are between 0.20-1.70 g/m2, the water are classified as poor trophic type, 2.50-6.25 g/m2 as medium trophic type and 10.00-25.00 g/m2 as trophic type. In 1980, Russian scholar A.H. Sayyaf classified the reservoir eutrophication in Soviet Union into 5 types as follows : 12.0 g/m2.
(4) Evaluation results of benthonic animals
The average biomass of benthonic animals in summer and autumn are up to 71.672 g/m2 in Lake Wuliangsuhai. Water in Lake Wuliangsuhai during the two seasons is in trophic level. The biomass in small sea and core area are 84.4237 g/m2 and 62.2432 g/m2 respectively. The trophic level of core area is lower than that of small sea. The sequences of average benthonic animal biomass are: chironomidae > mollusc> oligochaetes.
3）Phytoplankton
(1) Role of phytoplankton
Phytoplankton is autotrophic plankton. They have chlorophyll or other chromatophore, which can absorb sunlight energy (solar radiation) and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis to synthesize organism (mainly carbohydrates). Therefore, phytoplankton is the main productivity in water and also the basis for food chain and trophic structure. Some phytoplankton can also be used as indicator for environmental monitoring. Comparing with the physiochemical conditions, trophic level can better reflected by the density, biomass, species composition and diversity of phytoplankton.
(2) Phytoplankton survey
① Phytoplankton community composition and dominant species
With sampling in spring, summer, autumn and winter, it is preliminary known that there are 7 phylum and 58 genera in Lake Wuliangsuhai. There are 22 genera of chlorophyta at most, accounting for 37.9％of total. Bacillariophyta comes the next with 14 genera, accounting for 24.1％. There are 13 genera of cyanophyta, accounting for 22.4%. The numbers of chrysophyta, cryptophyta and euglenophyta are small, 4 genera, 2 genera and 2 genera respectively, accounting for 6.9%, 3.4% and 3.4%. There are only 1 genera of pyrrophyta at least, accounting for 1.7% of the total (Fig 4.2-15). All above phytoplankton communities can be found in small sea and core area.
Table 4.2-32 Phytoplankton composition
| (Phylum) |(Genera) |Percentage (%) |
|(Chlorphyta) |22 |37.9 |
|(Bacillariophyta) |14 |24.1 |
|(Cyanophyta) |13 |22.4 |
|(Euglenophyta) |4 |6.9 |
|(Cryptophyta) |2 |3.4 |
|(Chrysophyta) |2 |3.4 |
|(Pyrrophyta) |1 |1.7 |
|(Total) |58 |100 |
②Phytoplankton density and biomass
The annual average density and biomass of the phytoplankton in Lake Wuliangsuhai is 33.01×106ind L-1 and 26.33 mg L-1. See Fig.4.2- and 4.2-16 for the all algae density and biomass percentage.
[pic] [pic]
Fig. 4.2-15 Algae biomass in Lake Wuliangsuhai
Annual average abundance of phytoplankton in small sea and core area are 53.4×106 ind L-1 and 29.84×106ind L-1. The abundance of phytoplankton in small sea are 24.56×106ind L-1 more than that in core area.
[pic][pic]
Fig. 4.2-16 Abundance of all kinds of algae
Average phytoplankton biomass in small sea and core area are 40.14mg L-1 and 20.04mgL-1. The biomass of phytoplankton in small sea is 20.1mgL-1 more than that in core area.
[pic] [pic]
Fig. 4.2-17 Biomasses of different types of algae
③ Seasonal changes of phytoplankton density and biomass
It is known from Fig. 4.2-18 that seasonal density changes of cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and diatom chrysophyta are the same. The density is relatively high in spring and reaches its highest level in summer and falls to the lowest level in autumn and begins to increase again in winter. The density of chrysophyta, cryptophyta and euglenophyta are up to its highest level in spring and then decrease gradually to its lowest level in winter, almost zero. (Density of chrysophyta increase a little bit) There are only a few pyrrophyta found in summer and winter. Almost no pyrrophyta can be found in spring and autumn. In addition, chrysophyta is the dominant one in spring with the largest density. But summer is overwhelmingly dominated by cyanobacteria and the situation continues until winter comes. It is known from Fig. 4.2-19 that the seasonal changes of biomass and density are basically the same. Chlorophyta and diatom chrysophyta are the only ones, of which the seasonal changes of biomass and density are different in spring and summer. In additional, euglenophyta has the largest biomass due to its large number and body. In summer, cyanobacteria increase rapidly to its highest level and take place of euglenophyta and cryptophyta. In autumn and winter, most of other algae will die and biomass of diatom chrysophyta is the largest of all. Throughout the year, diatom chrysophyta has the smallest changes in biomass and density, while changes of the other 6 algae are large.
[pic]
Fig. 4.2-18 Seasonal changes in algae density
[pic]
Fig. 4.2-19 Seasonal changes of algae biomass
(3) Evaluation method of phytoplankton
Since different waters are suitable for different algae, the algae species can be used as the indicator to evaluate water trophic level. In 1949, Nygaard put forward the theory PCQ (phytoplankton compound quotient) and it was used to reflect the ecological status of the lakes and have achieved good results. Ott & Laugaste (1996) further developed the formula for the evaluation of lakes in Estonia. The evaluation accuracy has been further improved. The formula is as follows:
[pic]
In the formula：* represents number of different kinds. See table 4.2-33 for its eutrophication state classification.
Table 4.2-33 Classification of lake ecological status by PCQ
|(Eutrophication state) |PCQ |
| (Poor trophic state) |7 |
(4) Evaluation results of phytoplankton
This formula is used in the article to evaluate the trophic level in Lake Wuliangsuhai and it is calculated that PCQ value of the lake is 6.6, which means Lake Wuliangsuhai is in eutrophic state. The PCQ value in small sea is 7.3, which means water in small sea are in ultra-eutrophic state. The PCQ value in core area is 5.7 and the water is in eutrophic state.
← According to the research results, phytoplankton density throughout the year are: cyanobacteria> chlorophyta > chrysophyta > diatom chrysophyta > cryptophyta > euglenophyta> pyrrophyt. The biomass of dominant species are euglenophyta > chlorophyta > cyanobacteria > diatom chrysophyta.
← Lake Wuliangsuhai is located in the North China, the weather of which has following features: dry and cold, large difference of annual temperature, high temperature in summer, long and cold in winter. Therefore, algae density and biomass change greatly, high in spring and summer, but low in autumn and winter. In addition, seasonal change of diatom chrysophyta is relatively stable, which may be because diatom chrysophyta is not very sensitive to climate impact.
← According to the PCQ formula results, it is known that water in Lake
Wuliangsuhai is in eutrophic state, which is caused by the following 4 reasons:
← Irrigation return flow from Hetao irrigation region: as of now, there are 43.7×104 t fertilizer used in Hetao irrigation region, but the utilization rate is only about 35％. About 28.4×104 t nutrients flow into Lake Wuliangsuhai every year, which has caused the increasing primary productivity of the lake. According to water quality monitoring results in estuary, total average nitrogen content is 1.74 mg/L, 8 times of common international standard. The total average phosphorus content is 0.07mg/L, which is 3.5 times of common international standard.
← Industrial wastewater: Pollution in Hetao region is very serious due to industrial structure. Paper making and chemical industries are the leading industries in Hetao region, but these industries cause serious pollution. There are a very small proportion of high-tech and low polluting industries in this region. A large number of untreated wastewater flows into Lake Wuliangsuhai through irrigation drainages every year, which greatly accelerate the degree of its eutrophication.
← Domestic sewerage: A large number of high phosphorus domestic sewerage is discharged directly into Lake Wuliangsuhai from Hetao irrigation region.
← Pollution from rural areas in Hetao region: every year a large number of human and animal feces and straw putrilage flow into Lake Wuliangsuhai with the rainfall. This also contributes to the pollution.
4）Fish
(1) Species of fish and its faunal features
According to fish survey and samples collected in 2000 – 2002 and " China fish retrieval system", it is preliminarily known that the number of fish in Lake Wuliangsuhai are not large, about 8-10 species, belonging to 2 orders, 3 families. There are mainly cyprinid, 5 species, accounting for 62.5%. 2 species of cobitidae and 1 species of catfish exist in Lake Wuliangsuhai, accounting respectively 25% and 12.5% of the total. See Table 4.2-34 for fish survey details in Lake Wuliangsuhai.
Table 4.2-34 Fish composition in Lake Wuliangsuhai
|( Survey time) | (survey time) |
|(No) |Name |1960 |1980 |1981-1983 |2000-2002 |
|1 |（Catfish） |+ | | | |
|2 | (grass carp) |+ |+ |+ | |
|3 | (Leuciscus waleckii) |+ |+ |+ | |
|4 | (Squaliobarbus) |+ |+ |+ | |
|5 |鲦(hemiculeer leucisculus) | |+ |+ | |
|6 |（Megalobrama amblycephala） | |+ |+ |+ |
|7 |（Parabramis pekinensis） | |+ | | |
|8 |（Rajah Cichlasoma） | |+ |+ |+ |
|9 |（Pseudogobio vaillanti (Sauvage)）| |+ |+ | |
|10 |（Abbottina） | | |+ | |
|11 |（Zhonghuajizi） | |+ |+ | |
|12 |（carp） |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|13 |（crucian carp） |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|14 |（aristichthys nobilis） |+ |+ |+ | |
|15 |（chub） |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|16 |（loaches） |+ | |+ |+ |
|17 | (loach) |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|18 |（Nemachilus posteroventralis.） |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|19 |（Dongshixuqiu） | | |+ | |
|20 |（silurid） |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|21 |（Yellow Croaker） | | |+ | |
|22 |（Qingyi） | |+ |+ | |
|23 |（Chinese herring） | |+ |+ | |
|24 |（Keshitongduanhu Fish） | | |+ | |
|（Total） |12 |18 |21 |8 |
(2) Fish stocks changes
Lake Wuliangsuhai has a history of more than 100 years. The lake has been in natural state till 1958 and the fish stocks during that period are mainly carp, crucian carp, catfish and etc. The number of carp is the most. There are no fishery production, but only individual fish men and seasonal fishing later on. Fishery production started in 1954. With the expansion of fishery production, people begin to cultivate black carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and blunt head bream in Lake Wuliangsuhai. But for various reasons, none of the 5 fish stocks have produced stable biomass. As the water environment in Lake Wuliangsuhai changes, the biomass of fish stocks also changes. According to survey, there are 90% carp of the fish catch before 1955, but 50-60% in 1960. After 1960, the percentage of carp in the fish catches decreases year by year. On the contrary, the percentage of crucian carp increases year by year, from 50-60% in 1983 to 78% in 1999. Meanwhile, some other fish stocks gradually disappear or only account for a very small percentage. This change has to do with over-fishing and water environment changes.
(3) Evaluation results of fish
Comparing with former surveys, the species and numbers decease significantly according to this fish survey. Some of the fish has even disappeared. As of now, there are just a few species of fish in the lake. Most fish is crucian carp, accounting for more than 80% of total. Numbers of all other fish are small and actually not many fish species. Numbers of the crucian carp are much larger than others.
5）Birds
According to information collected and field study, there are 181 species and 4 subspecies of birds, belonging to 16 orders, 45 families and 103 genera. In the year 2000, there are 197 species and 4 subspecies of birds, belonging to 17 orders, 47 families and 110 genera in record, while in 2005, the record changes to 221 species and 4 subspecies of birds, belonging to 17 orders, 47 families and 116 genera. Based on previous data and field study, a preliminary analysis is conducted for wetland bird fauna evolution in Lake Wuliangsuhai. Due to the impact of weather and human being, the wetland environment is deteriorating year by year. Species of birds, which likes to live on marsh, increase these years, but species of birds, which prefer living on vast waters, decrease on the contrary. Large numbers of panurus biarmicus used to be resident birds on Lake Wuliangsuhai. But now they are rarely found in field studies.
← Composition of bird fauna
There are totally 1 order, 2 families, 13 genera and 40 species increased from 1995 to 2005. The number of charadriiformes increases 14 species at most and the next is passeriformes increasing 11 species and third is falconiformes increasing 7 species. See Table 4.2-35 for bird composition
Table 4.2 -35 Birds composition in Lake Wuliangsuhai
| (Order) |1995 (year) |2000 (year) |2005(year) |
| | (family) | (species) |% | (family) | (species) |% | (family) |
|2002 |50.947 |26.235 |60.278 |49.688 |50.562 |35.196 |9.716 |
|2003 |42.126 |24.546 |51.987 |41.011 |45.409 |31.849 |6.578 |
|2004 |46.270 |24.344 |54.763 |45.312 |48.130 |33.547 |6.633 |
|2005 |50.184 |22.474 |55.396 |49.662 |51.274 |35.722 |4.122 |
|2006 |49.518 |23.917 |56.525 |48.790 |49.985 |34.639 |6.54 |
|2007 |49.245 |23.285 |55.967 |48.114 |49.192 |34.188 |6.775 |
|2008 |46.244 |24.568 |55.277 |44.661 |48.888 |33.934 |6.389 |
|Average |47.791 |24.196 |55.742 |46.748 |49.054 |34.154 |6.688 |
2）Utilization and drainage
The water resources in the Bayannaoer are mainly used for industrial and agricultural production, resident living in the urban and rural area and ecological water. Take the normal year 2008 as an example, the total usage water capacity in the whole year is 4,888,800,000 m3,where the total water consumption in the agriculture is 4,714,400,000m3,which account for 96.4% of the total water consumption; the total water consumption in industry is 95 800 000 m3,which account for 2.0%the total water consumption; the water consumption for living is 78 600 000m3,which account for 1.6% of the total water consumption. The total water consumption volume of the whole city in 2008 is 3,381,200,000 m3,the comprehensive water consumption rate is 69.2%；The water consumption in agriculture, industry and living are respectively: 3,276,900,000 m3, 48, 200, 000 m3 and 56, 100, 000 m3.
The total discharge volume of waste water of the whole city in 2008 is 70,090,700 t, the discharge volume of waste water is 22,564,000 t. The discharging volume of main pollutants COD is 58525.39t, which has reduced 3366.43t compared with 2007,where the discharging volume of COD in industry is 48506.85t,the discharging volume of COD in living is 10018.54t;the discharging volume of ammonia nitrogen is 1902.49t,which has reduced 669.51t compared with 2007, where the discharging volume of ammonia nitrogen in industry is 564.87t,the discharging volume of ammonia nitrogen in living is 1337.62t.
3）Water quality of water resource
Carry out assessment on the water quality of rivers of the whole city in 2008 according to the GB3838-2002 Surface Water Quality Standards, the water quality of water run into the Ulansuhai from the general drainage ditch can reach Class V, the main items that exceed the standard are permanganate index, COD, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride and mercury, the average annual mineralization degree is 1.700g/l,which has increased 0.08g/l compared with 2007;the water quality in Ulansuhai is Class V and belong to organic contamination, the main items that exceed the standard are COD, permanganate index,BOD5,TP, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen etc.. Carry out evaluation according to the class V water quality of surface water, the exceeding standard rate of BOD5 in the whole year is 66.7%,the exceeding standard rate of COD is 50%,the exceeding standard rate of total nitrogen is 33.3%,the exceeding standard rate of total phosphorus is 16.7%. On the aspect of nutrition, the water body of Ulansuhai is heavy eutrophication, where the total nitrogen has reached heavy eutrophication level; the total phosphorus has reached heavy eutrophication level.
The average annual mineralization degree of underground water in the Hetao area in 2008 is 3.920 g/l, which has reduced 0.200 g/l compared with 2007.The freshwater area that the mineralization degree of underground water of irrigation area in the drought period of 2008 is less than 3g/l is 5956.6 km2,which account for 56.7% of the total irrigation area；the freshwater area of underground water during the wet season is 5848.8 km2,which account for 55.7% of the total irrigation area, the freshwater area during the drought period is a little larger than those in 2007, the freshwater area during the wet season has a little reduction compared with those in 2007.
4）The existing problems of water resources
In recent years, along with the rapid economic development and the rapid increasing of urban population, the resident living water in the urban and rural area over the whole city in 2008 has reached 78, 600, 000m3.Until now, the water quality existing problems in 3 counties of the total 7 counties ,including Wulateqianqi County , Wuyuan county and Wulatehouqi County ,the water for living in the urban and rural area has been significantly affected. Where the water level in the Allah Ben region that is the water source area of Wulateqianqi County, a relatively large groundwater extraction funnel has been formed, the water for industrial production and living of residents in the urban and rural area has existed crisis；good water that meet the drinking water standard for human and animal is lacking in the Wuyuan county, most of the water are brackish water ,the water for living of residents in the urban and rural area has already existed difficulties；for the Dishaiwusu town where the government of Wulatehouqi County is located, the main reason of removing the government of town is due to the extremely lacking of groundwater. So that the shortage of water resources has became the main factor of restricting the city's economic and social development currently.
According to the Yellow River water allocation plan approved by GBF （1987）No.61 issued by state council, the water capacity allocated to the autonomous region in the normal water supply year of Yellow River is 5,860,000,000m3.In October,1999,the president conference office in the autonomous region has initially determined that the water capacity from Yellow River is 4,000,000,000 m3 after the implementation year of water-saving project in the Hetao irrigation area of Bayannaoer according to the water-saving project plan in the Hetao irrigation area. Due to the historical reasons and the actual situation of agriculture water usage in the Hetao irrigation area, the average amount of water from Yellow River in several years is 4,674,800,000m3, based on the water allocation program approved by the country and autonomous region ,now the Hetao irrigation area has introduced 674 800 000 m3 water from Yellow River in each year of which has exceeded the plan.
5）Balance analysis on the water capacity supply and demand
Due to the water demand prediction calculation zone in the first industry agriculture is five irrigation zones, but the water demand calculation zones for secondary industry, tertiary industry, living and ecological environment are administrative divisions in all counties. After conversion, carry out summary on the prediction results of water demand in the first industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry, living and ecological environment respectively according to the irrigation area and administrative division, for results please see table 4.3-2（water resource evaluation on the water source comprehensive management project in Bayannaoer ,Beijing University of Technology ,2010）
Table 4.3-2 Water demand and water supply prediction in all administrative divisions
[pic]
4.3.2 Water capacity balance in Ulansuhai
1) Annual changes of water capacity in or out of Ulansuhai
The table 4.3-3 is the incoming and outgoing water capacity statistics for Ulansuhai in 1988-2008,it can be seen from the table that the drainage water capacity from the general drainage ditch ,Bapaigan , Jiupaigan and four truck channels to the Ulansuhai are respectively 0.307 billion-0.627 billion m3 ,0.025-0.062billion m3,0.005-0.036 billion m3 and 0.023-0.103 billion m3 ,the average value respectively are 0.461 billion m3,0.042 billion m3,0.022 billion m3 and 0.044 billion m3,where the general drainage ditch is the truck ditch for drainage, the drainage capacity accounts for 81% of the total water drainage capacity. Average water capacity run from Ulansuhai into Yellow River is 154 000 000 m3 in every year, the net water capacity run from the drainage ditch and truck channel to the Ulansuhai is 415 million m3.
The drainage water in the general drainage ditch, Bapaigan and Jiupaigan are polluted by the urban wastewater and industrial and agricultural wastewater, these water should be discharged into Ulansuhai before carrying out purification through constructed wetland in the biological transition zone. Due to the replenishing water of the four truck channels are relatively clean water from Yellow River, they can be directly flow into the Ulansuhai area without treatment in the biological transition zone.
Table 4.3-3 The incoming and outgoing water capacity of Ulansuhai during 1988-2008（billion m3）
|Year |General drainage |Bapaigan to Ulansuhai|Jiupaigan to |Replenishing water |Water capacity|Total capacity |Net capacity run |
| |ditch to | |Ulansuhai |from 4 truck |run into |run into |into Ulansuhai |
| |Ulansuhai | | |channels |Yellow River |Ulansuhai | |
|1988 |5.44 |0.25 |0.1 |0.52 |3.30 |6.31 |3.01 |
|1989 |5.51 |0.30 |0.15 |0.51 |2.88 |6.47 |3.59 |
|1990 |5.20 |0.40 |0.16 |0.6 |2.51 |6.36 |3.85 |
|1991 |3.75 |0.43 |0.16 |0.32 |1.43 |4.66 |3.23 |
|1992 |4.16 |0.54 |0.12 |0.34 |1.72 |5.16 |3.44 |
|1993 |4.40 |0.40 |0.05 |0.42 |1.10 |5.27 |4.16 |
|1994 |6.10 |0.43 |0.16 |0.41 |2.68 |7.10 |4.43 |
|1995 |6.80 |0.58 |0.36 |0.44 |3.42 |8.18 |4.76 |
|1996 |6.27 |0.42 |0.33 |0.29 |3.28 |7.31 |4.03 |
|1997 |5.39 |0.40 |0.29 |0.35 |2.07 |6.43 |4.35 |
|1998 |5.08 |0.41 |0.3 |0.32 |1.31 |6.11 |4.80 |
|1999 |4.19 |0.50 |0.28 |0.33 |0.76 |5.30 |4.54 |
|2000 |4.09 |0.49 |0.28 |0.33 |0.45 |5.19 |4.74 |
|2001 |3.79 |0.47 |0.31 |0.39 |0.37 |4.96 |4.60 |
|2002 |4.19 |0.37 |0.22 |1.03 |0.43 |5.81 |5.38 |
|2003 |3.08 |0.27 |0.19 |0.43 |0.08 |3.97 |3.89 |
|2004 |3.97 |0.38 |0.24 |0.38 |0.74 |4.97 |4.24 |
|2005 |2.86 |0.33 |0.18 |0.32 |0.11 |3.69 |3.58 |
|2006 |3.49 |0.32 |0.16 |0.49 |0.41 |4.46 |4.05 |
|2007 |4.00 |0.59 |0.29 |0.74 |1.31 |5.62 |4.31 |
|2008 |5.09 |0.62 |0.29 |0.23 |2.03 |6.23 |4.19 |
|Average |4.61 |0.42 |0.22 |0.44 |1.54 |5.69 |4.15 |
2）Water capacity balance in Ulansuhai
Under the premise of ignore the storage capacity changes caused by other reasons in Ulansuhai area, the changes of water capacity in Ulansuhai can be expressed by following formula:
[pic]
Where:[pic]—— water capacity of general drainage ditch;[pic]—— water capacity of Bapaigan;[pic]——water capacity of Jiupaigan;[pic]—— replenishing water capacity of truck channel;[pic]——water capacity run into Yellow River;[pic]——infiltration capacity on the bottom of lake;[pic]—— Evaporation water capacity;[pic]——precipitation on the water surface;[pic]—— runoff capacity on the ground surface;[pic]—— replenishing of groundwater
Without calculating the changes of storage capacity, the current water level operates on the place of 1018.5 m, i.e. [Dv/dt]=0.
（1）Incoming water capacity
According to the incoming and outgoing water capacity statistics for Ulansuhai during 1988-2008,the average annual drainage water capacity from the general drainage ditch ,Bapaigan , Jiupaigan and four truck channels to the Ulansuhai are respectively 0.461 billion m3 ,0.042 billion m3,0.022 billion m3 and 0.044 billion m3 ,the total annual drainage capacity to the Ulansuhai is 0.569 billion m3.
（2）Water capacity run into Yellow River
According to the incoming and outgoing water capacity statistics for Ulansuhai during 1988-2008,the average annual water drainage capacity from the Ulansuhai to the Yellow River is 154 000 000m3 .
（3）Evaporation capacity
The annual evaporation capacity of Ulansuhai is 1234 mm, the estimated annual total evaporation capacity is about 361 million m3（data from Inner Mongolia Water Resources Design Institute ）.
（4）Precipitation
The precipitation adopts the average value in several years from Xi Shanzui weather station during 1968~1997,the annual precipitation is 244 mm, the total precipitation capacity is about 66 000 000 m3.
（5）Seepage amount
The annual seepage amount is about 66 000 000 m3.
（6）Surface runoff
The annual surface runoff is about 52 000 000 m3
（7）Groundwater replenishing
According to the measured data in the 1980s of last century, the replenishing groundwater capacity is about 18 000 000m3.
In addition to the incoming and outgoing water, the multi-year changes of other hydrologic processes such as water, surface runoff, groundwater replenishing, seepage , evaporation and other processes are not very large. The water capacity balance of Ulansuhai can be seen from figure 1.1-1.
[pic]
Figure 4.3-1 Water capacity balance in Ulansuhai
According to the analysis on the water capacity balance in Ulansuhai, it can maintain the current ecological water and water surface area of Ulansuhai when the net water capacity entering the Ulansuhai is larger than 515 million m³ .If the net water capacity is reduced, under the premise of maintain evaporation and precipitation, it may cause the reduction of water level and reduction of water surface area in Ulansuhai.
According to the conclusion of Comprehensive Planning Report On Water Resources In Bayannaoer Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Wu Han University,2006):when the net water capacity from the irrigation area to the Ulansuhai is 0.36～0.39billion m³ ,it can basically maintain the current water surface level of Ulansuhai at 1018.5m.the conclusion of Lake Recovery And Management Project In Inner Mongolia-Comprehensive Treatment Study In Ulansuhai (Environmental Science Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Norwegian Institute for Water Environment):the water capacity coming into the Ulansuhai can not be less than 400 000 000 m³.Only can maintain the water level of lake at 1018.5m.According to the figure 1.1-1 Water Resource Balance Condition And Analysis In Ulansuhai, it maintains 515 million m³ ecological water demand in Ulansuhai after the comprehensive analysis (pay more attention on the safety),the water level of lake should be maintained at 1018.5m.
4.4 The pollution source in the project area and its treatment overview
4.4.1The water supply and consumption in the project area and the wastewater pollution source
The total water source capacity of Bayannaoer in 2007 is 5,596,700,000m3,the total utilization capacity of water source in administrative divisions is 4919200000 m3,where, the water from Yellow River is 4236800000m3,other surface water capacity is 57 500 000m3,the groundwater used is 624 900 000 m3;In the total water utilization capacity, the water capacity in agriculture is 4744700000m3,which accounts for 96.5% of the total utilization water capacity, the water capacity in industry is 96 500 000m3,which accounts for 2.0% of the total utilization water capacity, the utilization water capacity for living is 78 000 000m3,which accounts for 1.5% of the total utilization water capacity .The total water consumption volume is 3418800000 m3,the comprehensive water consumption rate is 69.5%；the water consumption in agriculture, industry and living are respectively :3,295,900,000 m3, 60 ,900 ,000 m3 and 62 ,000, 000 m3.
The wastewater drainage volume of Bayannaoer in 2007 is 51,497,000 t, which has reduced 1,399,900 t compared with those in 2006.Where the wastewater drainage capacity in industry is 35,575,300 t, which has reduced 1,691,500 t compared with those in 2006,Qualified drainage capacity is 24,866,600t,the standard rate is 69.90％；the drainage capacity from living and other wastewater is 15,921,700 t, which accounts for 30.92% of the total wastewater drainage capacity .
There are 128 enterprises in the Bayannaoer, there are 75 sets of wastewater treatment facilities, the wastewater discharged into Wastewater Treatment Plant is 3,531,800t,which only accounts for 9.93% of the total wastewater drainage capacity. The main pollutants in the wastewater are COD, ammonia nitrogen and suspended solids.
4.4.2 Survey on industrial enterprises and their water pollution source in Processing Parks
4.4.2.1 Current Situation of Industrial Water Pollution in Processing Parks
The wastewater treatment project and reclaimed water supply project in this program involve Wulatehouqi County Processing park, Wulatezhongqi County Processing park, Wulateqianqi County Processing park, Hangjinhou Banner Processing park, and Wuyuan County Processing park. Because the construction of each has just begun, the current enterprises in this zone are few, the displacement of industrial enterprise is little and discharged water quality is simple. The Construction engineering of this project mainly consider the water usage and discharge of industrial enterprise in each zone’s planning and development. The enterprises and their discharge situation in each processing park can be seen in table 4.4-1-4.4-5. The planning, supply and need water situation in each processing park can be seen in table 4.4-6.
Table 4.4-1 The enterprises and water pollution source situation in Wulateqianqi County Processing park
|Enterpr|Longitude and |Main products |Scale of Production |Waste Water Type |
|ises |Latitude | | | |
|Name in| | | | |
|this | | | | |
|zone | | | | |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park is about 8km in length and 2.5km in width, with a total area of |The water demand of enterprises |1. Water Supply Situation: Water supply of the |
| |Processing Park |about 20km2. Relying on the solid mining and dressing basis of original charcoal kilns pyrite and local|in the park that put into |processing park mainly relies on existing intake|
| | |rich mineral resources, it tries the best to develop the three mainstay industries, namely, a. chemical|production recently is |and water delivery equipment. Water supply |
| | |industry supported by the mining& dressing and deep processing of sulfur iron ore; b. nonferrous metal |1,475,000t/a, the water demand of|company sets up a water intake pump station at |
| | |industry supported by the mining& dressing and deep processing of copper, lead, zinc and iron, and c. |enterprises in the park built and|Stake No. 31500 of general drainage canal and |
| | |high energy industry supported by the quartz stone and calcium carbide; including 13 subprojects: |under the construction is |the terminal of the water pipe is a circular |
| | |200,000t/a copper refining project, 50,000t/a lead refining project, 600,000t/a coal-based direct |3,870,000 t/a, and the water |underground water tank, with a volume of 2000m3,|
| | |reduced iron project, 2×135MW combined heat& power project, 3,000,000 t/a coking project, etc. |demand of enterprises that |for the water supply of Feishang Copper Industry|
| | |At pre sent, Wulatehouqi County Processing Park is of the annual production capacity of mining and |entered into the access agreement|Company, with a water supply capacity of |
| | |dressing 1,600,000T of sulfur iron, lead, zinc and copper, with the sulfate processing capacity of |with the Park is 4,400,000t/a. |1,000,000t/a. Shuangli Corporation and Qihua |
| | |200,000 tons, coarse copper smelting capacity of 10,000tons, lead smelting capacity of 30,000tons and |The total reclaimed water demand |Corporation all adopts the self-provided well |
| | |zinc smelting capacity of 50,000 -100,000 tons. Western Mining Group Corporation will build the project|of industrial enterprises in the |for the water source, with a water supply |
| | |in the Park, with annual production capacity of 1,000,000 tons of selected irons, 600,000 tons of pig |park is 9,745,000t/a, namely, |capacity of 6,000,000t/a; other enterprises in |
| | |irons and 550,000 tons of molten steels and rolled steels, and meanwhile, a coking plant with an annual|26,700t/d. Considering the water |the Park adopt the small self-provided wells for|
| | |production capacity of 300,000 tons and a blast furnace gas energy conservation power plant with an |for roads and green land and fire|the water supply and there is no unified water |
| | |annual production capacity of 15,000KW/h will be built in the park. There are now 14 high energy |prevention as well as the |supply network in the Park. |
| | |enterprises, with a total construction scale of 16 12500KVA smelting furnaces of silicon iron and |unforeseeable water demand and |2. Existing Problems: Poor water supply |
| | |calcium carbide, of which, 12 smelting furnaces have been completed by August 2004, with annual |penetrated water, the maximum |capacity, diffused water sources, bigger |
| | |production capacity of 300,000tons of calcium carbides and of 30,000 tons of crystal silicon. There was|water demand will be 35,000t/d. |exploration of groundwater, lack of unified |
| | |a power transmission and transformer substation of 110KVA, with a total power transmission capacity of | |management and coordination. |
| | |576,000KVA in the park. | | |
|2 |Ganqimaodu Port |The Park is located in the south of Yinshan Mountain, with a short-term planned area of 20 km2 and |The water demand of enterprises |1. Water Supply Situation: Existing water |
| |Processing Park |long-term planned area of 50 km2. The base –large-scale- integration-park development mode is used to |in the park that put into |source of the processing park is Delingshan |
| | |lay the stress on the development of coal chemical industry so as to form the coking and tar processing|production recently is |Reservoir, Wubuliangkou Reservoir, general |
| | |industry chain; Part of coke oven gas is oxidized to generate the methanol to form the coal-chemical |5,230,000t/a, the water demand of|drainage canal and groundwater. Delingshan |
| | |industry product chain; the copper is refined to generate the copper and meanwhile the local and |enterprises in the park built and|Reservoir will supply the industrial water of |
| | |surrounding coal, power, limestone and salt resources are used to generate polyvinyl chloride via the |under the construction is |3,000,000m3/year to the processing park, |
| | |calcium carbide method. According to the internal/external resources of the Park, it is proposed to |2,300,000 t/a, and the water |Wubuliangkou Reservoir under construction will |
| | |develop and construct the 12,000,000t/a coke refining project, 1,200,000t/a methanol (into DME and |demand of enterprises that |supply the living water of 5,000,000m3/year and |
| | |coal-chemical industrial product) processing project, 600,000t/a coal tar processing project, 200,000 |entered into the access agreement|general drainage canal will provide some |
| | |t/a benzene hydrogenation project, 400,000t/a PVC project and 200,000t/a copper refining project, etc. |with the Park is 8,670,000t/a. |industrial water, and the groundwater shall be |
| | |At present, the park has introduced chromium chemical industry, coal coking industry and coal chemical |The total reclaimed water demand |exploited. At present, there is no unified water|
| | |industry projects and 17 enterprises such as Yuanxin Nickel Industry, Fubon Magnesium Industry, Hengde |of industrial enterprises in the |supply network in the Park. |
| | |Coking, Yongxing Mining, Ronghua Mining, Yintai Iron Alloy, Zhengxuan Chemical Industry, Silico Silicon|park is 16,700,000t/a, namely, |2. Existing Problem: Poor water supply capacity,|
| | |Material, Jinnuo Chemical Industry, etc. |45,800t/d. Considering the water |diffused water source and lack of unified |
| | | |for roads and green land and fire|management and coordination. |
| | | |prevention as well as the | |
| | | |unforeseeable water demand and | |
| | | |penetrated water, the maximum | |
| | | |water demand will be 60,000t/d or| |
| | | |so. | |
|3 |Wulateqian County |Wulateqianqi County Industrial Zone is planned to develop electric industry, the power consumption |270,000.74 m3/d recently, |It is planned to construct a water plant at the |
| |Industrial Zone |Industries of steel and metallurgy, coal chemical industry, organic and fine chemical industry, |560,000.85 m3/d in the future. |SW side of the processing park to bring in water|
| | |hardware and building material industries, jade processing industry and commercial trade market. The | |from the Yellow River via Yellow River Highway. |
| | |planned structure of the Zone is featured by “two districts, one shaft, one belt and seven industries | |The water plant has a minimum land scale of |
| | |clusters”, which means two functional areas with the production area at the west side and living | |8.4ha, and the water sully scale in future is |
| | |quarter at the east side; one shaft: a east-west trunk road serves as the functional linkage axis | |840,000 m3/d. |
| | |between the two districts; one belt: an original ecology isolation belt of greening, nursery and farm | | |
| | |between the two districts. There are seven industries clusters within the production area. The recently| | |
| | |planned building size of the industrial zone is 16.45km2, of which the building size for production | | |
| | |area is 10.66 km2 and the building size for living quarter is 5.79 km2 with a population of about ten | | |
| | |thousand as of recently. The major construction projects in the near future include Baogang Group | | |
| | |Metallurgical City, Fangyuan Jade City, Zhejiang Hardware and Building Material City, coal chemical | | |
| | |industry, organic and fine chemical industry and one 60w Kw power plant. | | |
|4 |Gangjinhouqi County|The construction scale of Gangjinhouqi County Industrial Park is now 179.60ha, with a short-term |Total water demand of the |1. Water Supply Situation: there is no water |
| |Processing Park |construction size of 319.96ha and long-term construction scale of 630.75ha. it is proposed to build the|enterprises in the Park will be |plant in the Park, and the industrial |
| | |park into the layout structure of “one zone and two blocks”. |5,554,000t/a by year 2015, of |enterprises take the groundwater for their |
| | |The Park is divided into 11 industry zones, namely, wine brewing industry zone, including Hetao Liquor |which, the water consumption by |living and production water via the self-dug |
| | |Industry Group, covering a land area of 52ha; Fresh-keeping dairy processing industry zone, including |production will be 705,000t/a, |wells, and they have built their own water |
| | |Yili Dairy Group Shanba Branch, covering a land area of 36.12ha; Tomato & fruits and vegetables |and the water consumption by |supply pipeline systems. |
| | |processing park, including COFCO Tunhe Tomato Products Co., Ltd, covering a land area of 58.79ha; Meat |cooling and circulation will be |2. Existing problem: shortage of top-quality |
| | |food processing park, including Prairie Xingfa Food Co., Ltd, covering a land area of 37.09ha; Roasted |4,849,000t/a. Considering the |water sources in the region, obvious |
| | |seeds and nuts processing park, including Dahaoda Food Company, covering a land area of 49.64ha; corn |water for roads and green land |contradiction of supply and demand, unbalanced |
| | |transformation processing industry zone, including Inner Mongolia Tiancheng Animal Husbandry Company, |and fire prevention as well as |and uncoordinated construction of water supply |
| | |covering a land area of 43.39ha; bread flour processing industry Zone, covering a land area of |the unforeseeable water demand |facilities; |
| | |46.26ha, Refined oil processing industry zone, covering a land area of 28.14ha, wood processing |and penetrated water, the maximum| |
| | |industry zone, covering a land area of 39.22ha, Grass Wolfberry processing industry zone, covering a |water demand will be 20,000m3/d | |
| | |land area of 30.95ha, biomass combined heat & power industry zone, covering a land area of 25.38ha, |or so. | |
| | |which is for the construction of 4×12MW biomass (straw) heat power project and supplies the power to | | |
| | |the whole park. | | |
|5 |Wuyuan Industrial |Specific layout of Wuyuan Industry Park may be outlined as “one ring, two axes, two blocks, two centers|Total water demand of the |1. Water Supply Situation: there is no water |
| |Park |and multiple groups”. “One Ring” refers to the ring-like green belt from the peripheral roads of the |enterprises in the Park will be |plant in the Park, and the industrial |
| | |Park, serving as the ecologic buffer belt between the Park and surrounding region. “Two Axes” refers to|5,561,700t/a by year 2015, of |enterprises take the groundwater for their |
| | |the two important development axes along Xingyuan Road (S) and Jing’er Road, of which Xingyuan Road (S)|which, the water consumption by |living and production water via the self-dug |
| | |is a south-north development axis connecting the urban area and the Park; Jing’er Road is the east-west|production will be 1,210,700t/a, |wells, and they have built their own water |
| | |development axis communicating the Park with the outside. “Two Blocks” refers to two blocks formed due |and the water consumption by |supply pipeline systems. |
| | |to the separation of road greening belt and the water system, of which, the north Jing’er Road is to |cooling and circulation will be |2. Existing problem: shortage of top-quality |
| | |develop the primary industry such as deep processing and auxiliary processing of agricultural and |4,351,000t/a. Considering the |water sources in the region, obvious |
| | |livestock products and the south of Binhe Road is to develop the secondary industry such as |water for roads and green land |contradiction of supply and demand, unbalanced |
| | |bio-chemical industry, bio-energy, etc. “Two Centers” refers to the two centers of providing the |and fire prevention as well as |and uncoordinated construction of water supply |
| | |supporting services to the enterprises in the Park: Comprehensive service center serves as the |the unforeseeable water demand |facilities; |
| | |administrative center and supporting business service center of the Park, and Business trade and |and penetrated water, the maximum| |
| | |logistics center will provide the services to the park and county urban area by relying on the regional|water demand will be 20,000m3/d | |
| | |business trade and logistic areas. “Multiple Groups” refers to multiple functional groups formed due to|or so. | |
| | |the separation of roads, greening belts and canals. Agricultural and livestock products deep processing| | |
| | |group is divided into multiple subgroups according to the category of processing products such as green| | |
| | |food processing, grain processing, TCM processing, livestock product processing, woods and fruits | | |
| | |processing, etc.; Biochemical group is divided into many subgroups as per the category of products such| | |
| | |as bio-based material manufacture, microorganism manufacture and biologic pesticide manufacture, etc.; | | |
| | |Bio-energy group has two subgroups: one is to develop the biomass power industry via the straw power | | |
| | |generation, and the other is to lay stress on the development of biologic fuels such as fuel ethanol, | | |
| | |bio-diesel oil, etc.; Supporting processing group is to develop the supporting processing industries | | |
| | |related to the leading industry of the Park and it may serve as the carrying space of downstream | | |
| | |extension industry of Jinquan Industry Park in the future. | | |
4.4.2.2 Management of processing parks
1）Admittance license of enterprises
Industrial enterprises entering the processing park shall meet the admittance conditions so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the programming of the processing park and to effectively control water resource consumption and pollutants emission.
← It is strictly prohibited that any project or technology formally banned by the State for construction or investment, or any project or technology involved in or related to the items listed by the Guideline Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2005 edition) (No.40 Decree of State Development and Reform Commission) enter this processing park.
← Any enterprise included into the Scheme for Industry Development of the Processing park shall meet the detailed rules for admittance threshold and the clean production-index of the accessing enterprises as prescribed in Technical Guiding Catalog of Cleaner Production of National Key industry issued by State Economic and Trade Commission and State Environmental Protection Administration on 27 Feb, 2003, and on 15 Feb, 2000.
← Any enterprise that can meet demands with regard to supplementary industry cycle and network connections; Any high and new-technology industries encouraged by the State for development; any capital and knowledge intensive enterprises.
← Concentrate on developing the readily marketable products with large market capacity and yielding good economic returns as well as the products with high technology contents that cannot be produced at home at all; Restrict lower-end products without market demand.
← Enterprises entering the processing park shall have advanced manufacturing techniques, with fine product quality and market demand, featured by high level of resources utilization, low energy consumption and lighter pollution, meeting the general requirements for cleaner production.
← Any project entering the processing park shall adopt cleaner production technology, use cleaner raw and auxiliary materials and it is strictly forbidden to purchase from outside the raw and auxiliary materials with significant toxicity; the products whose final product has significant toxicity, or raw and auxiliary materials with significant toxicity have to be used, or components with significant toxicity may be produced during manufacture, are restricted to enter the processing park.
← The utilization of repeat wafer of the enterprise shall reach 75%, the water intaking coefficient for per ten-thousand Yuan of added value of industrial output shall respectively be 76t/ ten-thousand Yuan in Wuyuan Industrial Zone and Hangjinhou Banner Industrial Zone, and 114t/ ten-thousand Yuan in Wulateqianqi County, Wulatezhongqi County and Wulatehouqi County.
← The wastewater from the enterprises entering the processing park to the wastewater disposal plant of the processing park shall reach the standard of Class III in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. All the wastewater within the processing park shall be reused through disposal and the water quality of the reused water shall meet the standard of recycled water.
2）Supervision and management of environment.
It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of the environment of the enterprises entering the processing park so as to ensure the construction of the enterprises within the processing parks and their operations to comply with national environmental protection laws and regulations to avoid causing vital environment issues.
← Strictly enforce environmental impact assessing regime, control the construction of the enterprises within the processing parks to cause serious negative impact on the environment to minimize the environmental impact on environment caused by the projects entering the processing parks.
← Strictly enforce National "Three Simultaneous" System in construction projects, carry our environmental protection measures, prevent the projects entering the processing parks from bringing in new environmental problems after these projects have been completed and put into production.
← Intensify supervision and inspection, establish strict control and supervision systems at the level of municipality and county; the environmental protection bureaus of Banner/County shall dispatch personnel to enter the processing parks for 24-hour monitoring and to inspect frequently by numerous methods; municipal environmental bureau shall conduct random inspections regularly or irregularly.
← Implement source control; stress on overall process management of the construction projects, strictly control the key points, constitute rigorous checking system; supervise and urge the enterprises to carry out "Three Simultaneous" System for environmental protection through three links of self-inspection by enterprises, preliminary inspection by bureaus at county level and on-site inspection by experts invited by municipal bureau so as to promote the environmental protection in processing parks.
← Strengthen point source control, analyze the point source within the processing parks to determine reform scheme; Heavy penalties shall be given to any enterprise with the construction in violation of the laws or regulations; invest in the establishment of Processing park Organic Toxicants Test Center to increase the environmental detection capacity; supervise enterprises to earnestly carry out the requirements of environmental assessment and to strictly enforce relevant systems of national environmental protection.
← Take the measures such as strict control of enterprise access, reinforcement of supervision and management, strict accountability system and strengthening supervision to carry out long-effective mechanism for rectification work.
4.4.3 Municipal wastewater treatment works
Recently, in order to improve aquatic environment quality in Bayannaoer, especially Wuliangsuhai Lake, aquatic environment treatment is reinforced continuously. A batch of water pollution control projects is planned and constructed according to relative water pollution control plans.
By now, there are 7 planned and constructed urban waste water treatment facilities, 1 rebuilding project in Bayannaoer during “The eleventh plan” with total investment RMB960,000,000. Refer to Table 3.4-1 for planned and constructed WWTPs in Bayannaoer.
Table 3.4-1 Planned and constructed WWTPs
|Project |Construction size |Investment (Ten |Construction unit |Construction situation |
| | |thousands) | | |
|Rebuilding of Linhe WWTP |100,000t/d |1795 for rebuilding |City water authority |The project has been finished, |
| | | | |now for test run |
|Wulateqianqi County WWTP |20,000t/d in Stage I|8900 |Baotou Hongdetai Environmental |Main part has been finished, now |
| | | |Engineering Development Company |for equipment installation |
|Wuyuan WWTP |22,000t/d |8200 |Hongzhu Environmental Protection |Main part has been finished, now |
| | | |Waste Water Treatment Co., Ltd. |for equipment installation |
|Wulatezhongqi County WWTP|10.000t/d |3000 |Urban Construction Investment Co., |Now start construction |
| | | |Ltd. | |
|Wulatehouqi County WWTP |10,000t/d |4400 |Banner water authority |Now start construction |
|Dengkou WWTP |30,000t/d |12000 |Inner Mongolia Yujie Bio-tech Co., |Main part has been finished, now |
| | | |Ltd. |for equipment installation |
|Hangjin Rear Banner WWTP |20,000t/d |9000 for Stage I |Hanghou Yiyuan Water Co., Ltd. |Test run |
|Lihe No. 2 WWTP |100,000t/d |—— |City water authority |Preparation has been finished, |
| | | | |now for commencement |
1) Upgrading of WWTPs in Bayannaoer.
Lihe WWTP locates on the north side of Xinhua Dong Street, Linhe City. The plant came into operation in May 2000 with the processing of oxidation pond, there are three oxidation ponds designed. Since 2002, its treating capacity has been 100,000t/d. Now, it treats wastewater and industrial waste water from Linhe urban area 53,000t/d, serves 32km2, 300,000 population, and total waste water treatment quantity is 19,300,000t/a.
In 2008, Hetao Water Company rebuild this WWTP with total investment RMB17,850,000. Now the rebuilding has been finished for test run. The rebuilding engineering separates the inlet system of the WWTP into two parts: the rebuilding engineering system treats industrial waste water of the park and then discharge in compliance with the standard; the power plant reclaimed water system treats wastewater from the urban area, which should meet requirement of thermal power plant inlet water quality. After technological transformation, industrial waste water and wastewater split flow is realized, which may be treated respectively. By this way, treating capacity and efficiency of the WWTP is improved, and outlet water can meet requirement of relative codes stably.
2) Dengkou WWTP
Total planned investment of the project is RMB120,000,000, where, investment for WWTP construction is RMB56,000,000, and for pipeline construction is RMB64,780,000. Now main parts of the project such as the office building, the employees living building, relative waste water treatment facilities are finished, equipment installation has been finished, the project has been complete and put into service.
Construction size of Dengkou WWTP is 30,000t/d. The plant adopts advanced “Mobile bed biofilm” processing is used there, which has not only advantages of traditional biofilm such as impact resistance, long sludge age and less excess sludge, but also advantage of active sludge such as high efficiency and free operation. The sludge concentration can reach 30~40g/L with little head loss, no blockage, not need back wash and reflux. In addition, it can remove P and N well. Construction of the WWTP can meet requirement of waste water treatment at Dengkou county now and in future, change the history that production waste water and wastewater drain to Yellow River at Dengkou county, so water quality in Yellow River can be improved effectively, and drinking water safety and cleaning downstream can be guaranteed.
3) Wuyuan WWTP
The construction size of Wuyuan WWTP is 22,000t/d with total investment of RMB82,000,000. Now all civil works have been finished, in addition to 95% equipment installation. It will be put into service on September 15, 2010.
The WWTP adopt advanced Germany BIOLAK’s processing, which uses low load active sludge processing to make a wave type mixing oxidation effect by a mobile aeration chain, thereby create good habitat for all special microorganism with good effect of N and P removal. Construction of this WWTP enables wastewater and part industrial waste water in Wuyuan to drain directly in compliance with national codes, or reusing to saving water resource.
4) Hangjin Rear Banner WWTP
The construction of Hangjin Rear Banner WWTP is 20,000t/d for Stage I, and 50,000t/d for Stage II. Total investment is RMB120,000,000, and RMB89,000,000 for Stage I, where, RMB32,000,000 for construction of WWTP, and RMB57,000,000 for pipeline. Now, the project has been complete, all equipments are installed, all pipelines are laid, road surface hardening and plant area afforestation are finished too. The project starts test running and will be put into service in October 2010.
The WWTP uses the advanced Germany BIOLAK’s processing too, with outlet water quality in Grade 1, B, which can be used for urban planting, farmland irrigation and industry after further reclamation treatment.
5) Wulateqianqi County WWTP
The construction size of Wulateqianqi County WWTP Stage I is 20,000t/d with total investment RMB85,500,000, where RMB39,850,000 for construction of the WWTP, and RMB45,650,000 for pipeline. The project commenced in May 2008, all civil works and installation have been finished, and started test run in September 2009 for three months, all operating indexes reach the standard, and it was put into service on November 30, 2009.
The WWTP uses the advanced Germany BIOLAK’s processing too, with outlet water quality in Grade 1, A, which can be used for farmland irrigation, urban planting, and industry, for water resource cyclic utilization .
6) Wulatezhongqi County Hailiutu Town WWTP
Wulatezhongqi County Hailiutu Town WWTP locates 2km south from Hailiutu town with design capacity of 10000t/d for wastewater, and 29.65km pipelines. Total investment of the project is RMB50,180,000, and pipeline construction investment is RMB29,960,000. Now civil works is constructing, the oxidation ditch, oxidation pond, secondary sedimentation tank have excavated and rolled, in addition, 12km urban pipeline has been laid.
Carrousel oxidation ditch processing is used for treatment, which has simple process flow, less structures and civil work cost; advanced and proven technology and simple management and maintenance; reliable and stable operation, good treatment effect, good COD removal rate, stable N and P removal capacity; and better capacity of impact resistance. Construction of the project, can not only improve urban aquatic environment quality, but also provide good life and working environment to the towner. In addition, it may improve environment of investment, and promote healthy and fast development of economy and society.
7) Wulatehouqi County WWTP
The Stage I size of Wulatehouqi County WWTP is 6000t/d, while Stage II is 12,000t/d. Total investment of the project is RMB64,890,000, where RMB35,600,000 for the WWTP, and RMB29,290,000 for pipeline. Now, 25% civil works has been finished, including the office building, the machine repair shop, the garage. The distribution room and the anaerobic tank are under construction. Purchasing of production equipments has been finished, it will be put into service by November, 2010.
Wulatehouqi County WWTP adopts improved Orbal oxidation ditch process, which is applicable for conventional secondary bio-treatment, at the same time of carbon source pollution removal in waste water, bio-denitrogenation and bio-phosphorus removal are also available. The process has strong impact resistance, low energy consumption, simple management and operation and good effect of N and P removal. The project enable water quality after two-stage bio-chemical treatment to reach Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18918-2002), Grade 1, B.
8) Linhe No. 2 WWTP
Recent waste water treatment size of Linhe No. 2 WWTP is 100,000m3/d, and 60,000m3/d reclaimed water. Total investment is RMB623,697,000, where EUR35,000,000 is from the loan of German promotional bank, the rest is from China Development Bank and self-financing. The project will upgrade and rebuild more than 200km urban pipeline, and build 2 lift pump stations. Total floor area of the plant is 18.587ha, where recent floor area is 11.277ha.
The WWTP adopts the solution of hydrolysis acidification and A2O bio-treatment; water reclamation adopts the fiber disc filter solution; and sludge treatment adopts the mesophilic digestion solution. The project will treat industrial waste water from Bayannaoer Linhe Industrial Park, which may moderate situation that Linhe No. 1 WWTP lacks capacity effectively.
The above mentioned projects can add 222,000t/d waste water treatment capacity for Bayannaoer, reduce discharge of water pollutants, provide supplement each other with the project of Bayannaoer aquatic environment comprehensive treatment with WB loads. Combination of source control and terminal treatment can improve aquatic environment quality in Bayannaoer, which is very important for improving aquatic environment quality of the General Drainage Canal and Wuliangsuhai Lake, even pollution control and ecological environmental protection of Yellow River.
4.4.4 Solid waste
The production capacity of industrial solid waste in Bayannaoer is 5,525,100t,which has increased 1,110,400 t, where the comprehensive utilization capacity is 1,778,300 t, which has increased 812, 700 t,the comprehensive utilization capacity is 32.19%；The storage capacity is 23,100 t, the disposal capacity is 3,812,600 t.
[pic]
In 2007, the output of domestic garbage from Bayannaoer was 113,600 tons, the amount of domestic garbage clean-up (including fly ash and slag) was 164,100 tons, amount of hazard-free landfill of domestic garbage was 43,600 tons, amount of simple landfill was 97,500 tons, amount of compost was 6,600 tons, amount of burning was 1120 tons disposal amount by other means was 15100 tons.
Disposal of domestic garbage in Bayannaoer is mainly conducted by simple landfill except Linhe District; the sanitary landfill spaces of various Banners or counties under construction and the situation of the sanitary landfill spaces of various Banners or counties are shown in Table 4.4-8.
Table 4.4-8. Status of the sanitary landfill of various counties
|S.N. |Name of landfill |Type |Service scope |Designed |Construction status |Operation status |Remark |
| | | | |disposal | | | |
| | | | |capacity | | | |
|1 |Bayangaole Refuse |Sanitary |Bayangaole Town |85t/d |Currently in the |Currently use the|Original simple |
| |Landfill, Dengkou |landfill |（43,000 persons） | |bidding phase, it is |existing simple |landfill will be |
| |County | | | |estimated to be put |landfill |closed after |
| | | | | |into operation in May | |completion. |
| | | | | |2011. | | |
|2 |Refuse Landfill in |Sanitary |Linhe District |450 t/d |Having been put into |Normal | |
| |Linhe District |landfill |（320,000 persons） | |operation in Jan 2006 | | |
|3 |Xinglongchang Domestic|Sanitary |Xinglongchang Town |100 t/d |Some of auxiliary work|Currently use the|Original simple |
| |Garbage Landfill, |landfill |（80,000 persons） | |of the landfill has |existing simple |landfill will be |
| |Wuyuan County | | | |been completed, now it|landfill; after |closed after |
| | | | | |is matched with |audited accounts |completion. |
| | | | | |forwarding station and|recently, the new| |
| | | | | |collection station and|one will be put | |
| | | | | |forwarding vehicles. |into operation. | |
|4 |Lashan Domestic |Sanitary |Wulashan Town |100 t/d |Civil work is |Currently use the|Original simple |
| |Garbage Landfill,, |landfill |（100,000 persons） | |basically completed |existing simple |landfill will be |
| |Wulateqianqi County | | | |and it is estimated to|landfill |closed after |
| | | | | |be put into operation | |completion. |
| | | | | |at the end of this | | |
| | | | | |year. | | |
|5 |Hangjinhouqi County |Sanitary |Shanba Town |80 t/d |Began to construct in |Currently use the|Original simple |
| |Domestic Garbage |landfill |（78,000 persons） | |June 2010 and it is |existing simple |landfill will be |
| |Landfill, | | | |estimated to be |landfill |closed after |
| | | | | |completed at the end | |completion. |
| | | | | |of Nov. | | |
|6 |Hailiutu Garbage |Sanitary |Hailiutu Town |70 t/d |Under civil work, and |Currently use the|Original simple |
| |Treatment Field |landfill |（47,000 persons） | |it is estimated to be |existing simple |landfill will be |
| | | | | |put into operation in |landfill |closed after |
| | | | | |Aug 2011. | |completion. |
|7 |Wulatehouqi County |Sanitary |Bayinbaogeli |85 t/d |Under civil work, and |Currently use the|Original simple |
| |Environmental |landfill |Town（34,000 persons | |it is estimated to be |existing simple |landfill will be |
| |Sanitation Management | |） | |put into trial |landfill |closed after |
| |Co., Ltd. | | | |operation in Oct. | |completion. |
5 Comprehensive Environment Impact Assessment
5.1 Analysis on Environment Impact during Construction
The project to be constructed includes civil works, pipelines, and installation, M&I equipment, etc. During construction, various construction activities, transport and equipment debugging will inevitably generate waste gases, wastewater, noises, solid wastes, etc. and the surrounding environment will be surely impacted, especially the impact of construction noises and dust are the most. The chapter will analyze the pollutions and their environmental impacts.
5.1.1 Ambient Air Impact Analysis
Main ambient air pollution sources during construction of the project include odor, dust and vehicle exhausts.
5.1.1.1 Odor Impact Analysis
Odors emitted during grid excavation and sediment transport of Wuliangsuhai Lake will impact the surrounding environment.
(1) Odor Intensity Level
Odor intensity is classified based on odor threshold value. Odor intensity is classified into six levels (see Table 5-1-1) in China. The limitation criteria are generally equivalent to class 2.5-3.5 of odor intensity. If beyond the intensity range, odor pollution will be identified and corresponding measures shall be taken.
Table 5.1-1 6-class Classification of Odor Intensity
|Classification of Intensity |Sensory Intensity of Odor |
|0 |No Odor |
|1 |Vary Faint Oder (Detect threshold concentration) |
|2 |Weak odor which can determine the property of gas (Confirm threshold concentration) |
|3 |Significant odor to smell easily |
|4 |Strong Odor |
|5 |Strong Odor |
(2) Odor Impact Analysis
The project adopts analogy method to analyze the class of odor pollution intensity.
← Refer to Mudanjiang Nanpaozi Dredging Project (dry excavation in summer) and the investigation analysis of pollution source odor class is referred to Table 5-1-2.
Table 5.1-2 Odor Intensity of Mudanjiang Nanpaozi Sediment Dredging (Dry Excavation of Dry Pond)
|Distance |Sensory Intensity of Odor |Class |
|Shore |Apparent Odor |Class 3 |
|30m away from shore |Slight |Class 2 |
|80m away from shore |Slight |Class 1 |
|Above 100m away from shore |N/A |Class 0 |
← Nanning Nanhu Lake Treatment Project adopts wet dredging, only slight odor can be smelled around the lake and no odor beyond 50m.
← Conclusion
■ Through analogy analysis, there will be apparent odor in the lake area during dredging; the odor intensity reaches class 2 with slight odor beyond 30m, lower than limitation criteria (class 2.5-3.5) of odor intensity; and there is basically no odor beyond 50m.
■ There are many residential areas around Wuliangmei Lake, however, all the sensitive point distribution is relatively scattered and beyond 100m, so the grid excavation and dredging process in Wuliangmei Lake area will not impact surrounding residents.
■ In order to avoid odor impact caused by grid excavation and dredging in Wuliangmei Lake area, the removed sediments and trashes shall be transported to local refuse landfills for landfill treatment timely. If sediments be cannot removed and transported timely, load them to straw bags for storage, thus reducing dust and odorous gas emission, avoid impact on the living quality of nearby residents. Furthermore, transport sediments in closed tank wagons to prevent scattering along the way and impacting urban landscaping.
5.1.1.2 Dust Impact Analysis
Construction dust mainly includes dust generated by construction vehicle driving, dust in laydown area and stirring dust, etc.
(1) Dust Generated by Vehicle Driving
According to the introduction of related references, dust generated by vehicle driving covers above 60% of total dust during construction. Dust generated by vehicle driving can be calculated according to the empirical formula below under absolutely dry condition:
[pic]
Where,
Q ——Dust generated by vehicle driving, kg/km·Vehicle;
V ——Vehicle driving speed, km/h;
W ——Vehicle load weight, t;
P ——Road surface dust, kg/m2.
Road dust generated by vehicles are related to many factors like vehicle speed, vehicle model, vehicle flow, wind velocity, road surface dust volume and others. Table 5.1-3 gives dust volume generated when a 10t truck passes across a 1km road surface according to different road cleanness and driving speed. We can see from Table 5.1-3 that under the same condition of road cleanness, the faster the driving speed, the more the dust volume; under the same driving speed, the more the road dust volume, the more the dust. Therefore, limiting construction vehicle speed and maintaining road surface cleanness is an effective means to reduce dust.
Table 5.1-3 Dust Volume Generated by 10t Truck at different speeds
| Dust Volume Vehicle|0.1kg/m2 |0.2kg/m2 |0.3kg/m2 |0.4kg/m2 |0.5kg/m2 |1.0kg/m2 |
|Speed | | | | | | |
|5km/h |0.0511 |0.0859 |0.1164 |0.1444 |0.1707 |0.2871 |
|10km/h |0.1021 |0.1717 |0.2328 |0.2888 |0.3414 |0.5742 |
|15km/h |0.1532 |0.2576 |0.3491 |0.4332 |0.5121 |0.8613 |
|25km/h |0.2553 |0.4293 |0.5819 |0.7220 |0.8536 |1.4355 |
According to preliminary estimate, road dust on construction site within 80-120m range of downwind exceeds Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) Level II Standard, and road dust of transportation spoil within 30-60m range of downwind exceeds GB3095-1996 Level II Standard.
(2) Laydown Area Dust
Another source of dust during construction stage is wind dust in open laydown area and open site. Due to the construction needs, some building materials and excavated earthwork shall be temporarily piled up. Under the condition of dry and windy climate, dust will be generated and dust volume can be calculated according to the empirical formula of dust in laydown area:
[pic]
Where,
Q ——Dust volume, kg/t·a;
V50 ——Wind velocity at height where is 50m away from ground, m/s;
V0 ——Dusting wind velocity, m/s;
W——Moisture content of dust particle, %.
Dusting wind velocity is related to particle size and moisture content, so reducing open laydown area, ensuring certain moisture content, and reducing open ground are effective means to reduce dust caused by wind. The diffusion and dilution of dust in air is related to wind velocity and other climate conditions and related to the sediment velocity of dust as well. The sediment velocity of different particle sizes is referred to Table 5.1-4. We can see from the Table, the sediment velocity of dust increases rapidly along with the increase of particle size. When particle size is larger than 250μm, the main impact range is within the close distance range of downwind of dust generation point, while some tiny particle size of dust has big impact on ambient environment.
Table 5.1-4 Sedimentation Velocity of Different Particle Sizes
|Dust Particle Size (μm) |10 |20 |30 |40 |50 |60 |70 |
|Sedimentation Velocity (m/s) |0.003 |0.012 |0.027 |0.048 |0.075 |0.108 |0.147 |
|Dust Particle Size (μm) |80 |90 |100 |150 |200 |250 |350 |
|Sedimentation Velocity (m/s) |0.158 |0.170 |0.182 |0.239 |0.804 |1.005 |1.829 |
Preliminarily estimated according to related data, the dust in dump laydown area exceeds GB3095-1996 level II standard within range of 100-150m downwind.
(3) Dust from material mixing
Through analogy analysis on dust monitoring data on the construction lime stirring site, near the lime stirring station, the concentration at 50m downwind at TSP hour is 8.10 mg/m3, the concentration at 100m downwind at TSP hour is 1.65 mg/m3, and there is basically no impact at places 150m far away.
(4) Construction Dust Impact
According to above analysis and preliminary estimate, road dust on construction site within 80-120m range of downwind exceeds Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) Level II Standard, road dust of transportation spoil within 30-60m range of downwind exceeds GB3095-1996 Level II Standard; dust on spool laydown area within 100-150m range of downwind exceeds GB3095-1996 Level II Standard; Through analogy analysis on dust monitoring data on the construction lime stirring site, near the lime stirring station, the concentration at 50m downwind at TSP hour is 8.10 mg/m3, the concentration at 100m downwind at TSP hour is 1.65 mg/m3, and daily average value concentration of GB3095-1996 level II standard are basically met at places 150m far away.
According to related test results, if spray water frequently (4-5 times/day) onto car driving road surface during construction, the dust volume can be reduced by 70% or so and get good dust sediment effects. Table 5.1-5 gives the actual test results of sprinkler dust on construction site.
Table 5.1-5 Sprinkler Dust Test Result
|Distance from Construction Source/m |5 |20 |50 |100 |
|TSP Concentration Value |No Sprinkler |10.14 |2.89 |1.15 |0.86 |
|(Hour Average )/mg·m-3 | | | | | |
| |Spraying Water |2.01 |1.40 |0.67 |0.60 |
| |GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard Level II Standard |0.9 |
It can be seen from data given in Table 6.1-5, after the sprinkler dust measure (sprinkler 4-5 times per day) is taken, the dust concentration (calculated in TSP) is reduced greatly, and the impact range is also reduced from 5-100m to 5-50m. Within the range of 50-100m, the TSP concentration value of ambient air reaches level II standard of GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard (suitable for residential area, commerce, transport and resident mixed area).
In general, construction dust will have certain impact on residents, schools, enterprises and public institutions and construction personnel around the construction boundary, among which, construction personnel are affected the most. As the pipe network construction involves a wide range and the range affected by construction dust is wide, construction dust is mainly concentrated on both ends of pipe works and the roads where construction and transport vehicles drive across, however, the distance between project pipe network construction point and residential area and enterprises and public institutions is above 100m. So though construction dust has certain impact on ambient environment, by taking necessary measures, the impact of construction dust will be reduced greatly. And the impact is temporary, along with the execution of landscaping and rehabilitation, the impact will be reduced greatly and even disappear after the completion of construction.
5.1.1.3 Vehicle Emissions
Construction machinery and equipment for the project includes face shovel, back shovel, bulldozer, dump truck, pile driver, and stirrer, etc. The construction machinery uses diesel and gasoline and exhaust emissions by fuel oil mainly includes SO2, NOx, CO and hydrocarbons, etc. Exhaust emissions during construction are referred to Table 5.1-6.
Table 5.1-6 Exhaust Emissions during Construction
|Fuel Name |Fuel Consumption (t)|Pollutants |Emission Factor |Emission (t) |Total Exhaust Emissions of Construction |
| | | |(kg/t) | |Machinery (t) |
|Gasoline |649 |SO2 |0.40 |0.260 |SO2: 22.233 |
| | | | | |NOx: 323.547 |
| | | | | |CO: 331.844 |
| | | | | |CnHm: 59.088 |
| | |NOx |28.13 |18.256 | |
| | |CO |225.33 |146.239 | |
| | |CnHm |44.40 |28.816 | |
|Diesel |5844 |SO2 |3.76 |21.973 | |
| | |NOx |52.24 |305.291 | |
| | |CO |31.76 |185.605 | |
| | |CnHm |5.18 |30.272 | |
As smaller intensity of exhaust emissions and flat terrain which are favorable to waste gas dilution and diffusion, tail gases generated by construction machineries, transport vehicles have small impact on ambient atmospheric environment.
5.1.2 Water Environment Impact Analysis and Assessment
5.1.2.1 Construction Wastewater Environment Impact Analysis
During construction, as the execution of site cleaning, pipe laying, concrete mixture, building and installation, etc. a certain amount of construction residual water and spools will be brought. In addition, as a large number of construction personnel will be needed during construction, a certain amount of sanitary wastewater will be generated.
(1) Construction Wastewater
Main pollutants in construction residual water and spools are COD, SS and petroleum. The analogy data show that the concentration of COD and petroleum are both lower than 150 mg/L for COD and 10 mg/L for petroleum required by level II standard in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), but cause SS increased in short time. According to analogy investigation, the concentration of wastewater suspended matters during construction is 500-1300 mg/L, after preliminary treatment of sediment and others, the concentration of suspended matter is greatly reduced and can reach discharge standard after holding for above 2h and will not cause remarkably unfavorable impact on water body.
(2) Sanitary Wastewater
The calculation formula of sanitary wastewater on construction site is as below:
Q = (k × q × n) /1000
Where, Q——Sanitary wastewater volume, t/d;
k——Wastewater emission coefficient, the project takes 0.8;
q——Per capital sanitary household water consumption, L/cap·d;
n——Number of daily construction site personnel, cap.
According to analogy data, the COD concentration in sanitary wastewater on construction site is around 300 mg/m3, BOD5 concentration is around 150 mg/m3, and SS is 150mg/l. Water consumption takes 50 L/cap·d for calculation and the calculation results are shown in table. According to the requirements of construction scale and construction period of each pollution project, estimate the construction personnel required and sanitary wastewater emissions, refer to Table 5.1-7.
Table 5.1-7 Sanitary Wastewater Emissions during Construction
|S/N |Project Name |Number of |Water Consumption |Sanitary Wastewater |
| | |Construction |(t/d) |Emissions (t/d) |
| | |People | | |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Regenerated Water Supply |90 |4.5 |3.6 |
| |Project | | | |
|2 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Regenerated Water Supply Project|100 |5.0 |4.0 |
|3 |3rd Drainage Canal Regenerated Water Supply Project |80 |4.0 |3.2 |
|4 |7th Drainage Canal Regenerated Water Supply Project |80 |4.0 |3.2 |
|5 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park (Huhe Town) Wastewater |90 |4.5 |3.6 |
| |Treatment and Reuse Project | | | |
|6 |Ganqimaodu Port processing Park (Delingshan Town) Disposal |100 |5.0 |4.0 |
| |Treatment and Reuse Project | | | |
|7 |Wulateqianqi County Processing Park (Xianfeng Town) Wastewater |120 |6.0 |4.8 |
| |Treatment and Reuse Project | | | |
|8 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Idyllic Grid Waterway Project |50 |2.5 |3.0 |
|9 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Biological Transition Zone Constructed Wetland|70 |3.5 |2.8 |
| |Project and Area Source Demonstration and Promotion Project | | | |
As all itemized works of the project are not developed simultaneously, actual sanitary wastewater emissions are not the sum of simple addition of figures in above table. From above table, it can be reflected that sanitary wastewater emissions during construction are not big.
The existing living facilities near the construction site shall be used for sanitary wastewater emissions during construction as far as possible. The unconditioned area shall be set up with temporary toilets and cesspool on site to collect stools which shall be transported by pumping tumbrel provided by construction companies or consigned sanitation department to wastewater treatment plant for treatment periodically.
5.1.2.2 Assessment of Impact on Water Environment of Grid Excavation and Sediment Release in Lake Area
Environment-friendly dredging machineries are used for this work to dredge grid waterways in Wuliangsuhai Lake. Disturbance brought by the dredging will facilitate the mix and exchange between mud and water, causing the increase of pollutants and SS content in water body, as well as the increase of organic matters and nutrients, also interfering the living environment for benthic organism to a certain degree.
(1)Analysis on Suspended Matter Diffusion Impact
Factors like comprehensive dredging effects and impact on environment. It’s recommended to deploy 0.8~1.2 m3 hydraulic backhole dredgers. For sediments excavation at the upper layer in the area having less aquatic weeds, grab dredgers can be used.
Basically, hydraulic backhole dredgers and grab dredgers will conduct stationary operation during the construction. Diffusion mechanism of suspended dredged materials is similar to the diffusion of continuous point source. This environmental evaluation will refer to the forecast results of impact on suspended matters diffusion in dredging operation in relevant lake area of Meiliang Lake under the Report on the Impact on Polluted Bed Mud Dredging Test Work Environment in Tai Lake, where the construction process is similar to that of this work, and the forecast results in which can reflect the impact range of this work. The forecast results indicate that at 50m of excavation circumference, the impact values of suspended matters content in water body are all below 10mg/L. And such impact mainly works on dredging. About one hour after dredging, the content of suspended matters increased artificially will fall off under 1mg/L quickly.
The excavation and dredging can facilitate the mix and exchange between mud and wter in the system effectively, enhance the release of organic matter, TP and TN in bed mud, and cause the increase of contents of COD, TP, and TN in the water body. According to the test data of bed mud resuspension in relevant water body, the disturbance brought by mud excavation will increase the contents of aerobic organic matters, TP and TN by around 10%. Short after mud excavation, due to the effects caused by oxide and hydroxide, the contents of aerobic organic matter, TP and TN will decline gradually to the background level, which will not affect the water body in area being excavated too much.
(2)Analysis on Impact of Residual Water at Laydown Area
Pollutants in residual water from waterway excavation operation mainly refer to the pollutants contained in the water body of construction area, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollutants enriched in bed mud particles. Controlling the discharge content of suspended matters in waters during construction will control the discharge contents of other pollutants effectively.
According to the results of simulation test on silt in Caohai, Dianchi in Table 51-8: Pollutant content in residual water declines as the time of slurry sedimentation increases, but the content of suspended matters might not meet the requirements under Standard-I. If stationary time is shorter than 48h, pollutant content in residual water will exceed Standard-I under Slurry Comprehensive Discharge Standard. According to laydown area design for this work, slurry sedimentation time is normally longer than 48h.
Table 5.1-8 Components of Residual water from Bed Mud Dredging in Caohai (simulation test results) (mg/L)
|Test Conditions |pH |SS |
|1 |Air compressor |110 |
|2 |Crusher |97 |
|3 |Excavator |79～83 |
|4 |Bulldozer |85 |
|5 |Loader |85 |
|6 |Lifter |72 |
|7 |Winder |97 |
|8 |Truck (above 10t) |79～83 |
|9 |Crane |76 |
|10 |Electric saw |90 |
|11 |Welding machine |78 |
|12 |Grafter |80 |
|13 |Pavement roller |84 |
|14 |Pile driver |110 |
|15 |Vibrator |105 |
|16 |Concrete pump |85 |
|17 |Dredger |92 |
(2) Analysis of environmental impact of noise on construction site
The analysis of engineering pollution sources shows that the noise sources on construction site are machineries with high noise and during construction, and a lot of machineries are operated on site, and therefore the intensity of single unit equipment source is between 76 dB(A) and 110 dB(A). The construction equipment can not be prevented, because they are used outdoor. The attenuation of noise with the distance increase is as follows:
L2 =L1- 20log( r2/r1)
Wherein:
L2、L1——noise level at r1 and r2 away from the noise source;
r1、r2——the distance away from the noise source;
In calculation, r1＝1m.
Refer to table 5.1-10 for attenuation of equipment noise with the distance increase.
Table 5.1-10 Attenuation of Equipment Noise with the Distance Increase
|No. |Name of Noise |Noise |Noise level at different location from the noise source |
| |Source |Intensity | |
| | | |20m |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works |35.5(500) |14066.88 |
|2 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works |28.0(600) |14632.8 |
|3 |No. 3 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works |11.6(300) |2211.54 |
|4 |No. 7 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works |11.8(700) |7842.87 |
|5 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park (Huhe Town) Wastewater Treatment |67.6(400) |19306.56 |
| |Reuse Works | | |
|6 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park (Delingshan Town) Wastewater |45.08(400) |12874.85 |
| |Treatment Reuse Works | | |
|7 |Wulateqianqi County Processing Park (Xianfeng Town) Wastewater |32.4(530) |14013.21 |
| |Treatment Reuse Works | | |
|8 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Ruralized Grid Watercourse Works |—— |—— |
|9 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Bio-transition Zone Artificial Wetland and |—— |1118223 |
| |Non-point Source Pollution Control Demonstration Promotion Works | | |
(3) Construction Waste
The construction waste will be generated due to consumption and desertion of stones, clinkers and building materials during construction of all works. If the construction waste is not be handled promptly, it is not only unsightly and influence the landscape of the city, but also be blown to generate the dust raise phenomenon in gale and dry weather.
The soil and construction waste of the works transported outward is common solid waste without the toxic and harmful content. The waste can be used for filling the foundation of construction works specified by the municipal and planning departments, filling the swag or greening along the river for disposal. Rest waste can be delivered to local landfill site. Generally, disposal of the discard will not take the adverse impact on environment.
(4) Domestic Waste
In accordance with that the construction period is 36 months and the waste is 1.16kg/person·d, the domestic waste volume during construction period of all works is as shown in table 5.1-12. The total domestic waste output during construction is 977.4t which is delivered to the site specified by Environmental Sanitation Administration for disposal.
Table 5.1-12 Domestic Waste Volume during Construction of All Works
|No. |Works name |Number of |Domestic waste |Total domestic waste|
| | |constructor |volume (t/d) |volume (t) |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works |90 |0.10 |108.0 |
|2 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works |100 |0.12 |129.6 |
|3 |No. 3 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works |80 |0.093 |100.44 |
|4 |No. 7 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works |80 |0.093 |100.44 |
|5 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park (Huhe Town) Wastewater Treatment |90 |0.10 |108 |
| |Reuse Works | | | |
|6 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park (Delingshan Town) Wastewater Treatment |100 |0.12 |129.6 |
| |Reuse Works | | | |
|7 |Wulateqianqi County Processing Park (Xianfeng Town) Wastewater |120 |0.14 |151.2 |
| |Treatment Reuse Works | | | |
|8 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Ruralized Grid Watercourse Works |50 |0.058 |62.64 |
|9 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Bio-transition Zone Artificial Wetland and Non-point |70 |0.081 |87.48 |
| |Source Pollution Control Demonstration Promotion Works | | | |
|Total | | |977.4 |
During construction, daily life of the constructors will generate domestic waste at certain quantity. If the waste is not disposed promptly, at proper temperature, it will breed mosquitoes and insects, generate fetidity and transmit diseases, resulting in adverse impact on ambient environment. Therefore, the domestic waste shall be promptly delivered to the site specified by Environmental Sanitation Administration for disposal to avoid the impact on ambient environment.
5.1.5 Analysis of Ecological Impact
5.1.5.1 Project Construction
Impact of this project on ecological environment mainly refers to the damage of soil and natural vegetation caused by works construction and pipe-laying.
(1) Analysis of Soil and Water Loss
The construction the reclaimed water treatment facilities, the wastewater treatment reuse facilities and the Wuliangsuhai Lake artificial wetland belongs to the permanent land occupation. The vegetation shall be rooted up for construction of the reclaimed water treatment facilities and the wastewater treatment reuse facilities, resulting in reduction of vegetation coverage rate, which easily causes soil and water loss at little quantity. Besides, the earth excavation and filling change the soil structure, reduce the soil maturation degree, impact the productivity of soil after reclaim, but will not change the land utilization type. The permanent land occupation of the reclaimed water treatment facilities and the wastewater treatment reuse facilities mainly is the wasteland and some is the agricultural land, which will reduce the farm land at certain degree. The construction method of Wuliangsuhai Lake artificial wetland is artificial intensification of the existing reed field without changing the original utilization features of the land. The permanent land occupation of this works takes little ecological impact.
(2) Impact of Temporary Land Occupation
Construction of the pipeline network belongs to the temporary land occupation. The vegetation within 1-8m of the pipe trench is severely impacted. The crops will be recovered in a short time, but the trees and other vegetation will be recovered in a long time. During the temporary land occupation construction, strict topsoil protective measures shall be carried out to avoid unrecoverable impact. During excavation, the top soil (suggested thickness 30～50cm) shall be collected and stacked separately and the soil and water loss control measures shall be adopted. After construction, firstly fill the subsurface soil back, and then cover the top soil on the surface, and level up the site so as to reduce the impact on soil quality. As long as there is rational planning during construction, timely site cleaning and greening after construction, the adverse impact can be effectively controlled.
The disturbance of pipe-laying is low frequent and linear. Its impact is partial, temporary and recoverable after construction.
（3）soil and water loss
The impact of general project on soil and water loss mainly includes the following two aspects: vegetation damage during excavation of ground surface, resulting in soil and water loss in rainfall; damage of original vegetation caused by the temporary land occupation, resulting in increase of soil and water loss. If the raw material yard and discarded soil temporary stacking yard are not properly managed, soil and water loss phenomenon in form of sheet erosion and shallow ditch erosion etc. may easily happen.
The construction stages of this project in which the soil and water loss may happen mainly refer to ground excavation during pipe-laying, construction of reclaimed water facilities, wastewater treatment reuse facilities and Wuliangsuhai Lake artificial wetland and earthwork excavation.
In accordance with the soil and water conservation scheme of all works, the predicted results of soil and water loss are as follows:
1) Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works
Area of original topography and ground vegetation damaged during the construction of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works is 41.31hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 41.31hm2, total possible soil and water loss is 29,300 t and the newly increased soil and water loss is 20,200 t.
2) Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works
Area of original topography and ground vegetation damaged during the construction of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works is 13.47hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 13.36hm2, soil erosion caused by disturbance of the works is 50180t including 49084.96t soil and water loss during construction (including preparation period) and the newly increased soil and water loss is 24192.1 t.
3) No. 3 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works
Area of original topography and ground vegetation damaged during the construction of No. 3 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works is 19.66hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 17.21hm2, soil erosion caused by disturbance of the works is 2208.89t (including spontaneous recovery period) and the newly increased soil and water loss is 826.81t.
4) No. 7 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works
Area of original topography and ground vegetation damaged during the construction of No. 7 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works is 42.39hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 39.89hm2, soil erosion caused by disturbance of the works is 5062.26t (including spontaneous recovery period) and the newly increased soil and water loss is 2160.89t.
5) Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works
The soil and water loss type of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works during construction is complex erosion by wind and water (mainly the wind). The important predicted stage of the soil and water loss is the construction period and the operation period. The total disturbed ground area during construction is 62.93hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 51.77hm2, total possible soil and water loss is 17810.25t, and the newly increased soil and water loss is 12660.02t.
6) Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works
Area of original topography and ground vegetation damaged during the construction of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works is 55.76hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 55.76hm2, soil erosion caused by disturbance of the works is 12976.20t and the newly increased soil and water loss is 5131.45t.
7) Wulateqianqi County Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works
The soil and water loss type of Wulateqianqi County Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works during construction is complex erosion by wind and water (mainly the wind). The important predicted stage of the soil and water loss is the construction period. The total disturbed ground area during construction is 13.85hm2, soil and water loss area during construction (including preparation period) is 13.85hm2, and that during spontaneous recovery is 7.94hm2. Total possible soil and water loss is 1354.39t, increased by 556.69t; soil and water loss during construction is 586.60t, increased by 312.94t and during spontaneous recovery is 767.79t, increased by 243.75t.
8) Wuliangsuhai Lake Bio-transition Zone Artificial Wetland and Non-point Source Pollution Control Demonstration Promotion Works
Area of disturbed original topography and damaged ground vegetation is 6680.27hm2. During prediction, total soil and water loss caused by the works is 6239.80t including 4161.50t during construction and 2078.30t during spontaneous recovery, and the newly increased soil and water loss is 2312.80t.
9) Wuliangsuhai Lake Grid Watercourse Works
In accordance with the prediction, area of original topography and ground vegetation damaged during the construction of this works is 688.47hm2, total area of soil and water conservation facilities damaged is 3.87hm2, soil erosion caused by disturbance of the works is 58016.64t including 20152.84t during preparation and construction and 37863.8t during spontaneous recovery; the newly increased soil and water loss is 33760.27t including 14127.17t during preparation and construction and 19633.1t during recovery.
The soil and water loss of all works is as shown in table 5.1-13.
Table 5.1-13 The Soil and Water Loss of All Works
|No. |Works name |Soil and water loss volume (104t) |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works |2.93 |
|2 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park Reclaimed Water Supply Works |1.78 |
|3 |No. 3 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works |0.22 |
|4 |No. 7 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water Supply Works |0.51 |
|5 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park (Huhe Town) Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works |4.91 |
|6 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park (Delingshan Town) Wastewater Treatment Reuse Works|1.3 |
|7 |Wulateqianqi County Processing Park (Xianfeng Town) Wastewater Treatment Reuse |0.14 |
| |Works | |
|8 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Bio-transition Zone Artificial Wetland and Non-point Source |0.62 |
| |Pollution Control Demonstration Promotion Works | |
|9 |Wuliangsuhai Lake Grid Watercourse Works |1.41 |
5.1.5.2 Impact on Landscape Ecology
The coverage of this project is large. During the construction of pipeline network and lake area treatment works, the excavation and soil stacking will make the pipeline network laying area in disorder. Although there is the disclosure, the construction site will make the disorder impression; the spill of discarded soil during outward transportation will not only dirty the roads and but also raise the dusts, which will take adverse impact on surrounding landscape. Therefore, the cleaning work on construction site is very important. The impact on landscape during construction is short-term and recoverable.
5.1.5.3 Impact of Wuliangsuhai Lake Pollution Control Works in Construction Stage
1) Wuliangsuhai Lake Grid Watercourse Excavation Works
Suspended matters generated during grid watercourse construction will form a high density distributed zone around the construction site, resulting in species and quantity reduction of plankton and zooplankton. However, this impact is reversible. After completion of the works, the impact will eliminate soon. The disturbance of construction of grid watercourse on benthonic habitat will cause damage of habitat for zoobenthos, resulting in stable reduction of biocoenosis structure. Noise and air pollution generated by the construction of grid watercourse will take impact on birds and reduce the species and quantity of plankton and zooplankton, resulting in impact on wading birds. The mud yard and hydraulic fill works will damage original terrestrial vegetation, resulting in the loss of vegetation in species and quantity.
2) Wuliangsuhai Lake Artificial Wetland Works
Impact of the works on vegetation mainly refers to the damage of reed caused by land occupation. During construction, channel dredge and trench excavation excavate the subsoil out, which totally change the soil mass structure. During construction, vegetation on the excavation area is all damaged, and the vegetation at both sides of the trench is damaged and impacted at different degree; in the area with severe damage, not only the vegetation but also the soil is damaged, which will impact the further growth of vegetation; in moderate impacted area, during excavation, rolling and trample of machinery, vehicles and personnel and stack of excavated soil will cause severe damage of the plants and also slightly impact the soil; in slightly impacted area, activities of machinery, vehicles and personnel reduce and the corresponding impact is slight.
The wetland restoration works is at least 5km away from the core area of Wuliangsuhai Lake Waterfowl Natural Reserve. The construction area is outside the buffer zone of the natural reserve and will not directly impact the birds and their habitat, but during construction, there will be many machineries and constructors entering peripheral region of the reserve. If the protection is not strengthened, increase of noise of machineries and activities of constructors will indirectly impact the normal foraging and habitat of birds and the reserve.
Suspended matters generated during construction of stabilization and sedimentation pond will form a high density distributed zone around the construction site, resulting in species and quantity reduction of plankton and zooplankton. However, this impact is reversible. After completion of the works, the impact will eliminate soon. The disturbance of construction on benthonic habitat will cause damage of habitat for zoobenthos, resulting in stable reduction of biocoenosis structure. Noise and air pollution generated by the construction will take impact on birds and reduce the species and quantity of plankton and zooplankton, resulting in impact on wading birds.
5.1.6 Social Environmental Impact Analysis
5.1.6.1 Impact on Traffic
Impact on traffic during construction mainly includes the following three aspects: ① road break for pipeline network holds up the traffic; ② stacking of soil and road excavation hold up the traffic; ③ transportation vehicles increase the traffic flow.
Main impact of construction on traffic is on road traffic, detailed in table 5.1-14.
Table 5.1-14 Impact of Construction on Traffic
|Construction Item |Works with Impact |Impact on Traffic |Mitigation Measures |
|Material |All works |①Increase the traffic flow of city proper |①Strengthen the traffic dispatch and |
|transportation | |and impact the traffic smooth. |control to avoid peak traffic. |
| | |②Spill of soil, stones and sands during |②Strengthen the education of drivers, |
| | |transportation impacts the safety of |prohibit to over load, promptly clean |
| | |traffic and damage the pavement. |the spilled material. |
|Pipeline construction|Reclaimed water supply and |Damage pavement, soil is stacked, impact |①Construct in stages, and try to |
| |processing park wastewater |the traffic |complete excavation and backfill in a |
| |treatment reuse works | |short period. |
| | | |②Set up temporary road and warning |
| | | |marks and appoint special person to |
| | | |relieve the traffic |
Impact of construction of pipeline network on traffic is obvious. Although the staged construction method can be adopted, during construction, there is always some soil to be stacked temporarily, which will impact the traffic along the pipeline and plant area. When pipelines cross the roads, if adopt the trenching method, it may block the vehicles, resulting in great impact on traffic. Therefore, if the geology and soil conditions are applicable, pipe jacking construction method will reduce the impact of road excavation during construction. During this period, bearing force (supporting capacity) of the roads will reduce, and therefore the truck shall be prohibited in a short period, which will impact the traffic. According to estimation, 20 days are needed for pipeline crossing every road, and thus the impact on traffic of this road will last 20 days. Therefore, detailed planning and speed-up construction shall be needed, try to adopt the pipe jacking construction method, work out the temporary route with the local traffic administration before construction, inform the residents in impacted area in advance, set up warning plates on construction site and appoint special person to relieve the traffic. Beside, adopt management strengthening during construction and construction period shortening and other measures to avoid traffic jam.
The transportation of raw material (sandstones, cement etc.) and discarded soil will increase the traffic flow in a short period. Therefore, the transportation shall not be carried out in traffic peak, especially the morning and evening peak.
5.1.6.2 Health and Safety
This works includes many works, such as reclaimed water supply works, wastewater treatment reuse works and Wuliangsuhai Lake comprehensive treatment works. The construction sites are in different banners and counties. The works not only includes reclaimed water treatment facilities and wastewater treatment reuse facilities, but also includes pipelines of rainwater, wastewater and reclaimed water, water fetching and supply pump stations, and excavation of Wuliangsuhai Lake grid and artificial wetland construction. Therefore, there are many constructors from all corners of the land and the mobility is strong. Because the construction places and construction sites of all works are not centralized. Living and sanitary conditions are poor and labor intensity is strong, and therefore diseases may be easily transmitted. In order to guarantee the construction safety, complete physical examination shall be carried out for all constructors. Constructors with infectious diseases are prohibited to enter the construction site. Regular physical examination shall be carried out for the personnel in canteen of all works. If the personnel has the infectious disease, the personnel shall be promptly cured and not work in the canteen to prevent the disease transmission. The centralized water supply facilities shall be equipped in each construction site. The water source shall be sterilized and monitored. The construction site shall be provided with the medical facilities. Labor protection measures shall be carried out for constructors to protect their health and safety so as to make the construction smooth.
5.2 Environmental Impact Analysis of Operation Period
5.2.1 Reclaimed Water Supply Works
5.2.1.1 Reclaimed water treating process and pollution factors analysis
Treating processes of reclaimed water supply projects are different because of water quality of their sources. Except for the project of Wulatehouqi County Manufacture Park where raw water is only treated by disinfection, the other projects add relative process units like the pre-aeration tank and the RO workshop based on conventional treatment such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration to guarantee quality of reclaimed water. Refer to Fig. 5.2-1 for treating process of reclaimed water and discharge nodes.
Main positions generating and discharging pollutants during operation of the project：
(1) Waste gas
Waste gases of the reclaimed water supply project are chlorine dioxide G1 leaked from the chlorine dioxide generator that runs with fault; and fugitive emission odor G2 from the sludge pump house, the sludge thickener, sludge dewaterer house and the sludge yard;
In addition, the plant with pre-aeration process includes odor gas G3 from the pre-aeration unit.
(2) Waste water
Waste water of the planned project during operation comes from the reaction sedimentation tank for sludge thickening W1, filter backwashing W2, sludge dewatering and filter pressing W3 and wastewater, containing main pollutants such as SS, CODcr and BOD5.
Otherwise, the plants with RO process also include brine W4.
(3) Solid waste
Sludge S1 is generated by the flocculating tank, sedimentation, filtration sand cylinder, automatic valveless gravity filter and so on. Furthermore, a little domestic garbage.
(4) Noise
Noise comes from the intake pump house N1, intermediate lift pump house N2, back wash pump house N3, blower house N4, sludge pump house N5 and sludge dewaterer house N6.
5.2.1.2 Pollution source analysis for the project
According to intake water quality of the project, dosage, and the principle of material balance, confirm pollution source intensity of each engineering.
(1) Waste gas pollution source intensity
H2S and NH3 are used as the characteristic pollutants of waste gas for environmental assessment of odor from the plant. The analogy method is used to determine fugitive emission odor pollution source intensity of each engineering, odor emission coefficient of each treating unit can be characterized by emission in unit duration and on unit area. Based on data of Tianjin Jizhuangzi WWTP, Hangzhou Sipu WWTP and Stage I of Shenzhen Baoan Gushu WWTP, determine odorant emission coefficient of each plant in this project, refer to Table 5.2-1. Waste gas source intensity can be estimated according to surface area of designed structures. The feasibility study report does not provide any deodorizing measures, so the bio-deodorization method is recommended to treat main odor pollution source. Refer to Table 5.2-2 for generation of odor pollution source and emission intensity of each plant.
Table 5.2-1 Emission coefficient of odor pollutant on unit area of structures at the plant
|Structure |NH3(mg/s.m2) |H2S(mg/s.m2) |
|Coarse grille and intake pump house, thin grille and aeration sand tank |0.30 |1.39×10-3 |
|Sludge tank, sludge bin and sludge thickening and dewatering house |0.10 |7.12×10-3 |
[pic]
Fig. 5.2-1 Process flow and discharge nodes of the plant
Table 5.2-2 Odor pollution source intensity of treating structures at each plant
|No. |Project |Structure |Area |Output of odor pollution source |Measures for |Efficiency of |Emission of odor pollution source |
| | | | | |deodorization |deodorization | |
| | | | |NH3 |H2S | | |
| | | | | |Pollutant |Concentration (mg/L) |
|1 |Intake pump N1 |6 |95 |Intake pump house |Measures such as |Noise reduction 25dB(A) |
| | | | | |silencing, damping, | |
| | | | | |indoor sound | |
| | | | | |insulation and so | |
| | | | | |on. | |
|2 |Line lift pump N2 |4 |95 |Lift pump house | |Noise reduction 25dB(A) |
|3 |Filter back wash pump|2 |95 |Back wash | |Noise reduction 25dB(A) |
| |N3 | | |comprehensive house | | |
|4 |Filter back wash |2 |110 | | |Noise reduction 25dB(A) |
| |blower N4 | | | | | |
|5 |Sludge pump N5 |2 |95 |Sludge dewatering | |Noise reduction 25dB(A) |
| | | | |house | | |
|6 |Dewatering house |2 |90 | | |Noise reduction 25dB(A) |
| |press filter N6 | | | | | |
(4) Solid waste
In order to protect surface water bodies and use water resource reasonably, it is necessary to separate solid and liquid of sludge water during operation of the plant. Sludge water drained from the sedimentation should be collected in the balancing tank, and then transport sludge after thickening and dewatering. Filter back wash waste water is drained to the waste water tank and lifted to the front end for reusing by the pump. Solid waste from each plant of the project is mainly sludge after thickening and dewatering and domestic garbage. Sludge quantity of the reclaimed water project is calculated according to SS concentration of inlet water and consumption of flocculant. Sludge is treated by centrifugal dewatering with water content 75%. Since there is no hazard chemicals, no poison, which may be used as cover soil of landfills, backfill soil of municipal road construction and brickmaking. While domestic garbage from the reclaimed water supply projects is calculated as 1.16kg/d·person, which should be collected and delivered to the environmental sanitation administrations. Refer to Table 5.2-5 for solid waste of each reclaimed water supply project.
Table 5.2-5 Solid waste of each reclaimed water supply project
|No. |Project |Solid waste |Output |Compositions and |Water |Comprehensive |Treatment and |
| | | |(t/a) |characters |content(%) |utilization and |quantity (t/a) |
| | | | | | |quantity (t/a) | |
|1 |Reclaimed water |Sludge |3066.0 |Solid-liquid, |75.0 |To the solid waste |—— |
| |supply project of | | |innocuity | |treatment center of | |
| |Wulatehouqi County| | | | |Wulatehouqi County | |
| |Manufacture Park | | | | |Manufacture Park | |
| | |Domestic |10.59 |Solid, innocuity |—— |—— |Clean and landfill |
| | |garbage | | | | |by the |
| | | | | | | |environmental |
| | | | | | | |sanitation |
| | | | | | | |administration |
|2 |Reclaimed water |Sludge |339.88 |Solid-liquid, |75.0 |To the solid waste |—— |
| |supply project of | | |innocuity | |treatment center of | |
| |3rd Drainage Canal| | | | |Hangjin Rear Banner | |
| | | | | | |Manufacture Park | |
| | |Domestic |5.93 |Solid, innocuity |—— |—— |Clean and landfill |
| | |garbage | | | | |by the |
| | | | | | | |environmental |
| | | | | | | |sanitation |
| | | | | | | |administration |
|3 |Reclaimed water |Sludge |573.48 |Solid-liquid, |75.0 |To the solid waste |—— |
| |supply project of | | |innocuity | |treatment center of | |
| |7th Drainage Canal| | | | |Wuyuan Manufacture | |
| | | | | | |Park | |
| | |Domestic |5.93 |Solid, innocuity |—— |—— |Clean and landfill |
| | |garbage | | | | |by the |
| | | | | | | |environmental |
| | | | | | | |sanitation |
| | | | | | | |administration |
|4 |Reclaimed water |Sludge |621.36 |Solid-liquid, |75.0 |To the solid waste |—— |
| |supply project of | | |innocuity | |treatment center of | |
| |Ganqimaodu Port | | | | |Ganqimaodu Port | |
| |Manufacture Park | | | | |Manufacture Park | |
| | |Domestic |12.7 |Solid, innocuity |—— |—— |Clean and landfill |
| | |garbage | | | | |by the |
| | | | | | | |environmental |
| | | | | | | |sanitation |
| | | | | | | |administration |
5.2.1.3 The environmental impact analysis of regenerated water project project
1） Environmental Impact Analysis of Surface Water
The effluent discharge of the reclaimed water supply works are consist of sedimentation tank muddy water, back flushing water of filter tank, filter-pressing waste water of sludge and domestic wastewater. In addition, the effluent discharge of Ganqimaodu port processing park and No. 7 Drainage Canal reclaimed water supply works also include ultra-filtration reverse osmosis tail water because of reverse osmosis workshop.
← The muddy water from sedimentation tank and back flushing water from filter tank of the reclaimed water supply works are discharged into plant sludge pool for sedimentation concentration, dewatered by the filter press in dewatering room and carried out in form of mud cake, leaving the supernatant solution back flow into flocculating setting tank along with new water for treatment. The filter-pressed waste water from dewatered room makes back-flow into front distribution well along with new water for treatment after settlement.
← The tail water from ultra filtration and reverse osmosis process in reclaimed water supply works in Wulatehouqi County Processing Park, No. 3 and 7 Drainage Canals and Ganqimaodu port processing park reclaimed water supply works are all treated by coagulating sedimentation and then piped into front distribution well along with new water for restoration process, leaving the waste water un-discharged.
← The domestic water of this reclaimed water supply works is treated with different methods and ways based on the surrounding infrastructure conditions. The domestic water from Wulatehouqi County processing park reclaimed water supply works will be diverted to its wastewater treatment works for treatment and that of No. 3 and 7 Drainage Canals are diverted to their corresponding Hangjin Rear Banner and Wuyuan County Wastewater Treatment Plants, leaving that of Ganqimaodu Port to be treated by the plant ground-embedded biochemical treatment equipment in accordance with the requirements of The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water.—Water Quality Standard for Miscellaneous Water Consumption (GB/T18920-2002)without drainage.
Therefore, this project has no effluent discharge making no impact on the surface water environment.
2） Environmental Impact Analysis of Waste Gas
The reclaimed water supply works will not bear any odor, yet, produce slight odor in the sludge tank, thickener tank and sludge thickening dewatering room. In addition, the reclaimed water supply works of pr-eaeration unit also produces odor. Since the water source of this reclaimed water supply works are inevitable in bringing slight pollution of water. Therefore, the odor is too slight to making environmental hazard. And since the sludge treatment area of this reclaimed water supply works is equally distributed at the down-wind direction of water treatment plant along with green isolated area to separate production and living areas, therefore, waste gas will not have any impact on the plant production and living.
3） Acoustic Environmental Impact Assessment
According to the property and environmental characteristics of sound, the corresponding computation schema shall be used to calculate the sound level of sound source for future position. Efforts shall be also made to estimate the acoustic environmental impact of the project after completion.
(1)Acoustic Environment Quality Forecast Mode
The forecast mode selected based on requirements of acoustic environment assessment guide rules shall be simplified according to concrete conditions.
① Octave band pressure level of outdoor point sound source for future position
a. Octave band pressure level of one point sound source for future position
[pic]
Among which：Loct(r)——Octave band pressure level of point sound source for future position；
Loct(r0)——Octave band pressure level of reference position r0；
r——Distance from future position to sound source，m；
r0——Distance from reference position to sound source，m；
ΔLoct——Decrement caused by all kinds of factors, including acoustic barrier, air absorption and ground effect.
b. If the octave band pressure level (Lw cot) of sound source is known and considering source is above ground, then
Lcot=Lwcot-20lgr0-8
c.Caculaitng the sound level A (LA) of this sound source by all octave band pressure levels：
[pic]
Among the formula, Δli stand for the correction value of weighing networks A.
d. Synthesis of sound level of sound sources for future position
[pic]
② Prediction of indoor point sound source
a. Octave band pressure level of sound source for near building enclosure：
[pic]
Among the formula：r1 is the distance from indoors sound source point to building enclosure；
R is room constant；
Q is directional factor.
b. Total octave band pressure level of outdoors sound source for near building enclosure：
[pic]
c. Total sound pressure level of outdoors near building enclosure：
Loct,1(T)=Lｏct,1(T)-(Tloct+6)
d. Conversing the outdoor sound pressure level into equivalent outdoors sound source：
Lw oct=Loct,2(T)+10lgS
Among the formula：S is area of acoustic permeability.
e. Since the equivalent outdoors sound source is the position of building enclosure and its octave band sound power level is Lw oct, the sound level of outdoors equivalent sound source for future position is calculated according to outdoors sound source method.
③ Superposition of Sound Level
[pic]
(2)Predictions
The noise equipment of proposed works is all indoors. The above forecast mode shall be used to calculate the noise level of plant boundaries and predicate the acoustic environmental impact upon the superposition with current noise value. See table 5.2-6 for the results.
Table 5.2-6 Predictions of Acoustic Environment Quality at Test Points of Plant Boundary (dB (A))
|Works Name |Test Points |Days and Nights |Night |
| | |Current Situation |Impact |
|1 |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park |Wulatehouqi County Processing Park |658.8 |
| |Reclaimed Water Supply Works |Wastewater Treatment Works | |
| | |Main Drainage Ditch |597.4 |
| | |Yongmingmeizi |70.0 |
| | |Underground Water |211.0 |
| | |Total |1537.2 |
|2 |No. 3 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water |No. 3 Drainage Canal Wastewater |439.2 |
| |Supply Works |Treatment Plant | |
| | |No. 3 Drainage Ditch |512.4 |
| | |Underground Water |256.2 |
| | |Total |1207.8 |
|3 |No. 7 Drainage Canal Reclaimed Water |No.7 Drainage Canal Wastewater |481.7 |
| |Supply Works |Treatment Plant | |
| | |No. 7 Drainage Ditch |483.12 |
| | |Underground Water |242.98 |
| | |Total |1207.8 |
|4 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park |Main Drainage Ditch |2067.6 |
| |Reclaimed Water Supply Works | | |
| | |Total |2067.6 |
The water intaking amount of this project of reclaimed water supply works using effluent of wastewater treatment plants as source is 15.797 million m3/a, which will not only save a great amount of water resources, improve the utilization but reduce emission of pollutants.
The water intaking amount of Wulatehouqi County and Ganqimaodu port processing park reclaimed water supply works from the main drainage ditch is 26.65 million m3/a and that of No. 3 and 7 reclaimed water supply works from No. 3 and 7 drainage ditches are 512.4 and 48.312 million m3/a. The water intaking amount of reclaimed water supply works in winter is 7.1018 million m3/a.
According to the research report on the reasonable allocation of Bayannaoer City water resources, the available water resources of Bayannaoer in normal years is 6.23 billion m3, among which the normal average annual water taking from Yellow River is 5.2 billion m3, the degree of mineralization of industrial, agricultural and urban populous area is 2g/l and exportable groundwater is 0.85 billion m3. In 2002, the practical exportable groundwater for industrial and agricultural purposes reached 0.58 billion m3. In 2003, because of water shortage of Yellow River and fighting for drought, the production volume in Hetao Area and along-mountain region was 0.78 billion m3, which was very close to the available volume. Some areas have become overdraft hopper zone. By 2010, except over-intaking water from Yellow River for agriculture, the ecological water shortage is 0.303 billion m3. And the demand of underground water will increase to 1.118 million m3 from 0.58 million m3. The gap of underground water with mineralization less than 2g/l will reach 0.268 billion m3. The gap will also reach 35 million m3 even using the water with mineralization between 2-5g/l. The water shortage problem will be the principal contradiction that restricts the economic and social development of Bayannaoer city.
Therefore, the implementation of this project may reduce a groundwater exploitation of 52.4022 million m3 protecting underground water, releasing the shortage of water resources and promoting the economic and social development of Bayannaoer.
5.2.2 Wastewater treatment and recycling engineering in Processing Park
5.2.2.1 Analysis of waste water treatment and reclaimed processing and pollution factors
The secondary waste water treatment processing in each waste water treatment and reclamation project adopts A/A/0, and reclaimed water treatment processing adopts coagulation – sedimentation – filtration. Refer to Fig. 3.2-3 for waste water treatment and reclamation processing.
Pollution factors during construction and operation of the waste water treatment and reclamation project is similar with the reclaimed water supply project, refer to Section5.2.1.1。
5.2.2.2 Pollution source analysis of the waste water treatment and reclamation project
(1) Odor pollution source
During operating of the WWTP, odor pollutants are generated by metabolism of organism such as the microorganism, protozoan and zoogloea, main compositions are H2S and NH3, the main emission sources are the grille house, the water intake pump house, the rotational flow grit chamber, bio-reaction tank and sludge treatment structures.
The bio-deodorization method is recommended for each waste water treatment and reclamation engineering in this project, which may collect and exhaust odor from the grille house, the intake water house, the rotational flow grit chamber and the sludge treatment structures, in this evaluation, it is considered as the point source. Because the bio-reaction tank of each WWTP has large area and large air quantity during aeration, odor is hard to collection, it is considered as the area source in this evaluation.
Since there is no systematic public data for estimation odor output of a WWTP in China, the analogy method is used to determine odor source intensity here.
1. Point source intensity
Shanghai Longhua WWTP has similar waste water source with this project, where CAST bio-treatment processing is used with actual treatment quantity of 80, 000t/d.
Shanghai Environmental Science Institute measured strongest odor sources of Hualong WWTP in 2002-2004 for many times, for example the sludge thickener, the sludge yard and the grille well. Refer to Table 5.2-8 for the results of odor monitoring.
Table 5.2-8 Odor source intensity monitoring results at Longhua WWTP
|Item |Sludge thickener and dewatering house |Grille well |
| |(Strongest odor source) |(Pre-treatment area) |
|H2S |Max. |0.35 |0.046 |
|(mg/m3) | | | |
| |Average |0.27 |0.024 |
|NH3 |Max. |5.98 |0.134 |
|(mg/m3) | | | |
| |Average |3.01 |0.108 |
Since odor emission of WWTPs is not stable, which depends on many factors such as climate and weather conditions. In view of conservative engineering, the Max. monitoring values are used for analogy in this environmental assessment, refer to Table 5.2-9 for odor source intensity of each WWTP.
Table 5.2-9 Result of odor pollutant analogy
|Item |Sludge thickener and dewatering |Grille well |
| |house |(Pre-treatment area) |
| |(Strongest odor source) | |
|Waste water treatment and |H2S(mg/m3) |0.09 |0.012 |
|reclamation project of Wulatehouqi| | | |
|County Manufacture Park (Huhe | | | |
|Town) | | | |
| |NH3(mg/m3) |1.50 |0.034 |
|Waste water treatment project of |H2S(mg/m3) |0.13 |0.017 |
|Wulateqianqi County Manufacture | | | |
|Park (Xianfeng Town) | | | |
| |NH3(mg/m3) |2.21 |0.05 |
|Waste water treatment and |H2S(mg/m3) |0.13 |0.017 |
|reclamation project of Ganqimaodu | | | |
|Port Manufacture Park (Delingshan | | | |
|Town) | | | |
| |NH3(mg/m3) |2.21 |0.05 |
Odor from pollution sources of each WWTP will be collected and sent to the bio-filter at the deodorization room and then exhausted through the exhaust mast. Efficiency of bio-deodorization is about 90%, design blower air delivery of each WWTP is 4500m3/h. After bio-deodorization, refer to Table 5.2-10 for odor exhaust rate of each WWTP.
Table 5.2-10 Odor exhaust rate
|Item |Exhaust rate (kg/h) |
|Waste water treatment project of Wulatehouqi County Manufacture Park |H2S |0.10×10-3 |
|(Huhe Town) | | |
| |NH3 |1.53×10-3 |
|Waste water treatment project of Wulateqianqi County Manufacture Park|H2S |0.15×10-3 |
| |NH3 |2.26×10-3 |
|Waste water treatment and reclamation project of Ganqimaodu Port |H2S |0.15×10-3 |
|Manufacture Park (Delingshan Town) | | |
| |NH3 |2.26×10-3 |
② Area source intensity
According to relative source intensity data of Fuzhou Yangli WWTP (5×104m3/d), in consideration of intake water quality of the WWTP, because NH3-N balance relation in water forms non-ion free ammonia, estimate free ammonia concentration in the bio-aeration system and possible in-air NH3 in various pH and water temperature in the gross, and refer to Table 5.2-11 for average NH3 exhaust quantity of the bio-aeration system.
Table 5.2-11 Estimation of NH3 exhaust quantity of the aeration tank system
| |Water |Original waste water free ammonia |NH3 blow-off |Bio-aeration system average NH3 |
|PH |temperature |concentration mg/L |(Gas-water ratio 6.19) (mg/L) |exhaust quantity (mg/s) |
| |℃ | | | |
| | | |Not consider |Consider |Waste water quantity 5×104t/d |
| | | |nitrification |nitrification| |
|7 |30 |0.14 |0.11 |0.03 |8.7 |
| |5 |0.06 |0.02 |0.01 |2.9 |
|8 |30 |2.24 |0.179 |0.054 |15.7 |
| |5 |0.28 |0.06 |0.02 |5.8 |
Based on relative experience, exhaust intensity of H2S can be estimated in the gross at about 10% of exhaust intensity of NH3. In view of conservative engineering, the Max. monitoring values are used for analogy in this environmental assessment, refer to Table 5.2-12 for odor source intensity of bio-aeration tank at each WWTP.
Table 5.2-12 Odor exhaust rate
|Item |Exhaust rate (kg/h) |
|Waste water treatment and reclamation project of Wulatehouqi County |H2S |2.26×10-3 |
|Manufacture Park (Huhe Town) | | |
| |NH3 |2.26×10-2 |
|Waste water treatment project of Wulateqianqi County Manufacture Park|H2S |3.39×10-3 |
| |NH3 |3.39×10-2 |
|Waste water treatment and reclamation project of Ganqimaodu Port |H2S |3.39×10-3 |
|Manufacture Park (Delingshan Town) | | |
| |NH3 |3.39×10-2 |
(2) Water pollution source
No waste water drain outside in each WWTP of this project, waste water will be treated further and then used for production and planting in the parks. According to discharge nodes analysis of each WWTP, main nodes producing water are sludge thickening and dewatering, filter backwashing, wastewater and equipment cleaning. Refer to Table 5.2-13 for quantity of waste water.
Table 5.2-13 Waste water output (m3/a)
|Item |Wulatehouqi County |Ganqimaodu Port |Wulateqianqi County|Final treatment |
|Type | | | | |
|Sludge dewater |15×103 |22.5×103 |22.5×103 |Return to the front end of the WWTP |
|Backwash |-- |14.6×103 |14.6×103 |Return to the front end of the WWTP |
|Wastewater |2100 |2100 |1140 |Return to the front end of the WWTP |
|Cleaning |730 |730 |730 |Return to the front end of the WWTP |
(3) Solid wastes
When the project starts operation, solid wastes mainly are the grille dreg, grit chamber sludge, excess sludge and domestic garbage.
① Grille dreg and sand
Most fine grille dregs are blocky solid materials, including both inorganic and organic substances, like domestic garbage. Stop diameter of a fine grille is substances with diameter more than 6mm; while grit is inorganic particles, such as argillaceous silt and carpolite. The rotational flow grit chamber removes oily substances and sand particles with specific gravity more than 2.65 and grain size more than 0.22mm mainly.
According to Code of outdoor drainage design, grit quantity of urban waste water can be calculated as 0.03kg/m3, while quantity of grille dreg can be calculated as 0.1 kg/m3, refer to Table 3.3-12 for the output.
Treatment of dreg and grit is performed by the grille machine, the belt conveyor, and the presser, which may avoid odor emission and vermination. After treatment, they can be landfilled as urban garbage.
② Sludge
Excess sludge in the sludge tank will be lifted to the combined thickening and dewatering machine with 0.5% high molecular organic flocculant PAM. Water content of sludge after dewatering should be less than 80%, refer to Table 3.3-12 for dewatering sludge quantity.
③ Domestic garbage
According to the Stat. data of Bayannaoer garbage station, average garbage output per day per capita is about 0.8kg/d, it is reduced by half for employees. So garbage quantity can be calculation by employees during operation of each plant. Refer to Table 3.3-12 for details.
By calculation, refer to Table 5.2-14 for solid waste output of each waste water treatment and reclamation plant.
Table5.2-14 Main solid waste output of each plant (t/a)
|Item |Wulatehouqi County |Ganqimaodu Port |Wulateqianqi County |Final treatment |
|Type | | | | |
|Grille dreg and grit |949 |1265 |1265 |To the landfill |
|Sludge |1155 |1576 |1576 |To the landfill |
|Wastewater |3 |5 |5 |To the landfill |
|Total |2107 |2846 |2846 | |
(4) Noise pollution source
Noise sources of all waste water treatment and reclamation plants during operation are same basically, main noise source comes from the pump house, the sludge thickening and dewatering equipments, and the blower house. Refer to Table 5.2-15 for equipment quantity and noise values of equipments.
Table 5.2-15 Main equipments with high noise at the plant
|Section |Equipment with high noise |Near-field sound level dB(A) |
|Water intake pump house |Waste water pump |90-95 |
|CAST tank or CASS tank |Reflux sludge pump |85-90 |
| |Excess sludge pump |80-85 |
|Blower house |Centrifugal blower |100-105 |
|Sludge thickening and dewatering house |Sludge thickening and dewatering machine |90-100 |
| |Flushing pump |90 |
| |Dosing pump |90 |
|Deodorization room |Blower house |100-105 |
| |Flushing pump |90 |
5.2.2.3 The environmental impact analysis of wastewater treatment project
1）Prediction and Analysis of malodor Environmental Effect
(1) Pollutant concentration prediction
The evaluation is to predict pollutant concentration, taking Wastewater treatment and recycling plant in Processing Park in Wulateqianqi County as an example. Pollutant concentrations in the other two plants is the same or lower than this wastewater treatment plant, so the prediction can be analyzed as a reference for the other 2 plants.
According to the prediction of pollutant sources of NH3 and H2S in the previous section, SCREEN estimation model, recommended by Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2008), is adopted to predict the sphere of influence of discharge concentration. Point source and point source prediction results are shown in Table 5.2-16 and 5.2-17.
Table 5.2-16 predictions under point source estimation model
Source 1: NH3 Source 2: H2S
Predict downwind concentrations of Ci1 (μg/m3) predict downwind concentrations of Ci1 (μg/m3)
|downwind Distance from the source center D |Pollution Source 1: NH3 |Pollution Source 2： H2S |
|(m) | | |
| |Predicted concentration downwind Ci1(μg/|Predicted concentration downwind Ci1(μg/|
| |m3) |m3) |
|10 |0.2688E-17 |0.1792E-18 |
|100 |0.07 |0.005 |
|200 |0.09 |0.006 |
|300 |0.10 |0.007 |
|500 |0.08 |0.006 |
|1000 |0.05 |0.004 |
|1500 |0.06 |0.004 |
|2000 |0.05 |0.003 |
Table 5.2-17 Predictions under Area Source estimation model
|downwind Distance from the source center D |Pollution Source 1: NH3 |Pollution Source 2： H2S |
|(m) | | |
| |Predicted concentration downwind |Predicted concentration downwind |
| |Ci1(μg/m3) |Ci1(μg/m3) |
|10 |1.143 |0.114 |
|100 |11.37 |1.137 |
|200 |10.54 |1.054 |
|300 |9.911 |0.991 |
|500 |9.266 |0.926 |
|1000 |4.826 |0.482 |
|1500 |2.883 |0.288 |
|2000 |1.943 |0.194 |
According to Table 5.2-16 and Table 5.2-17, the largest point source concentration of NH3 and H2S is 0.10 × 10-3mg/m3 and 0.007 × 10-3mg/m3, accounting for 0.05% and 0.07% of the maximum allowable emission of the harmful substances in “ health standards Industrial Enterprises Design”(TJ36-1979 ). The largest area source concentration of NH3 and H2S is 0.011g/m3 0.001mg/m3, accounting for 5.5% and 10% of the maximum allowable emission of harmful substances in atmosphere in " health standards Industrial Enterprises Design " (TJ36-1979 ).
In Totalmary, the concentration of NH3 and H2S emissions of the wastewater treatment plants is low, thus have little influence on the surrounding atmosphere.
(2) Health protection distance
According to "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB18918-2002), the new site (including reform, expansion) of urban Wastewater treatment plant should be consistent with the overall planning requirements of local urban and rural construction. Green belt should be built around urban wastewater treatment plants, and certain protective distance should be kept, the size of which is determined by the environmental impact assessment.
The evaluation is to calculate the Health Protection distance based on the example of wastewater treatment plant in Wulateqianqi County. The scale of pollution Source of the other two plants is the same, so the health protection distance is applied accordingly. The calculation method, which is about unorganized harmful gas emissions of health protection distance given in" local technical methods of air pollutant emission standards (GB/T3840-91) ", is adopted, and it is as follows:
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The meaning of symbols and units are shown in Table 5.2-18.
Table 5.2-18 List of symbols
|NO |Symbol |Meaning |Unit |
|1 |Qc |control level of non-organization emissions standards |kg/h |
|2 |Cm |Standard concentration limits |mg/Nm3 |
|3 |L |Required Health Protection distance of industrial enterprises |m |
|4 |R |Equivalent radius of emission sources in production unit |m |
|5 |A 、B、C、D |Calculation parameters of Health Protection distance | |
Table 5.2-19 List of source concentration parameter
| |NH3 |H2S |
|Qc |0.15kg/h |3.39×10-3kg/h |
|Cm |0.20mg/Nm3 |0.01mg/Nm3 |
|L |15 |35 |
|S |800 |
|A 、B、C、D |A=350、B=0.021、C=1.85、D=0.84 |
According to the prediction, health protection distance of NH3 and H2S is calculated as 15m and 35m. According to the relevant provisions of technical methods of development of local air pollution emission standard (GB/T3840-91), health protection distance of the wastewater treatment plant is 50m.
All the wastewater treatment plant sites selected in the project are 500m away from residents, so the impact of the project on the surrounding residents is within the permission of the state. According to forecasts and integrated analysis of analog, the project has little effect on the regional air environment and will not have a significant impact on the neighborhood.
2） Water environment impact analysis
(1) Surface water environment impact analysis
The water process link of various wastewater treatment and reclaimed wateris water sedimentation, sludge thickening, filter backwash water and cleaning life water and water for equipment. The wastewater of this part goes from the wastewater pipes in the plant and then will be collected and processed in the wastewater treatment without discharging and have no impact on surface water.
In addition, the scale of wastewater treatment and water recycling project in Ganqimaodu Port processing park is 30,000 m3 / d, the scale of renewable water treatment is 2.4 m3/ d, and the remaining 6,000 m3 / d water discharge into the main channel as a landscape of water; Wulateqianqi County wastewater treatment and reuse of the wastewater capacity is 30,000 m3 / d, and the scale of renewable water treatment is 2 m3 / d, and the remaining 10,000 m3/ d water discharge into the fourth channel as a landscape. The above two wastewater treatment plants is implemented according to standard A of "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Emission Standards," and also meet the need of landscape water requirements. It will not be drained totally and has little impact on the water quality of the fourth channel. The treated wastewater of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park goes into wastewater treatment plants of Wulatehouqi County to be recycled without discharging.
Meanwhile, due to the wastewater treatment and the construction project of regenerated water cycling, it enhances the industrial wastewater treatment, increases water reuse rate, reduce pollutants load from processing parks effectively and decrease the quantity of pollutant discharged into rivers and benefit water quality improvement in the project area. After the project of wastewater treatment and recycling is completed, according to wastewater treatment capacity of 80,000 m3/ d, reuse water of 64 000 t / d, it can save water 22.63 million m3/ a, reduce water pollutants CODcr 14271t / a, BOD8694t / a, ammonia 697t / a. It is of great importance to reduce regional water pollutants discharge load. In Totalmary, after the project of the wastewater treatment and reclaimed water reuse project is completed and operated, it can effectively reduce the regional emissions, and can promote regional water environment with little impact on surface water bodies.
(2) Analysis of groundwater environmental impact
After the completion and operation of wastewater treatment plants, domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater of all processing parks will be discharged into the wastewater treatment plant. The construction of pipe network collection and harmless treatment of wastewater reduces the bad effect of water infiltration on underground water pollution in processing parks. Therefore, the implementation of the project has a positive influence on regional groundwater environment. However, in the course of operation of the project, strict measures should be taken to prevent leakage of wastewater pipes and wastewater treatment facilities and avoid leachate into the groundwater in the course of dumping sludge. Seepage coefficient is less than 10-7 cm / s, the sludge generated by the project will be removed periodically, and sludge-dumping ground will be seepage proofing to ensure the effective protection of groundwater sources.
3） Acoustic Environmental Impact Prediction and Analysis
(1) Prediction model
In accordance with HJ/T2.3-95 “environmental impact assessment technology guidance Acoustic Environment”, the noise source is regarded as a state of semi-free point source. It is tested in noise source coordinate system and floor plan to identify noise sources position, forecast positions, the distance between forecast position and sound source according to forecasts point. Equivalent sound level of sound pressure at any point LeqdB (A) is calculated with accordance of air attenuation model of acoustic energy in the environment.
1. the effect of single point sound source on predicted position, the mode of calculation is as follows:
LA (r) = LA (r0)-20lg (r/r0)
The formula: LA (r) - sound level value from sound source r, dB (A);
LA (r0) - sound level value from reference position r0, dB (A);
r - distance between predicted point and sound source, m; distance between reference position and sound source, 1m.
2. noise sound level of more than one sound source to a certain predicted position on the T-time, the mode of calculation is as follows:
The formula: Leq (T) - the total sound level of predicted position, dB (A);
n - the number of outdoor sound source.
(2) Environmental noise prediction of wastewater treatment plant
Judged from the distribution of noise source, noise source are all in the plant. Blowers and all kinds of pumps are fixed in a separate device room, and the after the room acoustic shielding, green noise and distance attenuation effects, noise made by the equipment can be attenuated. Noise prediction results of various projects can be seen in Table 5.2-20.
Table 5.2-20 Noise Prediction of Wastewater Treatment Plant and surrounding Area
|Project |Measuring point |Daytime |Night |
| | |Noise at boundary |Noise at boundary |
|Wulateqianqi County Processing Park (Huhe |East boundary |53.4 |53.4 |
|Township) | | | |
|Wastewater treatment project | | | |
| |South boundary |54.2 |54.2 |
| |West boundary |52.4 |52.4 |
| |North boundary |53.6 |53.6 |
|Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park(Delingshan|East boundary |52.7 |52.7 |
|Township)wastewater treatment and | | | |
|recycling project | | | |
| |South boundary |53.4 |53.4 |
| |West boundary |54.6 |54.6 |
| |North boundary |54.2 |54.2 |
|Wulateqianqi County Processing Park |East boundary |52.8 |52.8 |
|(Xianfeng Township)wastewater treatment | | | |
|recycling project | | | |
| |South boundary |53.4 |53.4 |
| |West boundary |52.4 |52.4 |
| |North boundary |52.7 |52.7 |
According to the above table, noise at plant boundary of the wastewater treatment plants confirm to three functional areas standard criteria of daytime and night: 65dB (A ) and 55dB (A) provided by “Industrial enterprises plant boundary noise emission standard” (GB12348-2008). Moreover, no people live within 500 meters around the wastewater treatment plants and there is little noise impact on the surrounding environment.
4） Analysis of Solid Waste Environmental Impact
(1) Impact of sludge dewatering process on the environment
Before dewatered, generally speaking, sludge should be concentrated. Concentration tank often exudes stench, especially in the hot Totalmer months, there are floating mud on the pool surface, and it is easy to infest mosquitoes.
When concentrated sludge is dewatered, the dewatering room will emit foul smell; in case of spilling in the process of dewatering sludge, environment will be polluted.
(2) Impact of sludge dumping on the environment
Dewatered sludge should be timely removed. The sludge, which cannot be transported in time, should be put in temporary stacking areas. Dewatered sludge is easy to turn into slurry with water, which is of good fluidity and wash away easily; when it rains, water integrates with a large number of pollutants, polluting surface and groundwater. Therefore, the dehydrated sludge can not be cluttered, but should be treated with the impermeable layer of the temporary dumping place specially, and then stamp rain-shelter; In addition, the dehydrated sludge is not completely stable, long-term stacking will produce sludge anaerobic digestion. H2S odor produced by such substances will affect air quality; dehydrated sludge stack place is the breeding ground for mosquitoes, and have an undesirable effect on environmental health. For these reasons, sludge should be removed after dewatering time to avoid piling up in the factory.
(3) Impact of sludge transportation on the environment
Although the sludge in the plant have been treated to various extend, the sludge still has some harmful pollutants. The sludge of the project in various wastewater treatment plant is only concentrated and dehydrated and fail to meet the requirement of sludge stabilization and harmless condition. The sludge contains large amounts of perishable organic matter and coli, ascaris eggs and other pathogens microorganisms. Therefore, transportation process of sludge is a very important environmental issue.
At present, the main transportation of sludge is trucks. If the sludge hangs on the body and wheels of trucks in the handling process, or the vehicles are poor sealed, the trucks will spill sludge around wastewater treatment plant and along the road, which cause pollution along the road. Muddy water flowing and malodorous spreading should be prevented in the process of sludge transportation. Wastewater Treatment Plant should use special closed vehicles to prevent water leakage, mud leakage and scattering. Meanwhile, the sludge transportation time should be strictly controlled, trying to avoid heavy traffic times. In short, the sludge transportation is a very important problem to be taken seriously.
(4) Sludge treatment program of wastewater treatment plant
Sludge is the product of the wastewater process and it is an important component of the wastewater treatment. Sludge treatment aims to decrease the sludge moisture content and sludge volume to stabilize its nature and then create conditions for further disposal and comprehensive utilization. The general process includes “concentration - Dewatering –Disposal” or “concentration- digestion - Dewatering – Disposal”.
According to feasibility study report, due to biological nutrient removal technology adopted by the wastewater treatment, sludge age is a little longer and the sludge is relatively stable, so there is no need to carry out nitrification. In the case of nitrification, a digestion pool, heating, stirring and a series of gas treatment and utilization structures and equipment are needed while investment increases. However, land area in the wastewater treatment park is limited, so sludge nitrification system cannot be built.
According to analog data, sludge components of the wastewater treatment plant relate with water quality of wastewater. Generally, excess sludge of industrial waste water in wastewater treatment plant contain high amount of heavy metals, far beyond the agricultural sludge standard, therefore it should be safely landfill ed instead of being used as agricultural fertilizer.
5）Ecological environmental impact analysis
(1) Land use and soil restoration
Since the original crops, natural vegetation are replaced by various types of buildings, roads, green belt and other land. The function of land-use changes greatly.
After completion of the project, discarded soil can be reused to build green belt of the plant. At the same time, ground hardening and green belt building can hold the soil, reduce soil erosion; and it can also be used to cover soil in reuse landfill.
(2) Vegetation cover
After completion, the plant’s green area with trees on both sides of the road, the total green vegetation coverage rate will be higher than before. It keeps soil and water as well as beautifies the environment. The greening rates of all projects are seen in Table 5.2-21.
Table 5.2-21 Green rates of the projects
|NO. |Project |Plant area |Green coverage |Green rate |
| | |（m2） |（m2） |（%） |
|1 |Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park(Delingshan |111000 |53125.6 |47 |
| |Township)wastewater treatment and recycling project | | | |
|2 |Wulatehouqi County Processing park (Huhe Township) |70000 |39074.5 |55 |
| |Wastewater treatment project | | | |
|3 |Wulateqianqi County Processing Park (Xianfeng |111000 |53380 |46 |
| |Township)wastewater treatment recycling project | | | |
(3) Landscape Ecological Analysis
Before project construction, landscape patterns are simple, the degree of connectivity is poor, and the degree of heterogeneity is low. After completion of the project, there are various types of buildings, roads, green belt, and other kinds of combination. As there are more tree species, species diversity increased, correspondingly landscape heterogeneity increases. However, trees introduced by manual work require a certain process of selection and adaptation to the environment. When the project has just completed, the variability of trees is large and anti-interference ability is poor, but all of these will greatly improve over time.
5.2.3 Wuliangsuhai Lake Lake Administration Project
5.2.3.1 Pollution factor analysis of Wuliangsuhai Lake area comprehensive treatment
Pollution factors during operation are mainly from operation of the Wuliangsuhai Lake artificial wetland.
(1) Noise
Noise mainly comes from the artificial wetland pump station with noise source intensity 80dB(A).
(2) Solid waste
Main solid wastes during operation of the artificial wetland are sludge in the sedimentation pond, which will be dredged about every 7-10 years, transporting outside to avoid secondary pollution.
5.2.3.2 Pollution source and main pollutants discharge analysis
Refer to Chapter 5 of this report for pollution sources and pollutants discharge during construction of the project of Wuliangsuhai Lake area comprehensive treatment.
Main environmental impact during operation of the project of Wuliangsuhai Lake area comprehensive treatment is pollution source discharge of Wuliangsuhai Lake area artificial wetland.
1) Noise
Noise during operation comes from the pump station and the aeration pond mainly. Refer to Table 3.3-14 for noise source intensity.
2) Solid wastes
Solid waste during operation of the artificial wetland is mainly sludge in the sedimentation pond, which will be dredged about every 7-10 years; in addition, people for management and maintenance of the wetland will produce domestic garbage.
3) Pollution source intensity analysis
Refer to Table 3.3-14 for producing and estimated discharge of main pollutants of the project of Wuliangsuhai Lake area comprehensive treatment.
Table 3.3-14 Producing and discharge of main pollutants of the project
|Type |Emission source |Main pollutant |Concentration and |Remedy |
| | | |quantity before | |
| | | |treatment (Unit) | |
|Noise |Mixed-flow pump |Equipment noise |90-100dB (A) |Sound insulation and damping |
| |Air compressor |Equipment noise |90-100dB(A) |Sound insulation, silencing and damping |
|Solid waste|Stabilization pond |Bed mud |Dredging every 5 years |Use as fertilizer or send to the landfill |
| |and sedimentation | | | |
| |pond | | | |
| |Domestic garbage |Domestic garbage|6.4 t/a |Deliver to the environmental sanitation |
| | | | |administration to the landfill |
5.2.3.3 Analysis on Environmental Impact of Wuliangsuhai Lake Treatment Works
The project, ecological works with no pollution features no permanent constructions in existence or operation during its operation period. The unfavorable environmental impacts in the operation period of the project mainly include the waste gas and noises of artificial wetland in operation and the change of partial water circulation system and can be effectively alleviated in adoption of proper measures; and favorable environmental impacts of the project in the operation period mainly include the cut-off of the pollutants in the lake and the improvement of the quality of water of Wuliangsuhai Lake flowing into the sea and ecological landscape pattern of Wuliangsuhai Lake valley and sea area waterway system.
1）Analysis on Adverse Environmental Impact of Wuliangsuhai Lake Sea Area Treatment Works
(1) Impact on Atmospheric Environment
The proposed project emissions are mainly produced by microbial decomposition of CO2, as well as stench of decaying animal and plant and other microbial life. The quantity is small, and the concentration produced can reach the maximum allowable concentration of secondary standards given by “municipal wastewater treatment plant emission standards” (GB18918-2002) factory sector.
(2) Noise
Noise generated by the project is mainly from mechanical noise made by pumping equipment. Source intensity noise value is about 80dB (A). By status monitoring and predicting (predicting model: use HJ/T2.4-1995 “Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guide: sound environment” indoor point source model and outdoor plane source model are recommended), Sound Pressure Level prediction of different distance pumping equipment is shown in table 5.2-23。
Table 5.2-23 List of sound pressure level projections at different distance of running pumping equipment
|Distance (m) |100 |200 |
| |CODCr |TN |TP |CODCr |TN |TP |
|General Drainage Canal |79 |71 |84 |32 |15 |10 |
Inlet pollution load of General Drainage Canal and predicted reductions of biological transition zone after treatment is shown in Table 5.2-25-Table 5.2-26. Data of General Drainage Canal come from May 2008 ~ April 2009.
Table 5.2-25 Pollutants Reduction situation of General drainage after artificial wetland wastewater treatment
|Time |Inlet load (t) |Outlet water reduction(t) |
| |CODCr |TN |TP |CODCr |TN |TP |
|08/5 |2107.10 |474.10 |59.7 |1053.55 |421.42 |56.19 |
|08/6 |1210.28 |158.27 |33.98 |121.03 |88.44 |29.33 |
|08/7 |3083.29 |200.66 |23.98 |1615.06 |127.25 |19.09 |
|08/8 |2651.68 |139.82 |11.09 |1205.31 |67.50 |6.27 |
|08/9 |1937.96 |266.87 |31.77 |31.77 |171.56 |25.42 |
|08/10 |419.02 |24.53 |3.17 |112.42 |9.20 |2.15 |
|08/11 |4056.41 |370.87 |38.25 |579.49 |197.03 |26.66 |
|08/12 |2705.43 |386.27 |75.69 |811.63 |57.94 |7.57 |
|09/1 |1629.06 |253.80 |53.12 |488.72 |38.07 |5.31 |
|09/2 |1629.06 |312.44 |65.17 |410.42 |46.87 |6.52 |
|09/3 |1368.08 |409.01 |55.53 |518.74 |61.35 |5.55 |
|09/4 |1729.14 |274.97 |21.01 |457.25 |41.25 |2.10 |
|Total |24421.62 |3271.59 |472.46 |7405.38 |1327.86 |192.14 |
According to data in the table, it is expected that the watstewater from the General Drainage Canal will bring CODCr, TN, TP of about 24421.62 t / a, 3271.59 t/a and 472.46 t/a; and after biological transition zone-manmade wetland treatment the pollution laods can be reduced byCOD 7405.38 t/a, TN 1327.86 t/a, and TP 192.14 t/a respectively.
After wetland ecotone is completed, water quality of non-frozen season can reach Grade Ⅳ standard (on average) of national “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard GB3838-2002” predicted by the model, that is, the concentration of pollutants in water status can be reduced to CODCr 30mg / l, TP 1.5mg / l and TP 0.1mg / l.
(2) Improvement of flow field in Wuliangsuhai Lake
Simulation analysis adopts one-dimensional river model (MIKE11) two-dimensional lake model (MIKE21) and one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and water quality model (MIKE FLOOD) developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute.
Simulation analysis of flow and lake water quality adopts two-dimensional hydrodynamic model MIKE21 and sea waterways grid design adopts MIKE FLOOD.
Wuliangsuhai Lake flow field change before and after construction is shown in Figure 5.2-3.
[pic]
[pic]
(a)no canal design; (b) drainage canal design; (c) drainage canal + branch canal design
Figure 5.2-3 Lakes flow field simulation results (no wind in Totalmer)
← It can be seen from the simulation graph: compared with the current flow field situation, implementation of the project improves flow field of the reservoir area obviously. Stagnant water areas of East Beach and other large areas of water are eliminated. In the case of no wind, stagnant water area is reduced by about 30-40 km2;
← Flow rate of southern main Lake District increases slightly after implementation of the canal dredging extension. It has a little effect on flow condition of northern and western lake. overall improvement of the lake is limited;
← In reed field of Lake District, the mainstream flow field becomes more smooth and overall flow pattern of the Lake improves greatly, as channels are connected, main canal and branch canal are excavated, and water stagnation area is reduced by more than 10 km2.
(3) Improvement of Water Quality of Wuliangsuhai Lake by Treatment Works
Wetland water quality concentration of inlet and outlet in non-frozen season and frozen season is shown in Table 5.2-28. The simulation pictures of 5.2-4 and 5.2-5show water quality of two seasons.
Table 5.2-26 water quality of inlet and outlet: Artificial wetland project
|Drainage |Non-frozen season |Frozen season |
| |CODCr |TN |TP |CODCr |TN |TP |
| |inlet |outlet |inlet |
| |Status quo |simulation |Status quo |
| |Concentration（mg/L |Grade |Concentration（mg/L |Grade |Concentration |Grade |
| |） | |） | |（mg/L） | |
|Status quo0 |39.73 |Grade V |2.78 |Inferior Grade V |0.021 |Grade II |
|Program 2-2 |31.77 |Grade V |1.93 |Grade V |0.013 |Grade II |
|Program |Frozen season COD |Frozen season TN |Frozen season TP |
| |Concentration |Grade |Concentration |Grade |Concentration |Grade |
| |（mg/L） | |（mg/L） | |（mg/L） | |
|Status quo 0 |35.68 |Grade V |1.64 |Grade V |0.007 |Grade I |
|Program 2-2 |23.15 |Grade IV |1.21 |Grade IV |0.004 |Grade I |
The followings can be known from water quality prediction results:
← Compared with thecondition prior to the project, in non-frozen season, outlet COD concentration of the program falls down to 31.77 mg / L with a decrease of 7.96 mg / L, and is equal to Grade V of water quality. In frozen season, it falls down 12.53 mg / L, and the overall water quality improves and reaches Grade IV of water quality stably.
← Compared with the status quo, in non-frozen season, TN concentration of water outlet of the program falls by 0.85 mg / L, maintaining Grade V of water quality, and the overall of water quality improves a grade. In frozen season, it declines about 0.43 mg / L and reaches Grade IV of water quality stably.
← Compared with the status quo, in non-frozen season, water outlet TP concentration of the program falls 8 ug / L, maintaining Grade II of water quality, and water quality improves. In frozen season it falls down 3 ug / L, remaining Grade I of water quality;
(4) Ecological landscape pattern analysis of Lake District channel system
Landscape spatial pattern is arrangement of landscape patches of different sizes and shapes in space, and it is an important manifestation of landscape heterogeneity. Meanwhile it is also the result of a variety of ecological processes at different scales. Landscape spatial pattern analysis of wetland landscape is significant to the wetland landscape study of spreading species, flowing energy and transporting material.
Based on latest topography data of Wuliangsuhai Lake(2009), supported by GIS spatial analysis function, we analyze landscape pattern status of Wuliangsuhai Lake, landscape change after channel excavation and its ecological impacts. Since the excavation of Wuliangsuhai Lake waterways (especially the newly added waterway) may interfere with Wuliangsuhai Lake landscape pattern, and then may lead to a series of ecological problems. Therefore, focus should be placed on landscape pattern changes before and after channel excavation.
① Technical methods
According to the latest topographic maps of Wuliangsuhai Lake, landscape distribution vector diagram is got by coordinate registering, digitization in mapinfo 7.5, as is shown in Figure 5.2-6. By using geographic information system software Arcgis 9.0, vector files are analyzed in term of topology and spatial database of various landscape types and its associated attribute database are generated. All polygons corresponding with landscape type are assigned certain property values, generating basic database, which is needed to meet the characteristic indicators for calculation. Based on Arcgis 9.0 platform, the Spatial Analysis extension transforms vector diagram into raster charts, and then it uses analysis software Fragstats3.3 of landscape pattern to compute the landscape metrics.
[pic][pic]
Left: before excavation; right: after excavation
Table 5.2-6 Lake district landscape pattern chart of Wuliangsuhai Lake
②Ecological landscape pattern analysis of channel excavation
a. Landscape analysis of type
Calculated by Fragstats software, the main types of landscape indices (class metrics) (Table 5.2-31) are obtained. Analysis of the landscape index shows that:
← Reed land and open water, two types of landscape, take up 54.9% and 45.1% respectively. After channel excavation, open water will increase by 0.7%, while reed land will decrease slightly.
← After waterway excavation, some waterways will be split by reed land, and the number of reed land plaque will increase to 40 from the present 25 and the maximum plaque index will drop from 7 to 5.8; the open water connects through watercourse, and the number of plaques reduces significantly, and the largest patch index rise to 45.8 from 45.1. It is beneficial to maintain the integrity of the ecosystem and reduce swamp formation due to expansion of the reed.
← Through the newly added branch waterways, both numbers of Total Edges and Edge Density of reed land and open water landscape have significantly increased, indicating the effect increased obviously. It is beneficial to material exchange, energy flow, purifying the entire water in Lake District, and increase habitat diversity in Wuliangsuhai Lake.
← Landscape shape index refers to shape index of perimeter and reflects the complexity of patch boundaries. After channel excavation, two types of landscape shape index and average fractal dimension increases significantly, especially the status quo value of 3.45, the average fractal dimension value of open water, will raise to 7.7, increasing the acting surface and acting time of lake and reed land. It is favorable to help water purification.
← Plaques contiguity index (contiguity index), clumpy index (CLUMPY), plaque cohesion degree (COHESION), division (DIVISION), and degree of polymerization (AI) calculations show that the two kinds of reed land and open water landscape have high degree of connection and low degree of fragmentation. Compared with the status quo landscape pattern, landscape indices after waterway excavation will not change significantly. It is indicated that although waterway excavation splits part of the reed land, the internal space pattern of two types of landscape does not change greatly.
Table 5.2-31 landscape index of type
|Type index |Reed land |Open water |
| |Status quo|After excavation|Status quo|After excavation|
|Percentage of landscape /(%)(PLAND) |54.9 |54.2 |45.1 |45.8 |
|Number of plaque(NP) |25 |40 |8 |3 |
|Plaque Density (PD) |0.18 |0.29 |0.07 |0.03 |
|Largest Plaque index (LPI） |7 |5.8 |45.1 |45.8 |
|Total Edges（TE） |46.3 |53.7 |32.8 |40.2 |
|Edge Density（ED） |0.33 |0.38 |0.29 |0.35 |
|Landscape Shape Index（LSI） |9.47 |11.1 |7.39 |9.0 |
|Fractal number（FRAC_MN ） |0.53 |0.7 |3.45 |7.7 |
|Area weighted mean plaque shape index (SHAPE-AM（SHAPE－AM） |1.97 |1.80 |1.79 |3.67 |
|Plaque contiguity index（contiguity index） |0.83 |0.89 |0.29 |0.47 |
b.Pattern analysis of landscape standard
Analyze landscape pattern change of Wuliangsuhai Lake before and after excavation from the view of landscape standard. Landscape index can be seen in Table 5.2-32, and the analysis shows:
← The number of landscape plaque of status quo is 33, and the number of plaques increases to 43 after excavation, which mainly results in waterways’ splitting of reed land. Accordingly plaque density rises from 0.13 / km2 to 0.17 / km2. Compared with other lakes of the similar area, the plaque density is higher. The number of total landscape edge rises from the current 47.8 to 55.5, which is beneficial to internal exchange of landscape material and energy flow. The increase of plaque number and edge number may have a negative effect on spatial distribution of reed. However, it is significant to slow down the swamp formation trend.
← Sea district landscape shape index after waterway excavation was 8.41, which is significantly higher than the status quo of 7.25. It indicates that landscape complexity has increased significantly after excavation and it is beneficial to help increase habitat diversity.
← Perimeter area of the score dimension is another measure of landscape shape index, and it mainly analyzes plaque type and the entire landscape fragmentation before and after channel excavation. Perimeter fractional landscape area of the score dimension (PAFRAC) is small, indicating landscape fragmentation of the entire sea area is of a low degree, and the overall integrity of the landscape will not be affected deeply.
← Contag (CONTAG) and division (DIVISION) are used to characterize the degree of landscape fragmentation. Contag (CONTAG) of more than 50% shows a low degree of fragmentation and more large plaques; division (DIVISION) value is low and it shows that the distance between plaques is short. Currently landscape cantag of Wuliangsuhai Lake is more than 66% and division is 0.77. It indicates that sea district landscape type is relatively gathered and it has good connectivity and the degree of overall landscape fragmentation is relatively low. After channel excavation, landscape cantag will only decreased from 66.6% to 66.2%, and it will not affect the overall landscape greatly.
← From the aspect of landscape diversity, landscape before and after the watercourse excavation has no significant difference, Shannon diversity index is 0.98-0.99, Simpson evenness index is 0.99, and it indicates high uniformity of landscape before and after excavation. However, landscape diversity is low. Largest plaque index increases slightly because the watercourse connects with the isolated watercourse.
Table 5.2-32 Landscape index of landscape standard
|Landscape index |Status quo |Added watercourse |
|Total Area /( km2) (TA） |254 |254 |
|Number of Plaque（NP） |33 |43 |
|Plaque Density（PD） |0.13 |0.17 |
|Largest Plaque Index（LPI） |45.1 |45.8 |
|Total Edges（TE） |47.8 |55.5 |
|Edges Density（ED） |0.19 |0.22 |
|Landscape Shape Index (LSI） |7.25 |8.41 |
|Shape Mean Number(SHAPE_MN） |1.93 |1.93 |
|Landscape Cohesion Index（COHESION） |99.90 |99.90 |
|Contag（CONTAG）% |66.6 |66.2 |
|Division（DIVISION） |0.77 |0.77 |
|AI（AI） |99.4 |99.2 |
|Shannon Diversity Index（SHDI） |0.98 |0.99 |
|Simpson IEI（SIEI） |0.99 |0.99 |
③Impact of waterway system on ecological landscape pattern of Wuliangsuhai Lake
Fragstats (analysis particle size is 10 m) analyzes landscape type and index of landscape standard of ecological landscape systems in Wuliangsuhai Lake, and it makes analysis and evaluation of Wuliangsuhai Lake landscape from a quantitative and macro point of view. The results shows:
← Open water area increases after channel excavation, forms habitat landscape type with open water and narrow channels to meet the habitat choice of different groups of waterfowl.
← Although part of reed land is segmented by channel excavation, the number of plaques and edges increased significantly, landscape spatial pattern in Wuliangsuhai Lake (aggregation, connectivity, etc.) has not changed greatly, and it will not increase the degree of landscape fragmentation significantly.
← After waterway excavation, the acting surface of reed land and open water surface increases significantly, which is beneficial to internal exchange of landscape material and energy flow in Wuliangsuhai Lake. It is also favorable to help water purification and increase biodiversity.
← New added branch channel will split the local landscape. The increasing plaque density and edge density have a negative impact on the spatial expansion of reed, but it will help retard swamp formation of sea area.
5.2.3.4 Prediction on Surface-source Pollution Reduction of Hetao Irrigation Area after All-around Popularization
The popularization of the key techniques of ecological recovery and safe artificial recharge for ditch wastewater, ecological recovery of the degenerated wetland and development of artificial wetland in the whole irrigation area will cut off the typical pollutants in agricultural wastewater COD by 30%, TN & TP by 30% & 20% respectively; irrigation water by 15% and fertilizer input by 15%. Table 5.2-33 presents the prediction on pollution cut-off of Hetao irrigation area after the surface-source pollution control techniques are applied.
Table 5.2-33 Prediction on Surface-source Pollution Cut-off of the Whole Hetao Irrigation Area
|Indicators for performance appraisal |Present value in 2007 |Target cut-off rate |Target cut-off quantity |After the works is implemented |
|Typical pollutants |Nitrogen (10,000t/y) |1.20 |30% |0.36 |0.84 |
| |Phosphor (10,000t/y) |0.27 |40% |0.11 |0.16 |
| |COD(10,000t/y) |0.12 |30% |0.04 |0.09 |
|Irrigation water |Quantity of irrigation water (100 million m3) |47.45 |15% |7.12 |40.33 |
|Fertilizer input |Dosage of chemical fertilizer in farmland (10,000t/y) |60 |20% |12 |48 |
| |Dosage of nitrogen fertilizer (10,000t/y) |15.01 |20% |3.00 |12.01 |
| |Dosage of nitrogen fertilizer per unit area (kg/hm2) |247 |20% |49.40 |197.60 |
| |Dosage of phosphor fertilizer (10,000t/y) |2.6 |20% |0.52 |2.08 |
| |Dosage of phosphor fertilizer by unit area (kg/hm2) |42.76 |20% |8.55 |34.21 |
5.2.4 Analysis on the impacts after implementation of Project
5.2.4.1Analysis of the wastewater treatment plant and recycling plant after completion
1) The quantity of inlet water in recycling plant
Water Environment Improvement Project of Bayannaoer City includes wastewater treatment plant and recycling water plant project. Among them, all outlet water of wastewater treatment plant will be recycled, with no water discharging into the drain. Water recycling plant intakes water from general drainage canal, 3rd Drainage Canal and 7th Drainage Canal, and water of 3rd Drainage Canal and 7th Drainage Canal eventually flows into general drainage canal. Table 5.2-34 shows monthly quantity of water of recycling plant from general drainage canal, 3rd Drainage Canal and 7th Drainage Canal.
Table 5.2-34 Monthly quantity of water of recycling plant from general drainage canal, 3rd Drainage Canal and 7th Drainage Canal（ten thousand m3）
|Month |1 |2 |3 |
| |（ten thousand t/d） |COD |
| |CODCr |TN |TP |
| |CODCr |TN |TP |
|2002.07 |25 |2555.5 | Particles Melosira, lake oscillatoria, clean Oscillatoria |
|2003.07 |21 |638.9 | Chlorella vulgaris, Microsystems aeruginosa,Powder Microcystis |
|2003.12 |14 |3313 | Melosira particles, Chlorella vulgaris, Microcystis powder |
|2004.07 |20 |15289 | Little yellow silk algae |
|2005.01 |14 |4785 | Pond N.linckin |
From the survey results table, we can see that in the survey of July 2002, before the dredging, the dominant species of algae in Wuli Lake are particles melosira and oscillatoria etc., which belong to cyanophyta, regarded as an eutrophication indicator. In July 2003, after the dredging, the dominant species of algae are chlorella and microcystis, the density of algae decreased significantly, which reflects that the eutrophication of water decreased when the overall project was over. This explained that in short time after dredging and removing the sediment, the phytoplankton community structure has the trends of changing into clean water-based community. However, because the pollution of Wuli Lake external sources is not effectively controlled, the quality of water is changing; in the water of the dredging area, the algae species also are corresponding changing. In December 2003, the density of particles melosira in water rose, which has been the most dominant species in some monitoring points. In July 2004, the dominant species in Wuli Lake water is little yellow silk algae, algae density as high as 1529 × 104 pcs / L. To half a year later, in January 2005, pond N.Linckin became the dominant algae. From above analysis, we can see that the implementation of the project has the positive effect for favorable transformation of the phytoplankton community.
Because the work is a thin layer precise dredging, the main effects of the ecological dredging project on the phytoplankton reflected the changing of water quality in the lake. According to the foregoing analysis, after implementation of the project, under the conditions that other external conditions in the lake do not change, the inner sourcesof pollution from the lake sediment in the will be reduced. The water quality will be improved to some extent. From the comprehensive analog data results, we can see that in small scales, this project will help the phytoplankton community structure of Wuliangsuhai lake to change into favorable direction. The species and community of alga will occur correspondingly to the change of eutrophication of the water quality and water body change.
According to the region characteristics of Wuliangsuhai lake, since the construction area and the areas around the Lake are connected with each other, the species of the phytoplankton and biomass changes in the project area is still mainly determined by the changes of environmental conditions in the great lake region, the effects caused by the dredging on the spatial distribution heterogeneity of the phytoplankton is very weak.
②The impact on the zooplankton
The tracking and surveying results of zooplankton in Wuli Lake, see Table 5.2-32.
Table 5.2-32 Zooplankton survey results before and after the treatment of Wuli Lake
|Time | Zooplankton density (Pcs / L) | Number of | Dominant species |
| | |species | |
| |W1 |W2 |W3 |W4 |W5 | | |
|2002.07 |139.1 |136.9 |44.7 |141.0 |—— |9 | Calyciflorus rotifer |
|2003.06 |172.0 |19.0 |111.0 |73.0 |—— |8 | Calyciflorus rotifer |
| | | | | | | |Spherical shell sand worm |
|2003.12 |62.2 |46.7 |15.6 |62.2 |62.2 |2 | Calyciflorus rotifer |
| | | | | | | |Galeazzi seminal vesicle rotifer |
|2004.07 |375 |234 |934 |1588 |1027 |9 | Considerable rotifer, Brachionus piccalillis |
| | | | | | | |giant, seminal vesicle rotifer |
|2005.01 |235 |423 |470 |188 |752 |5 |—— |
According to follow-up survey, before the implementation of comprehensive treatment, the dominant species of the zooplankton in Wuli Lake is calyciflorus rotifer, which is a significant indicator species of sewage domain. At the time that the comprehensive treatment project has been just completed, the dominant species of zooplankton are rotifer class and sand shell worm with sarcodina, commonly have, calyciflorus rotifer, Galeazzi seminal vesicle and spherical shell sand worm etc, which belongs to moderate contamination indicating species .One year later after the completion of the project, we can not find contamination indicating species in the sampling points of the lake region, we can find oligosaprobic zone zooplankton, we can also find heroic Cyclops, show body fleas, these species grow in clean water, which shows the eutrophication in the water has been mitigated.
The main food source of the zooplankton is the phytoplankton, therefore, the changes of species, and biomass of the phytoplankton is affinitive with the changes of the phytoplankton. After implement of the construction, because the dominant species of the phytoplankton changes, the species components of the zooplankton also changed with it. According to analogies analysis, the plankton species and quantity in this project have the same changing trend with that in Wuli Lake. Shortly after implementation of the project, the changes of the phytoplankton are little; the total pattern of the zooplankton is similar with the current.From the long-term perspective of effects, when the quality of water is improved, with the falling of eutrophication and improving of water conditions, the zooplankton community structure will become stable, the zooplankton population structure will change, the dominant species of the zooplankton in the water also will change, the community structure will gradually change into clean water type biological and bio-diversity has the trend of rising.
③The impact on the benthic fauna
Table5.2-33 shows the tracking and surveying results of the benthic fauna before and after the dredging.
Table 5.2-33 Wuli Lake zoobenthos findings before and after dredging
|Sampling time | Biomass (g/m2) | Number of | Species |
| | |species | |
|2002.07 |26.154 |3 | Larvae, Diptera larvae, tubificids |
|2003.06 |7.584 |2 | Larvae, tubificids |
|2003.12 |8.108 |3 | Larvae, Diptera larvae, tubificids |
|2004.07 |5.692 |3 | Larvae, water silk earthworm, tubificids |
|2005.01 |3.179 |2 | Larvae, water silk earthworm |
When the project is implemented, due to the ecological dredging project removed the heavy pollution of lake sediment on surface of the sediments, the lake water quality is improved at some extent, the eutrophication of the water is reduced, the habitat environment of the benthic fauna and environment conditions will be improved at some extent. But recently, because of the effects of dredging construction, in a short time, in the area of dredging project, the habitat environment of the benthic fauna is destroyed, the area, species, quantity, population structure and niche of the benthic fauna will be affected greatly, the benthonic animal, number, and biomass will be reduced at some extent. Table 5.2-33shows the monitoring results of Wuli Lake, before constructing, the biomass of the benthic fauna is 26.154g/m2, after the constructing, the biomass decreased obviously, particularly in June 2003, the sampling results showed that the biomass has reduced substantially than in July, 2002, which shows that the removing of the surface sediment make the original sediment environment change obviously, in a short time, the benthic fauna is affected at some extent. From the survey results in July 2004 and January 2005 one year later after the constructing, the biomass of the benthic fauna was still very low, which showed before the artificial restore measures are not being taken, the dredging has more serious impact on the benthic fauna, the natural recovery process of the benthic fauna is very slow, its new niche will take a long time to fully be established.
④The impact on the aquatic plants
When the construction began, 20-40cm of contaminated sediment is removed, which caused the seed bank of the aquatic plants disappeared within the area of dredging in the lake region, and the new soil surface is denser than the original sediment conditions, when the constructing is completed, the attachment and growth of the initial aquatic plant root will be subject to effects at some extent. Within 1 to 2 years after the constructing, the restoration of the aquatic plants within the area of construcing will only conduct depending on the way of vegetative propagation; the restoration speed is very slow, and restricted by water depth, transparency and other external conditions. From the long-term changing trend, under the conditions of improvement of the water quality and eutrophication, the implementation of the construction will benefit the restoration of aquatic plant communities.
⑤The impact on fish
During the running period, because Pollutants in the Lake were Cut-off ，and the sludge was dredged in the Wuliangsuhai lake, thus reduced the releasing of nutrient salt to the water, which can help improve water quality, provide a good external environment of growth and survival for fish; Otherwise some depth of dredging increased depth of the water body, and increased activity space of fish; after construcing, artificial releasing of benthos and cultivation of aquatic organisms, the system food chain was enriched, which provide necessary external conditions for fish to live and reproduce, and produce favorable impact on the fish.
5.3 Mitigation Measures
5.3.1 Mitigation Measures in Construction Period
5.3.1.1 Mitigation Measures for Environmental Air Contamination
Main atmospheric contaminants generated in construction period for this project are malodor and dust.
（1）Control Measures for Malodor
← Construction for the grid-like watercourse work of Wuliangsuhai Lake area will be done in dry season section by section. The excavated sediments and wastes shall be transported to local landfill in time for harmless disposal.
← If the excavated sediments and wastes can not be transported in time, to avoid the effects on the life quality of nearby residents, the sediments shall be loaded into the straw bags for storing to reduce the release of dust and malodor.
← The transporting of the sediments shall be closed to prevent them from scattering along the road for which will affect the image of the city.
← Attention shall be paid to the personal protection of the construction staff as well as the inspection work and first aid.
（2）Control Measures for Dusts
← Project management shall be strengthened and the construction being civilized. Loading and unloading for building materials shall be proper and gentle. The soil adhered to the surface of vehicles shall be removed as much as possible before they leaving from construction sites. When transport limes, aggregates, cement, fly ash and others, transporting vehicles shall be covered with tarpaulin, for which are very easy to generate dusts.
← Dusts in construction sites and construction roads can be controlled by watering and cleaning. If only do the watering and then cleaning, the amount of dusts can reduce 70 to 80%, while first do the cleaning and then watering, the efficiency of dust control can reach 90%. Tests show that each day do the watering 4 to 5 times to control the dusts in construction site, the dust contamination can be reduced from the scope of 20 ~ 50m. One sprinkling truck shall be provided for each construction site.
← In addition, lime, sand and others can not be stockpiled in the open as much as possible. If these materials must be stockpiled in the open, watering shall be done for these stockpiled materials to improve their surface water content for which can also play a dust control effect.
← The selected construction unit shall have a certain strength/qualification, which use commercialized plant-mixed cement and closed-transporting vehicles.
← For temporary and scattered cement mixing sites, the selection of the site shall consider as far as possible away from the residential buildings.
← The spoil shall be transported to the low-lying site appointed by the municipal administration department for filling disposal or to the landfill as soon as possible.
← For the temporary used land, vegetation cover shall be restored to against soil erosion once the work is finished.
← Dust contamination shall be controlled in construction period, for the residential areas being distributed around each construction site of this project.
(3) Control Measures for Waste Gas of Vehicles
The fuel machine and transport veicle for construction shall be equipped with tail-gas purifying devices before operation on the site and use high-grade lead-free fuel so as to ensure the tail gas in conformity with emission criteria.
5.3.1.2 Mitigation Measures for Water Environmental Contamination
1）Treatment Measure of Wastewater in Construction
A sedimentation tank shall be built by the construction unit in construction period. With the tank, waste water, piling mud water and standing water and others generated in construction can be discharged outside after precipitating and meeting the requirements.
← Simple living facilities built on construction sites mainly are temporary canteens and temporary toilets. The waste water from the canteen shall be pretreated by grease trap before combining with domestic wastewater. All waste water shall be sent into the nearby wastewater treatment plant for treatment and discharging outside after meeting the requirements. If there is no nearby wastewater treatment facility, necessary classification shall be done for the waste water generated from the project construction and pipeline construction through the collecting pools, sand pools, drains and other water treatment structures. And the nearby farmers can take them as agricultural fertilizer.
← During construction, construction workers shall make use of the existing living facilities near the construction site as much as possible. The contractor shall take all necessary measures to prevent the untreated waste water directly flowing into the existing drainage canals or other surface water bodies.
← The management of construction site shall be strengthened. The working field and the stockpiling slope of the earthwork shall be keep tidy and in order, so that the earth can be reduced to flow into the nearby rivers.
← To reduce the amount of generated waste water, materials loss, scattering and overflowing shall be controlled as much as possible.
← Construction materials such as cement, sand and lime shall be concentrated for stockpiling. Note such material can be stockpiled near the rivers or other water bodies, it is better that the stockpiling site is far away from the rivers with some water against measures being taken. Scattered materials for the above during transporting shall be cleaned in time, so that the materials can be avoided being washed into the water bodies by rainwater. Environmental management shall be strengthened. Note the oil leakage or waste oil dumping for construction machines or construction vessels shall be avoided, for the oil can cause water pollution after entering into water bodies. It is recommended that the leaked oil from construction machines shall be received by some means.
← All construction waste water is strictly forbidden to discharge into the ground surface water body near the construction site without treatment.
2) Control Measures for Water Pollution in Excavation of Grid Canals in Wuliangsuhai Lake
← A reasonable proposal should be selected for the construction of sea area grid waterway works of Wuliangsuhai Lake, so as to minminze the decline of water environment quality of some sea area of Wuliangsuhai Lake caused by the release of pollutants in grid excavation.
← Hydraulic backhoe dredger & grab-type dredger with little disturbance should be used in the construction. After substrate sludge is shoveled up, the turning device moves the bucket to over the sludge barge. A bucket opening device drives a pin and presses down a buffer spring. The bottom of the bucket will open with the force of dead weight & load and unload sludge. No leakage of substrate sludge in excavation exists by and large. The excavated sludge is directly conveyed to the barge around and fills up a fleet of barges, which will be dragged by a tractor to the dumping grounds.
← Hydraulic backhoe dredger and grab-type dredger work on designated positions in the construction, so as to reduce the disturbance upon substrate sludge and the impact on suspended substance in spreading.
← Seepage cut-off ditch is set up at dumping ground of substrate sludge, and the leakage water is timely pumped into reed wetlands for treatment after at least 48h settlement.
5.3.1.3 Mitigation Measures for Noise Contamination
According to the acoustic environmental impact analysis of construction period, we can see that noise from the construction site has a greater effect on surrounding acoustic environment. Moreover, there are a lot of sensitive points being distributed around each worksite. Therefore, corresponding noise control measures shall be taken by construction units to minimize noise effects on the environment.
（1）Strengthening project management and arranging construction schedule properly
A scientific schedule shall be prepared with construction work time being arranged properly and noise control regulations for the construction being observed strictly. Note the high noise equipments shall not be applied intensively at the same time as much as possible. The construction is not allowed from 11 pm to 6 am of the next day, if the worksite is ≤ 200m to the residential areas. Furthermore, low noise machines shall be considered in the selection of construction equipments and plans as much as possible. Construction time for high noise equipments shall be arranged in the day time and minimize their working time at night. For some of working sites, if the construction must be done at night with the noise affect the environment of the surrounding residents greatly, a permit shall be obtained from the local environmental protection authorities in advance, and this permit shall be posted.
（2）Arranging the construction site properly
To avoid noise level for part of place being too high, the powered mechanical equipments shall not be arranged in one place intensively.
Preparation work shall be well done before the concrete need continuous pouring work. The running time for the mixer shall be minimized.
（3）Reducing equipment noise level
← The selection of equipments shall consider low-noise equipments as much as possible, for example, use the hydraulic machines to replace the fuel oil one, and the vibrator use the high-frequency type. Moreover, low noise construction methods shall be considered as much as possible.
← The noise for stationary machines and earth excavation & transporting equipments such as excavators and bulldozers can be reduced by exhaust silencer and isolation of engine vibration components.
← As the noise level for mechanical equipments can be increased due to the vibration of loose part or the damage of silencer, the maintenance of construction equipments shall be strengthened in the construction, so that the increasing of noise level caused by the poor performance can be avoided.
← The idle equipments should be closed immediately, and transporting vehicles entering into the site should be slowed down and reduced the times of whistle
（4）Reducing man-made noise
← The operation of equipments shall be in accordance with specification. And in the process of dismantling for baffles and supports, operational guideline shall be observed to reduce the impact noise.
← The use of whistle, bell and flute and others shall be minimized in work commanding, while modern equipments shall be applied.
（5）Establishing of temporary sound barrier
Around the high-noise equipment, a temporary cover shall be established. And for the location being relatively fixed equipments, these equipments shall be put into the shed as much as possible. Otherwise, a single sound barrier shall be established properly for these equipments outside the shed.
（6）During construction, the noise level along the road will be increased for the operation of transporting vehicles. Therefore, the management of transporting vehicles shall be strengthened. The number of vehicles and traffic density on worksite shall be minimized and the whistle for vehicles will be controlled. And the commissioning for equipments shall be done in the day time.
Besides the above noise reduction measures for the construction site, good relationship also have to be established with the peripheral units and residents. Before the construction, the units and residents shall be informed in advance if their living affected by the work. To seek a common understanding, the construction progress and the noise reduction measures taken in the construction shall be reported to them. Proper compensation shall be paid to some of units and residents if the construction affects their living greatly. In addition, a telephone hotline shall be established for the complaints from the affected residents, and the complaining information shall be handled actively.
5.3.1.4 Mitigation Measures for Solid Waste Contamination
The wastes include the wastes generated from the construction, the garbage created from the living of construction staff and the sediments excavated from grid-like watercause of lake area.
（1）According to the results of the monitoring on heavy metal contents of substrate sludge in sea area of Wuliangsuhai Lake by Bayannaoer Environmental Monitoring Station, heavy metal contents of substrate sludge on monitoring points all aren’t higher than the standard in Control Criteria on Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge (GB4284-84) of the State. Therefore, the substrate sludge excavated in sea area grid works of Wuliangsuhai Lake can be used as fertilizer, and upper layer of substrate sludge is used in improving alkaline saline soil; and lower layer is the parent soil with no pollution, about 2.17 million m3, and can be used in piling up artificial island in the lake area, instead of shipment. According to the tourist plan of Wuliangsuhai Lake, many artificial islands will be constructed on the lake.
The excavated substrate sludge on upper layer should be shipped to the dumping ground of substrate sludge as soon as possible for pile-up & disposal. The project is built up with four dumping grounds for substrate sludge, which with land occupation of totally 1200mu and operating period of about five years, are equipped with enclosure bank and seepage-prevention system and can meet the pile-up requirements of substrate sludge in the project.
A closed transport vehicle must be used for substrate sludge in order to prevent any leakage on the way, which may deteriorate the sight and sanitation conditions.
The burying process of substrate sludge includes operations i.e. transport on designated point, discharge along the ditch and level-off. The workflow is as follows: transport vehicle daily conveys substrate sludge to a dumping ground, unloads from one end of wide ditch to another in the dumping ground, and the excavator will level off and ensure the even distribution of substrate sludge in wide ditch with a thickness of about 0.5m. The ditches are filled up one after another. With high water content, substrate sludge will be dried by strong sunlight and vaporization naturally, instead of compaction or coverage. Later, it will be piled up again to 2.0m high. To prevent the generation of fly and maggot, liquid medicine or lime can be sprayed on the surface of substrate sludge every several days, and moreover, labor safety and protection for workers are required for preventing epidemic. After substrate sludge is filled up to a preset height, a 30cm-thick undisturbed soil should be covered on the sludge.
In light of the daily treatment quantity of the substrate sludge and effective operation distance of excavator, the workload quantity per day is taken as one operating unit.
（2）Spoil and construction wastes shall be filled in appointed site according to the requirements of municipal administration department and planning department. If the backfill site is not used temporarily, vegetation cover shall be cultured to prevent the soil erosion.
（3）Abandoned material in the construction such as gravel, building materials, steel, packaging materials shall be recovered by special people. And the working face shall be cleaned timely without any sequelae left.
（4）To prevent secondary pollution, domestic garbage shall be collected specially and sent to landfill regularly for proper disposal. Huddle and throw is forbidden strictly. In addition, to ensure the living environment and hygienic quality of the surrounding environment for the workers, the contractor shall strengthen the education of construction staff that waste can not be thrown at their will.
（5）When confront hazardous wastes in the construction, the work shall be stopped temporarily,. And the local environmental protection department and health department shall be contacted in time. After handling measures being taken, the construction can be started again.
5.3.1.5 Protection Measures for Ecological Environment
1)Mitigation Measures for Soil Erosion
During construction period, because the excavation amount for the ground surface is very large with lots of spoil and serious damage to vegetation cover, proper measures have to be taken for this situation. Otherwise, soil erosion will appear with a several-fold increasing trend for the project site. Therefore, strict environmental protection measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion effectively.
← Before the construction of each engineering facility and the pipe work, conditions of underground engineering geology and underground obstacles shall be understood firstly, for which is the prerequisite and basis of a project.
← The construction of each engineering facility and the pipe work shall avoid the rainy season. And drainage channels shall be built of the construction sites with serious soil erosion. The construction will take methods of stratified excavation, layered stacked and layered backfill. After completion, the landscape will be restored and the construction shall be in accordance with the design requirements of water-soil conservation strictly. During the construction of water intake work for the reclaimed water supply project, this work shall be done in dray season in order to avoid the effects of wet season for which is a flood season and last from June to August.
← The planning and design shall be considered properly. The existing roads shall be used fully with no or less construction road working.
← To reduce construction errors and increase work efficiency, the information based construction shall be strengthened.
← The earthwork in the construction shall be done properly. Excavated earth shall be used for backfilling of the construction site as much as possible. Besides for backfilling, the spoil generated from pipe-laying and construction shall be sent to other construction sites for filling and greening work soil or sending to the landfill.
← Project construction shall be done in phases and area by area. Do not spread the work fully to shorten the single completion period, especially the pipe-laying work. Measures shall be taken for the excavated exposed ground surface, and the exposed time shall be minimized to reduce the soil erosion.
← To fully consider the effects of greening work on soil erosion control, it is recommended that the construction of each work for individual structure shall be done one by one if possible. To minimize the soil erosion, the greening work shall be done based on worksite greening plans as soon as the work finished.
← Building materials like cement are not allowed to stockpile near the water bodies, canopy cover and fence shall be set to prevent the rainwater washing them into the water bodies. Appropriate sites shall be selected for the construction wastes (including spoil and abandoned stone) to backfill or stockpile after consultation with the local people. The spoil and abandoned stone shall be used as much as possible for road foundation work and soil conservation project.
← If the pipeline construction faces these items such as high voltage pole, overpass, main traffic road, municipal pipe network and relevant road, reports have to submit to the relevant management departments. Based on their approvals, the work can be performed. The supports for the nearby buildings (structures) like residential areas and bridges for which are in the scope of the pipeline construction effects shall be considered, especially the effects on ground settlement, nearby buildings (structures) and existing underground pipeline.
← During construction, the damage to vegetation cover shall be minimized. After construction, measures like planting tree and grass shall be done to speed up the recovery process of vegetation with some engineering measures also being taken for protection. To protect the integrity of the ecosystem, the original land surface height shall be maintained and the landform be restored as original after the completion of construction.
← Before construction, the construction unit shall prepare detailed construction plans and establish environmental management systems. Special people have to arrange to responsible for the environment protection work during construction. Corresponding control measures and disposal methods shall be made for the “three wastes” generated in the construction. The environment management shall be in accordance with the national environmental guidelines, policies, regulations and standards. To be rule-based and scientific management, various environmental management system shall be established which take post responsibility as the center.
← To be civilized and cleaned construction, the education of construction staff shall be strengthened with environmental regulations and environmental knowledge being learned.
2) Mitigation Measures for Landscape Ecology Impact
← Define a proper construction proposal, carry out scientific organization and orderly construction, pile up waste soil of the works at designated place, and take protective measures such as water spraying for preventing flying dust of dumping ground.
← Strengthen the management of construction site, and cover building material and earthwork transport vehicles with tarpaulin and prevent & control flying dust in transport.
← Clean and spray water over the construction site and construction road regularly, and prevent & control flying dust on the road.
3) Mitigation Measure for the Impact of Sea Area Treatment Works of Wuliangsuhai Lake
← To prevent the impact of aquatic ecological environment, scientific and reasonable construction management should be applied in the construction of lake area grid waterway works.
← Zone-by-zone & site-by-site construction and operation at designated place can be used for preventing widespread disturbance of substrate sludge, so as to reduce the spreading of suspended substance and the impact on the aquatic ecology.
← The equipment and tool with little disturbance upon substrate sludge should be selected in the construction for reducing disturbance on benthonic realm.
← Select low-noise construction machine, reasonably organize & arrange the construction, take artificial noise-reducing measure, and lower the impact of construction noises.
← Strengthen construction management, reduce damage of vegetation, take artificial measures after construction, and speed up recovering process of vegetation, and take some engineering measures for protection.
5.3.1.6 Mitigation Measures for Social Environmental Impact
← The reasonable acquired land compensation for the villagers shall be in accordance with the land acquisition and resettlement policy and compensation approach of the relevant national government and local government. The villagers’ opinion shall be listened carefully. The working and living conditions for the villagers shall be guaranteed that not lower than the current level.
← Construction for pipeline and lake area shall be done section by section. The excavation and backfilling shall be done as soon as possible. The construction sites, which near the public facilities such as hospital, school and bus station, shall have temporary pavements and warning signs. During the rush hour, traffic policemen shall give guide and dispatch to ensure smooth flow of pedestrians and vehicles. To reduce the pressure of urban traffic, the transporting of materials shall avoid the rush hour.
← Awareness training and education of cultural-relics protection for the management and construction staff shall be strengthened. According to field survey information, no cultural-relics have been found currently in the project area. However, if find any cultural-relics in the construction, the local conservation department shall be informed immediately. The site shall be preserved in time and the construction shall be stopped before the proper handling done by the conservation department.
← To reduce the possibility of traffic jam and the effects on traveling of the residents, the transporting of building materials and waste earth shall be done at night or avoiding the rush hour.
5.3.1.7 Human Health
To ensure the construction safety, the contractor shall prepare the health and safety approved by the relevant project management unit (PMU).
The contractor shall prepare the induction training program for the construction staff. The facilities like cranes, supports and other shall be fixed rigidly. To avoid the occurrence of personnel casualties, the construction staff shall observe the construction specifications such as Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention and Specification of Building Safety strictly and wear the personal protection equipments like safety helmet.
During construction, the contractor shall avoid transporting the materials in rainy day or at the time of go on/off shift to against traffic jam or accident. To avoid public casualties, proper isolation and protection facilities shall be installed and warning device shall be set up for dangerous sites with special personnel for caring.
An effective organization responsible for environment supervising and monitoring shall be established, which can start a fast and efficient procedure for any violation.
Detailed environmental and social impact specifications shall be prepared for the contractor and which shall be included into the tender documents. And the obligation for environment must be taken as part of the contract documents.
5.3.1.8 Cultural Resources
Although the local cultural departments and site survey for each component have confirmed that there are no physical cultural resources within the project area, the followng Chance-fine procedure should be followed once any physical cultural relics are found during the construction stage:
The construction should be stoped immediately once any physical cultural heritages are discovered and the local cultural department and specialist should be reported;
The site should be protected by the contractor and should not constructed until the local cultural department issued a permit.
5.3.2 Mitigation Measures in Operation Stage
5.3.2.1 Reclaimed water supply Project
1）Analysis on Water Pollution Control Measures
（1）Pollution control measures of Reclaimed water supply project
The pollution control measures of this reclaimed water supply project mainly include pollution control method of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater.
← The settling tank sludge water, filter backwashing water and pressure-filtered water from sludge dewatering chamber of this reclaimed water supply project shall be settled then flow back to front distributing well and be treated together with source water.
← Ultra-filtered and reverse-osmosis tail water from reclaimed water supply projects of Drainage Cannel 3, Drainage Cannel 7 and Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park be send to front distributing after coagulation & and settling treatment and reclaimed with source water from reclaimed water treatment plant; the wastewater will not be drained outside.
← The process of reverse-osmosis tail water treatment is: tail water → coagulation → settling → effluent→ reclaimed water treatment device. The main buildings and structures of reverse osmosis tail water treatment are indicated in diagram 5.3-1
5.3-1 Main buildings & structures of reverse-osmosis tail water treatment
|Sn |Buildings & Structures |Specification |Remarks |
|1 |Regulation tank |L×B×H =6m×5m×5m | |
|2 |Coagulation Tank |L×B×H=5m×5m×3m |Chemicals adding device 2 sets, speed reducing mixing |
| | | |device 1 set |
|3 |Settling Tank |L×B×H=13m×6m×5m |Mud scraper 2 sets, sludge discharge valve 4 sets |
|4 |Reservoir |L×B×H=10m×8m×5m |Clean water pump 3 sets |
← The domestic wastewater of this reclaimed water supply project will be sent to Wulatehouqi County Processing Park Wastewater Treatment Plant together with domestic wastewater from water supply project of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park. The domestic wastewater of Drainage Cannel 3 reclaimed water supply project will be sent to Hangjin Rear Banner Wastewater Treatment Plant. The domestic wasterwater of Drainage Cannel 7 reclaimed water supply project will be sent to Wuyuan Country Wastewater Treatment Plant. The domestic wastewater of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park reclaimed water supply project will be treated in underground treatment equipments in factory to meet standard of Reuse of urban recycling water--Water quality standard for urban miscellaneous water conTotalption （GB/T18920-2002）, be used as miscellaneous water for factory but shall not be discharged outside.
（2）Feasibilities Analysis of Water Pollution Control Measures of Reclaimed Water Supply Project
← The pollutants components of settling tank sludge water, filter backwashing water and pressure-filtered water from sludge dewatering chamber of this reclaimed water supply project are rather simple and main of them are SS. So, after settling, the water quality will be improved greatly, meanwhile rather little wastewater will be generated. This will take a small proportion of the scale of the whole reclaimed water supply project; also, this will have little effect on inlet water quality of reclaimed water plant but will not cause shocks to normal operation of reclaimed water supply facilities.
← In consideration of brine wastewater caused by ultra-filtered and reverse-osmosis technologies applied in reclaimed water supply project of Drainage Cannel 3, Drainage Cannel 7 and Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park, the wastewater will be coagulated settled then sent to front distribution and be reclaimed together with source water of reclaimed water plant; such wastewater will not drained outside.
← Suspended matter and salt content of tail water after reverse-osmosis treatment are rather high, but after neutralization, coagulation and settling treatment, not only the suspended matter but also the salt content will be reduced. After treatment, such wastewater will be reclaimed together with resource water to fully utilize and save water resources. So, this method is feasible to treat brine water.
← The Wulatehouqi County Processing Park wastewater treatment plant, which is related to this project, is also a project benefit from the World Bank loan; now this plant is under construction and the designed scale is 20,000 m3/d (recent-term); ICEAS process is applied and the construction will be performed from May, 2010 to Feb 2010. Drainage Cannel 3 wastewater treatment plant is located at the south of the Drainage Cannel 3 reclaimed water supply project; A2/O process is applied and this plant is completed and in trial operation, the designed scale is 20,000 m3/d. Drainage Cannel 7 reclaimed water treatment plant is located at the south of the Drainage Cannel 3 reclaimed water supply project; this plant is under construction and the designed scale is 22,000 m3/d in recent term and 44,000 m3/d in future term; active sludge Biolak wastewater treatment process is applied. The domestic wastewater drained quantity of Wulatehouqi County reclaimed water supply project, Drainage Cannel 3 reclaimed water supply project and Drainage Cannel 7 reclaimed water supply project take a rather small proportion of the quantity. Meanwhile the pollutant of such domestic wastewater is single and the content is rather low. When the water flows to the plant, it will take little effect on designed inlet water quantity and quality of the wastewater treatment plant.
← Therefore, it is feasible that the domestic wastewater caused by reclaimed water supply project engineering and operation is sent to wastewater via network treatment plant nearby and to be treated
（3）Proposal for Water Pollution Control Measures of Reclaimed Water Supply Project
← People shall strengthen management to ensure normal operation of equipments in design, construction and operation. Standby equipments shall be set. Accident prevention program shall be prepared to prevent serious consequences caused by problems.
← People shall strengthen management of project construction and operation to ensure the wastewater treatment facilities and the efficiency meet the design standard and requirement, also to ensure long-term, stable and normal operation and qualified tail water discharge.
← People shall set up sound environmental management rules & regulations and fully implement staff training program.
← People shall maintain and keep the equipments in good conditions to reduce abnormal running to avoid unqualified discharge and accident discharge risk.
2） Measures of Noise Pollution Control
The noises of this project when running may come from the water intake pump chamber, lift pump chamber of reclaimed water plant, sludge dewater system and clean water lift pump station. Noise elimination, vibration elimination and noise isolation measures will be applied to control noise, like low-noise equipments, vibration-reduce method and noise isolated buildings, etc.
There are no residents in 50m around the reclaimed water project. Silencers and bumpers are applied in this water in-take pump chamber. The pump chambers are sealed; also double-layer silence doors & windows are equipped. Measures such as installing silencers, bumpers and isolation booth on the noise sources of reclaimed water plant to ensure the noise level in the plant is qualified and meet 2 class as per Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises, ie. 60dB(A)in day and 50dB(A) in night.
If lift pumps are added, to reduce noises, it is required that:
← Sound isolation test shall be performed in the plant to ensure that the sound isolation performance shall not be lower than 25dB(A).
← Low power and low noise type pumps and ventilators shall be selected. Flexible joints shall be applied to connect the equipments and pipes to avoid vibration. Low noise and low vibration equipments shall be selected in procurement.
← Make a good layout in consideration of the direction of sound, the shielding function of building and noise-absorbs ion of green plants to reduce noise hazard to staff.
← Double-layer windows and wall materials with good sound absorption performance shall be applied in the Central Control Room. In structure, dumper ceiling, damper wall and damper floor shall be selected to avoid transmission of noises.
← Bumper cushions shall be installed in equipments with serious noises as noise-reduce treatment: All pumps and ventilators shall be equipped with bumper base and connected with pipes with flexible joints. All machines and pumps shall be installed on independent bases to avoid noises caused by resonance.
← Vibration-proof and shock-proof shall be considered in arranging, designing pipes and selecting brackets to abate noises to environment
← Install silencers to reduce noises of ventilators.
← Make a good and reasonable layout of the plant. Pay high attention of noise distance; arrange the noise sources centralized and away from office area.
← Pay high attention to greening work. Make a three-dimensional isolation belt near the reclaimed water plant and pump chamber with flowers, grasslands, woodlands and trees. Grow more high and dense trees to abate noises to circumstances.
← Noises from equipments can be abated effectively to meet concerned national standard by above methods.
3） Solid Wastes Management Measures
（1）Solid wastes control measures of reclaimed water supply project
The solid wastes produced by the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof this project mainly include sludge from reclaimed waterdisposal and the domestic garbage.
The sludge from reclaimed waterdisposal is first treated through concentration and dewatering until the water content of the sludge is lower than 80%; since the draining water from drainage canals has micro scale of heavy metals, it is necessary to identify the sludge from reclaimed waterdisposal so as to select the final disposal solution for sludge after completion and operation of this project.
In terms of domestic garbage, an agreement has been reached with local department of environmental sanitation that is responsible for immediate cleaning and transportation to ensure the domestic garbage to be cleaned, transported and disposed of promptly and effectively to prevent such materials from producing secondary pollution.
← It is suggested in this environmental assessment that the domestic garbage produced by the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof Wulatehouqi County Processing park shall be transported to Wulatehouqi County Refuse Landfill, the domestic garbage produced by the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof 3rd Drainage Canal to Hangjinhou Banner Refuse Landfill, the domestic garbage produced by the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof Wuyuan County Processing park to Wuyuan County Refuse Landfill, the domestic garbage produced by the water supply engineering of reclaimed waterof Gqimaodu Processing park to Wulatezhongqi County Refuse Landfill for disposal.
The details on the capacity and construction progress of the landfills to accommodate the sludge from this component are shown in Table 4.4-8. The design capacity of the municipal refuse landfill of Longxingchang Town, Wuyuan County, is 199t/d. The technique adopted is in line with the mordern sanitary landfill. The service scope covers Longxingchang Town. So far the main civil works and part of the affiliated structures have been completed, the transfer stations, and transporting vehicles have been in preparation.
The design capacity of the municipal refuse landfill capacity of Hangjinhouqi County is 80t/d, which is started to construct in June 2010 and will be operational by the end of November 2010. The service scope covers Shanba Town. The technique are sanitary land fill. It is expected that the refuse landfill capacity of all counties under the project will have adequate idle capacity to accommodate the garbage from this project.
← Qualified departments will be entrusted to identify the constituent of sludge produced from the wastewater treatment and reclaimed water plants with reference to Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes- Identification for Extraction Toxicity (GB5085.3-2007) .Two disposal solutions for sludge are as follows:
The first is that when the sludge from wastewater treatment and reclaimed water plants is identified not to be hazardous waste, it will be treated as common industrial wastes, together with the domestic garbage produced by the water supply engineering of reclaimed water, respectively transported to Wulatehouqi County Refuse Landfill, Hangjinhou Banner Refuse Landfill, Wuyuan County Refuse Landfill, Wulatezhongqi County Refuse Landfill for disposal.
The second is that if the sludge from wastewater treatment and reclaimed water plants is identified to be hazardous waste, it must be disposed by Baotou Hazardous Waste Disposal Center, Inner Mongolia, for disposal ( at Midwest of Inner Mongolia). Baotou Hazardous Waste Disposal Center has been operated in line with national regulations for hazardous waste management and it has a cerified tanker fleet and a certified waste transportation procedure. A preliminary agreement has been reached with Baotou Hazardous Waste Disposal Center on the transportation and disposal of the sludge.
Inner Mongolia Baotou (Mid-west area of Inner Mongolia) Hazardous Waste Disposal Center has been established in line with the National Construction Planning of Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facilities, issued by the national State Council. The overall investment is 198 million RMB and the site is located in the west of Hatamen Valley, Agarusutaimu, Jiuyuan District, Baotou City. The hazardous substances from eight cities, including Baotou City, Hohhot City, Erdos City, Wuhai City, Xilin Gol City, Ulan Qab City, Bayannaoer City, Alashan League, and medical waste disposal facilities of Baotou City will be disposed safely here. This center (1st stage) takes coverage of 36 thousand m3 and the overall capacity is 203367m3 The annual landfill quantity is 28760m3/a. The disposing capacities include: incineration 10,800t/a, waste acid 30,000t/a, physical & chemical disposing 5,000t/a and curing process 15,500t/a. Because that sludge produced in the reclaimed water plant is only 4,600.72t/a, Inner Mongolia Baotou (Mid-west area of Inner Mongolia) Hazardous Waster Disposal Center is capable to treat sludge from the reclaimed water plant. This disposal method is feasible.
（2）Proposal for reclaimed water project solid waste control
← Solid wastage of wastewater treatment plant, especially the sludge shall not disposed casually but be collected and stored properly, and be sent to an agreeable domestic waste landfill site periodically.
← It is forbidden to discharge sludge of reclaimed water plant to any ground waters, valleys, depressed land, caves or farmland but not exclusive discharge site.
← In temporary sludge deposit site of reclaimed water plant, foundation anti-seepage, rain proof, odor concentrating and emission and secondary pollution control measures shall be taken.
← Sludge shelter shall be rain-proof; the ground to deposit sludge shall be hardened. Coffer wall, draining and collection well shall be arranged near the shelter. The collected wastewater from the deposit sludge shall be fed back to reclaimed water treatment system.
← The dewatered sludge and solid waste of wastewater treatment plant shall be loaded and removed timely. Sludge shall be transported by closed tank trucks.
← The sludge shall be transported punctually and when the traffic is not so heavy if possible.
← The advance concentrating and dewatering equipments shall be used to reduce the water content to 75～80%, so as to reduce the quantity of sludge and facilitate utilization.
← The sludge attached on the trucks and wheels shall be removed when the solid waste storage and transportation vehicles leave the plant (pump station). Also, please check if the vehicle can be well closed or not to avoid pollution to roads.
← It is suggested that the construction enterprises shall cooperate with agriculture and landscape department to study the sludge serving as greening fertilizer so as to realized recycling of solid waste.
4）Safety measures of Chlorination Room
Chlorine leakage accident is the biggest potential pollutant. The leakage will cause hazard to production stuff member and even some influence to circumstances outside the plant.
Natural ventilation conditions shall be utilized, if natural ventilation is not practical, mechanical ventilation shall be applied. The ventilation frequency shall be 8~12 times per hour as per standard to ensure fresh air in the room. Meanwhile, the chlorine leakage alarm and absorption systems are equipped. As soon as leakage is happen, the chlorine detecting gauges will detect. If the detected leakage is higher up to preset value, the fan of leakage absorption system and alkaline liquid pumps will run to neutralize the leaked chlorine.
Installation of chlorine leakage detecting and alarming devices, layout, quantities and installation method shall comply with concerned regulations in Specification for the Design of Combustible Gas and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm for Petrochemical Enterprises （SH3063-1999）. The auto-alarm system shall act when chlorine content in air is up to 2~3ppm.
The chlorination room shall equip with protection devices such as gas mask for staff members in case of accidents.
To avoid chlorine accident caused by wrong operation, the chlorination staff shall be strictly trained; they can work only if they are aware of safety in using chlorine and detailed chlorination operation. All possible measures shall be taken to avoid bursting, oozing, dripping, leaking chlorine. Only operation staff members are allowed to enter chlorination room
Check the equipments periodically to ensure they are in good conditions.
Chlorination chamber shall open externally and equip with easy-handle locks to ensure quick escape in emergency situation.
5） Greening
To ensure a graceful environment in the reclaimed water supply project plant, double-layer greening program around building and beside roads shall be implemented to increase greening area maximally, while the green-cover percentage shall be higher than 30%. Select good tree species combined with flowers & grasses, fountain, the sculpture & artistic creation and flower beds to make a good layout and graceful environment. Arrange the tree species reasonably and three-dimensional tree belt organically combined with trees & shrubs, grasses and flowers to form a multi-layer greening environment and seasonal beauty of color. Make use of tanks, which are higher than ground, to let climbing plants climb up. Expand the flower bed to make a three-dimensional greening to form an all-season, graceful and beautiful garden-like factory.
Set up sanitary protection isolation belt in each reclaimed water supply plants. Use the isolation odor & protection function of greening belt, and especially isolate the living & administration area (front factory area) from production area by greening belt to create a good environment. Grow high and evergreen arbors around the production area and sludge treatment area to make the environment better.
6） List of “Three Simultaneousness” Environment Protection Measures Acceptance
“Three Simultaneousness” measures, results and investment estimation are indicated in diagram 5.3-1
5.3-1 List of “Three Simultaneousness” Environment Protection Measure Acceptance
|Item |Measures and equipments to control |Investment(10,000 RMB) |
|Wastewater |neutralization、coagulation、settling buildings and facilities |80 |
|Sludge |Sludge treatment facilities |1300 |
|Noise |Noise isolation, vibration and noise abatement |List and get from |
| | |equipments |
|Greening |Trees, flowers & grasses |560 |
|Detector |Pollutant detectors, sign board of wastewater discharge port and solid waste |100 |
| |site, .etc. | |
|Net work |Clean & waste water network |25 |
|construction | | |
|Chlorine leakage |Set up chlorine leakage detect & alarm device and chlorine absorption device in |800 |
|accident |chlorine chamber. Set up chlorine leakage detect & alarm device in chlorination | |
| |room | |
|Construction |Control and management measures for wastewater, odor and ecology during |200 |
|period |construction period | |
|Total |4115 |
5.3.2.2 Mitigation Measures of Wastewater Treatment and Re-use Project in Processing Park
1）Measures to Mitigate Air pollution to Circumstances
← The wastewater treatment plants have effects on environments, mainly it means odor, but odor is insufferable for people. So, control measures must be taken to reduce the effect of odor. In this project, biological de-odor device is designed to remove odor, so as to control generated odor effectively, therefore, following supplementary measures are represented in this EIR report:
← Strengthen greening construction in factory area. Green coverage in factory shall not be less than 30%. Greening shall be executed mainly around the grid, sludge treatment system and factory boundary. Generally, high arbors shall be mainly selected as greening trees; also, low shrubs can be supplementary. The green belt around the factory boundary shall be bigger than 5m.
← Strengthen management of each treatment system of wastewater treatment plant and remove deposited sludge. When the wastewater tanks are stopped to maintenance, the sludge will be emerged, so that the odor will come out. The sludge shall be removed timely to reduce odor.
← The sanitary protection distance of this project is 50m. The sources of odor are 10m or farther to factory boundary. It is recommended that 40m distance away from the boundary shall be arranged as plan control area, in this area, no civil building or other sensitive permanent buildings are allowed to be built.
2） Measures to Mitigate Water Pollution
After this project is completed, the water quality of general drainage cannel in Hetao District will be improved tremendously. To ensure normal operation of wastewater treatment plant, following measures shall be taken during plant operation:
（1）Reform the heavy pollution enterprises on-site. Close, stop, merge, change or shift unqualified enterprises.
（2）To ensure normal operation and qualified tail water to be discharged as per national standard, enterprises in the Park shall discharge their wastewater to network before their wastewater is treated respectively as well as the industrial feature pollutants are removed. The wastewater to be discharged shall meet Discharge standard for municipal wastewater (CJ3082-1999). The wastewater from sludge de-water chamber and domestic wastewater shall be collected in wastewater network and then be send to treatment process.
（3）The wastewater from heavy pollutant enterprises shall be pretreated in their factories before being discharged. An accident reservoir shall be built to void high load shock to wastewater treatment plant so that the treatment efficiency and tail water quality being affected.
（4）To prevent risk of accidents, starting from design and management, practicable measures shall be taken and accident emergency disposal system shall be established.
（5）Strengthen water pollution monitoring. Install online monitoring devices, which are linked with local environment protection department, in inlet and outlet of wastewater treatment plant. All wastewater treatment plant shall equipped with accident emergency reservoir.
（6）Operation management and operation responsibility system shall be well established; Staff members shall be well trained and technical evaluation files shall be set up for them. The unqualified staff shall not work.
3）Measures to Mitigate Noise Pollution
The noises of wastewater treatment project mainly come from the equipments, which include mechanical equipments like wastewater pump and ventilators, in wastewater treatment plant and wastewater lift pump station. Following measures can be applied to control noise pollution.
（1）To select low-noise ventilator, wastewater pump.
（2）Compound impedance silences are applied in the inlet and outlet.
（3）Use Isolation booth to control noises.
（4）Take measures like vibration elimination, noise isolation and underground channel ventilation for aeration tank ventilator room.
（5）The ventilator room control can be realized in Central Control Room so that the operators are not required to work in the ventilator room.
（6）A greening belt with certain width is required in the factory boundary. Arrange tri-layer arbor-shrub-arbor green belt and grassland under trees to eliminate the noises.
4）Measures to Mitigate Solid Waste Pollution
（1）Sludge Treatment Method
There are several methods to treat sludge, major of them are landfill, compost and incineration.
Although the constituents of the sludge to be genrated by this component is not clearly identified in the EA stage, according to analog data, the constituents of sludge of wastewater treatment plant are related to the properties of wastewater to be treated. Normally, the sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, which mainly take up industrial wastewater, contains high level heavy metal content which is much higher than the standard for sludge for agricultural application. Therefore, the sludge from processing park shall not be utilized as agricultural fertilizer. Instead, it shall be disposed by means of sanitary landfill. Inner Mongolia Baotou (Mid-west area of Inner Mongolia) Hazardous Waster Disposal Center will be assigned to treat such sludge. The profile of Baotou Hazardous Waste Disposal Center is showed in 5.3.2.1，Because that sludge produced in this processing park wastewater treatment plant is only 4,307t/a, Inner Mongolia Baotou (Mid-west area of Inner Mongolia) Hazardous Waster Disposal Center is capable to treat sludge from this processing park wastewater treatment plant. This disposal method is feasible. See hazardous and waste treatment agreement of this project in attachment.
(2) Disposal of screenings and domestic garbage
The screenings intercepted by fine and coarse screens are mainly solid substance, including both inorganic and organic substance. They have the properties similar to the domestic garbage and must be properly collected, stored and disposed of. Specific pile-up, packing and transport shall strictly follow the regulations.
All domestic garbage must be in bagged. Full-time personnel should be designated to collect and send to the pile-up site designated by local environmental department, and conveyed by garbage truck in timely manner to the solid waste landfill facilities.
It is suggested that the screenings in wastewater treatment and domestic garbage of Wulatehouqi County Processing Park should be hauled to the garbage landfill site of Wulatehouqi County; the sludge in wastewater treatment and domestic garbage of Wulateqianqi County Processing Park to thelandfill site of Wulateqianqi County, and the screenings in wastewater treatment and domestic garbage of Ganqimaodu Processing Park to the garbagelandfill site of Wulatezhongqi County.
The capacities and construction progress of the garbage landfill sites in the project counties for the project are included in Table 4.4-8. It shows that the construction progress and disposal capacity of the garbage landfill site in the countires can meet the requirement of the project.
Dredged sediment and doimestic garbage shall be transported in tankers, in order to avoid spillage or affect scenery and sanitation.
The capacity and construction status of refuse landfills of the project counties are shown in Table 4.4-8. The design landfill capacity of Wulashan Town, Wulateqianqi County is 100t/d. The techniques are sanitary land fill. The service scope covers Wulashan Town. So far the civil works of the landfill have been completede and will be ready for use by the end of 2010. The design landfill capacity of Hai liutu Town, Wulatezhongqi County is 70t/d. The techniques are sanitary land fill. The service scope covers Hailitu Town. So far the civil works is under construction and will be ready for use by the end of August 2011. The design landfill capacity of Wulatehouqi County is 85t/d. The techniqus are sanitary land fill. The service scope covers Ba Yinbaolige Town. So far the civil works in this town is under construction and will be ready for use by the end of October 2011. It can be expected that the design landfill capacity of all the counties can meet the need for disposal of sludge and screenings of the project
5） Measure to Protect Ecological Environment
The green coverage may reduce owing to construction. Greening in factory, including greening belt around the factory, grassland in factory and trees beside the roads, shall be performed as compensation. Following measures are recommended to take during greening construction:
（1）Pay Attention to Proportion of Arbors, shrubs and grasslands.
Keep a certain hierarchical structure. As per greening equivalence defined by ecological service function, an arbor or shrub is equal to 1.5m2 of dense grassland. So, if we enhance the proportion of arbors and shrubs in certain area, the ecological service function will be improved. Meanwhile, a plant community structure including three layer arbor—shrubs—grasses has higher anti-interference abilities. Normally, the green projected area of arbors shall take a proportion higher than 50%, while shrubs 30% at least and grassland 50%(overlapped percentage 130%)
（2）Select Mixed Forest Instead of Single-specie Forest
Multiple tree species formed by coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest may be applied in greening. Do not use single-specie forest. Economic tree species like poplar, willow and elm are suitable trees to be grown in factory.
（3）Use Indigenous Species As Possible
The indigenous species fit with local circumstances better and the survival rate is higher. With stronger adaptabilities and capabilities for resisting natural disasters, the indigenous species are preferred tree (grass) species for greening. Local shrubs and grass species shall be selected with sand fixation function..
（4）Strengthen Management
The factory people shall appoint special people for greening and management, also, concerned rules and regulations shall be stipulated to protect grassland and ecological circumstances.
5.3.2.3 Mitigation Measures of Wuliangsuhai Lake Project
The operation stage of Wuliangsuhai Lake regulation project is focusing on noise of man-made wetland engineering and solid waste.
1）Measures to Mitigate Noise Pollution
The noises of this project mainly come from the pumps of water lift station and compressor of aeration tank. Following measures may be taken to control noise pollution.
← Double-layer windows and wall material with good sound absorption performance shall be applied in the pump chamber and compressor chamber. In structure, dumper ceiling, damper wall and damper floor shall be selected to avoid transmission of noises. The sound isolation performance shall not be lower than 25dB(A).
← Low power and low noise type pumps and ventilators shall be selected.
← All pumps and ventilators shall be equipped with bumper base and connected with pipes with flexible joints. All machines and pumps shall be installed on independent bases to avoid noises caused by resonance.
← Install silencers to reduce noises of ventilators
← Make a good layout as per the direction of sound, the shielding function of building and noise-absorbs ion of green plants to reduce noise hazard to staff.
← Vibration-proof and shock-proof shall be considered in arranging, designing pipes and selecting brackets to abate noises to environment.
← Pay high attention to greening work. Make a three-dimensional isolation belt near the reclaimed water plant and pump chamber with flowers, grasslands, woodlands and trees. Grow more high and dense trees to abate noises to circumstances.
← Noises from equipments can be abated effectively to meet concerned national standard by above methods.
2）Measures to Mitigate Solid Waste Pollution
Solid wastes produced in lake area regulation project operation mainly include sludge in settling tank and domestic solid waste.
The main solid waste generated in the operation of the artificial wetland is sludge in deposition pond, is cleaned every 5-10 years, and should be timely cleaned and shipped out and sent to the garbage dumping site of Wulateqian County for burial treatment. In transportation, some measures shall be taken to prevent secondary pollution caused by leakage.
Domestic wastes will be collected and loaded by environmental sanitation department as per the agreement with such department to ensure domestics wastes are removed and sent to the garbage dumping site of Wulateqian County for burial treatment.
3）Mitigation measures for local water cycle impact
← Anti seepage treatment will be adopted by using the buried plastic technology at the outer side of the reed field in wetland to prevent lateral seepage and infiltration, avoiding soil salinization。
← Strengthen the management of artificial wetland operation, maintain the normal operation of the anti seepage system to prevent leakage accidents from occurring.
6. Environmental Risk Analysis and Relief Measures
6.1 Environmental Risk Analysis and Relief Measures of Reclaimed Water Supply Works
6.1.1 Environmental Risk Analysis of Reclaimed Water Supply Works
The failure of individual equipment of the planned reclaimed water supply works will have no impact on the reclaimed water disposal system by and large; two-way power supply can prevent power cut-off accident and in case of failure of power supply, standby electric generators will timely discharge the untreated reclaimed water into surrounding surface water system for ensuring the safety of reclaimed water supply works while the surrounding surface water system is to be influenced to some extent. Therefore, we’d strengthen the management and maintenance of reclaimed water supply works, and compile an emergency handling proposal for preventing pollution accident of water environment.
Chlorine dioxide is used in the planned reclaimed water supply works for disinfection. Sodium chlorate and muriatic acid are purchased for producing chlorine dioxide, with a little chlorine gas as the by-product. Moreover, another key environmental risk of reclaimed water supply works is accident caused by the failure of chlorine dioxide generator in the disinfection. On the basis of the analysis on the damage of the accident, reasonable and feasible prevention measures are put forward for minimizing accident rate, loss and environmental damage of the construction project.
Chlorine dioxide, a yellowish red gas with irritative smell can scatter on the ground and is usually diluted to a solution with lower than 10% concentration in use and storage; and with high oxidizability, it may have an explosion reaction with many chemical substance, is extremely sensitive to heat, shock, hit and friction and tends to decompose and explode.
Chlorine gas, a yellowish green poisonous gas with irritative smell has a relative density 1.47(0℃, 369.77kPa), melting point -101℃ and boiling point -34.5℃, and is dissolved in water and lye. It produces hypochlorous acid and muriatic acid with water, where the hypochlorous acid is then decomposed into muriatic acid nascent chlorine, oxygen, chlorine gas density 2.49, and vapor pressure 506.62kPa (5atm10.3℃) and acid. Chlorine and carbon monoxide produces phosgene in intensively heat case. Chlorine gas is non-combustible gas while can support combustion, and explode in mixing with combustible gas in daylight and cause inflammation and explosion with many substances.
The chlorine dioxide generator of the project has extremely low output of chlorine dioxide & chlorine gas in abnormal working status. Moreover, chlorine adding workshop is equipped with a lye spraying and absorbing device with processing efficiency of over 98%. Therefore, the accident of the project has a small scope, and in case of accident, timely measures will alleviate the impact rapidly in a short period.
In sum, perfect accident handling measures can minimize environmental risk of this project.
6.1.2 Environmental Risk Relief Measures of Reclaimed Water Supply Works
6.1.2.1 Environmental Risk Counter-measures
(1) Prevention Measures against Environmental Risk and Accident taken in Design
← Strictly define the production danger area of reclaimed water plant, set up the plan under the principle of safety and sanitation, take into account wind direction, safe protection distance and other factors, and select corresponding flameproof electric equipment.
← Set up relevant fire-prevention, explosion-proof, poison prevention, and monitoring, and alarming and other safety facilities for the equipments and pipelines in use according to the properties of chlorine dioxide and chlorine gas.
← Chemical adding room should be set up with lye spraying system as well as automatic chlorine gas monitoring alarm system.
← Chemical adding room should be set up with a closed operating cabin of the accident disposal system and waste gas alkaline collecting device in handling accident.
(2) Risk & Accident Prevention Measures in Operation and Management
← Sophisticated automation system should be used for chemical adding device for effectively controlling production process, timely feeding back the information and shutting down the device in case of accident, so as to reduce the leakage of chlorine dioxide and chlorine gas caused by the accident.
← Strictly implement the operating regulations, keep to the post, closely monitor the change of process parameters of the equipment, timely report and take effective measures in case of any failure.
← Chlorine adding room should be provided with forced ventilating equipments.
← Strictly put an end to the leakage of pipeline system, especially the joint between the valve and pipe, as well as flexible hose and equipment; and carry out regular inspection over pressurized vessel and pressurized component and material.
← Set up lightning-proof system and fire prevention system;
← Set up cofferdam around the muriatic acid tank with switching device, and build up one accident collection basin with more than 2m3 volume. In case of leakage accident of muriatic acid, the accident should stay in empty status as usual.
← The reclaimed water plant should be set up with emergency accident rescue system covering monitoring, early-warning communication, command, first-aide repair and rescue;
6.1.2.2 Relief Measures of Risk Accident
(1) Emergency Handling Measures
Evacuate the people in leakage polluted area to higher windward position, and close off till the gas completely disappears. Cut off the sources of fire and gas, spray water for diluting, carry out forced ventilation (indoor) or ventilation (outdoor). Gas leaking vessel cannot be reused, for which technical treatment is required for eliminating the remaining gas.
(2) Protective Measures
← Protection of respiratory system: gas mask is required in case of high concentration in the air. In emergency rescue or withdrawal, positive-pressure self-supported respirator is recommended.
← Protection of eyes: chemical safety protective glasses are required.
← Protection of body: working clothes required.
← Protection of hand: chemical gloves are required for possible touch with poisonous substance.
← Others: no smoking on the working site. Bath and re-dressing after work, and good sanitation habits are required.
(3) First-aide Measures
← Skin touch: put off the polluted clothes, and rinse with much flowing fresh water for at least 15min. See a doctor.
← Eye touch: open the upper & lower eyelids, rinse with much flowing fresh water or physiological salt solution for at least 15min. See a doctor.
← Inhalation: rapidly leave the site and move to the area with fresh air. Keep smooth breath. Have oxygen therapy in case of difficult breath. See a doctor.
6.2 Environmental Risk Analysis and Relief Measures of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Works
The operation of wastewater disposal plant is usually stable. To minimize the failure, some emergency measure should be defined for wastewater disposal plant and operating management should be strengthened. Several possible cases are analyzed as follows.
6.2.1 Potential Environmental Risk and Accident
(1) Emergency Accident
Quality problem or improper maintenance of wastewater treatment equipment and facility will cause failure of the equipment and facility. As a result, wastewater treatment efficiency declines and wastewater may be directly discharged instead of any treatment; or some force majeure, such as power shutdown and sudden natural disaster may interrupt the operation of wastewater treatment facility, and a lot of untreated wastewater is directly discharged. This case is extremely abnormal emission of wastewater disposal plant. In case of abnormal operation of wastewater treatment facility caused by electric power failure, wastewater can only be directly discharged into and pollute the surface water system through overflow pipes.
(2) Equipment Failure
The failure of wastewater or sludge treatment system lowers the treatment capacity of wastewater. The indicators of outlet water quality fail to comply with the design or sludge fails to timely shrink and dehydrate. As a result, sludge is fermented, and the storage tank is completely packed and smells unfavorably.
(3) Impact on Inlet Water Quality
The treatment effect of wastewater disposal plant is greatly subject to the inlet wastewater capacity, water quality and other parameters of the plant. According to the State’s statutes on the environmental protection, the emission of industrial wastewater of various enterprises must comply with the standards and the requirements of wastewater disposal plant. In case of sudden accident of wastewater disposal plant of enterprises e.g. power cut-off, its wastewater may be discharged into the wastewater pipeline of the processing area with no treatment and enter a wastewater disposal plant of newly built processing area. In case that inlet waste water causes excessively high impact load, pH value exceeding the scope of 6-9 and the non-decomposable organic poisonous substance higher than the criteria, biochemical and microbe activity of wastewater disposal plant will decline. More seriously, biota is damaged, and sludge is swollen. Finally, outlet water quality deteriorates and exceeds emission standards of the State, and causes decisive unfavorable impact upon water environment and ecological system.
(4) Risk and Accident in Normal Operation
Due to the suddenness of risk and accident of wastewater treatment system, it may bring vital damage to the personnel maintaining the system and even endanger their lives. In case of environmental risk and accident, the health and safety of the working personnel in wastewater disposal plant are firstly influenced. In case of accident of one construction of wastewater system, the accident must be immediately eliminated. In this case, repair workers should enter wastewater pipe, inlet well or wastewater basin, where poisonous H2S gas tends to exist and accumulate and with no protective measures, repair personnel may breathe in poisonous gas due to bad ventilation and suffer from symptoms such as swirl, unsmooth breath and death in serious case. The wastewater or sludge contains various pathogeny bacteria and helminth eggs. In direct touch with wastewater or sludge, operators may suffer from some intestines diseases and verminosis if sanitation conditions are terrible.
6.2.2 Prevention Countermeasure and Measures of Risk and Accident
6.2.2.1 Prevention Countermeasure of Source Accident
Source accident means if the production of enterprise producing wastewater is consecutive, outlet water quality is stable and pretreatment device on the site runs smoothly. The abnormal emission of individual enterprise may cause sharp increase of relevant wastewater concentration and finally influence stable operation of wastewater disposal plant. Therefore, source enterprise should notify wastewater disposal plant timely in the construction start, in order to take some measures. Production limit or shutdown proposal should be implemented for a plant with accident if necessary, for reducing the load and environment risk of wastewater disposal plant.
← Carry out technical treatment for the reason of abnormal emission, add nutritional substance to aerobiosis basin in case of swelling trend of sludge for improving the properties of the sludge, and strictly control the air quantity of van so as to resolve the swelling problem of sludge on very start.
← Control the quality of the wastewater of the pipe-connected enterprises, and carry out strict inspection and monitoring of the quality of wastewater, and control water quality in anaerobic hydrolysis basin according to the load design, and ensure the normal operation of anaerobic hydrolysis basin.
← Clean production should be taken for reducing the arbitrary emission of stench. Production source of stench is to be regularly eliminated. Strengthen the adjustment of gas capacity of aeration basin for reducing arbitrary emission of stench.
6.2.2.2 Accident Countermeasure & Measure of Wastewater Disposal Plant Itself
The accident of wastewater disposal plant itself comes from equipment failure, overhaul or change of process parameter, which deteriorates the efficiency of treatment. With serious water pollution, an accident should be prevented and some emergency measures be prepared.
← To enable wastewater disposal plant to restore production in the accident status rapidly, main buildings should be provided with relevant buffer capacity and the equipment (e.g. backflow pump, backflow pipe, valve and instrument).
← Top quality equipments are selected. Top-quality products with low failure rate and easy maintenance should be selected as various machines, instruments and other equipments of wastewater disposal plant. Key equipments should run with one in standby. Wearing parts should be prepared for timely renewal in case of accident.
← Strengthen the monitoring and control of accident symptom, carry out regular patrol inspection, adjustment, maintenance and repair. Timely find out the symptoms that may cause accident, and eliminate potential accident.
← Strictly control the process parameters of various disposal units such as water quantity, water quality, residence time and load strength, and ensure the stability of treatment effect. Provide some automatic water flow and quality analyzing and monitoring instruments, and carry out regular sampling and determination. The operators should timely adjust and keep the equipment in good status.
← To strengthen technical management work of wastewater disposal plant, and improve the treatment efficiency of different process segments are main items of the work for ensuring qualified emission. Wastewater disposal plant shall try to import talents proficient in wastewater treatment technique and management, and meet technical demand of the plant and realize scientific and regularized management. The managerial staff of wastewater disposal plant should have high technical level and management capability. Main operators should have strict trainings on theory and practical operation before work start.
← Strengthen the operating management and the monitoring of inlet and outlet water. Prohibit any discharge of unqualified wastewater before treatment.
← Rainwater pipeline outlet and wastewater outlet should be equipped with cut-off control valve. Turn off the valve in case of accident so as to timely hold back the wastewater and prevent the direct entrance of wastewater into water system.
6.2.2.3 Emergency Handling Proposal for Risk and Accident
(1) Classification and Organizational Structure of Emergency Handling Proposal
In case of accidental emission of the wastewater, the leadership group of the plant for emergency rescue should make judgment on the impact and damage of the accident according to the accident information from the duty room of the emergency rescue command center. For an average accident, only Class-III emergency rescue can be actuated. The head of plant on duty, the person on duty on the site and technical operator should establish a Class-III emergency team for carrying out the rescue action. For large-scale accident with serious damage, the leadership group of the plant for emergency rescue should rapidly set up a field emergency rescue command center comprising the director and deputy director of the wastewater plant and technical, instrument and equipment engineers. According to the demands of rescue on the site of the accident, on the basis of part-time rescue workers of the plant, special teams e.g. rescue, medical service, security guard, communication & information release should be set up and mobilized for emergency rescue action.
According to the harm of an accident and emergency rescue required, the emergency rescue actions are divided into three classes: Class-III emergency (early warning emergency, for average accident), Class-II emergency (field emergency, for big accident) and Class-I emergency (overall emergency, for major accident).
← Class-III emergency: in case of controllable abnormal event or sudden event to be easily controlled e.g. small-size wastewater leakage, and equipment failure, wastewater plant carries out emergency actions such as leakage stopping, medical service, repair and rescue according to the preset procedures;
← Class-II emergency: in case of any large-size wastewater leakage, sharp increase of pollutant concentration of inlet water and power cut-off of wastewater plant, the harm and impact of the accident exceed the handling capability of Class-III emergency rescue and need the whole emergency rescue force of the plant for disposal;
← Class-I emergency: the impact of an accident goes outside the bound of wastewater plant and requires the leadership institution of the plant for emergency rescue to coordinate surrounding enterprise or surrounding emergency rescue authorities for obtaining the support of social rescue force and organizing the traffic control, and withdrawal and evacuation of the pedestrians nearby and the support of rescue team, for the purpose of minimizing the personal death, economic loss and social impact of the accident.
The organizational institutions of emergency handling for Class I, II & III are included in Figure 6.2-1-6.2-3.
[pic]
Figure 6.2-1 Organizational Institution of Emergency Handling for Class III
[pic]
Figure 6.2-2 Organizational Institution of Emergency Handling for Class II
[pic]
Figure 6.2-3 Organizational Institution of Emergency Handling for Class I
(2) Alarm and Communication
① Alarm and Communication
The whole plant area runs in a mode of integrated manual and telephone alarm system.
In case of emergency or accident, alarming personnel can start the alarm button for giving alarm to the central control room. The plant area is equipped with one central control room presenting centralized monitoring & managing for the plant area itself and wastewater disposal facilities.
② Communication Facility
The telecom cable lines of the plant area include speaker talk-back lines and wireless talk-back lines, in which cables of different systems are separate and make up independent systems. The communication facilities in plant area including: two sets of speaker talk-back telephones, and two pairs of wireless talk-back telephones.
③ Alarm Procedure
In case of accident or dangerous condition, the first finder should give an alarm to the duty room of emergency rescue command center (in the central control room) as soon as possible, and report the accident to the head of the shift in charge of the production on the day. Alarm mode including: ① press the alarm button near to the accident site, and notify the central control room; and ② notify the duty room.
After receiving an alarm, the emergency rescue personnel should rapidly prepare for response. The on-duty personnel of emergency rescue command center should report to the leadership group of the plant for emergency rescue in combination with a field report on the accident and the information of safety monitoring system. The leadership for emergency rescue should determine the actuation of emergency handling proposal according to the scale of accident.
In case of grave sudden environment pollution accident in the plant area, the emergency rescue command center will directly contact local government, environmental protection department and fire prevention authorities for alarm, and request information and technical supports.
(3) Emergency Handling Measures
Both rainwater pipeline outlet and wastewater discharge outlet are equipped with cut-off control valves. Immediately turn off the valve, and timely cut off the wastewater and prevent the wastewater from directly flowing into the water system in case of accident.
In case that the wastewater flows into reception water system i.e. Xibei Canal due to the untimely cut-off of the valve, local governments and environmental protection authorities at district or municipal level should be timely notified. The government will run as temporary rescue headquarters and command the production shutdown of various wastewater pipe-connected enterprises; and the environmental protection authorities will set up emergency rescue team and build up cofferdam for blocking up outlet of wastewater disposal plant immediately. Moreover, monitoring personnel should be sent out for immediate monitoring of pollution belt from the outlet of tail water to 2km lower reach of Xibei Canal and analyzing the water quality parameters of the water system according to the standards.
6.3 Artificial Wetland Works of Wuliangsuhai Lake
6.3.1 Analysis of Wetland Operation in Winter
6.3.1.1 Extended Wetland System in High and Cold Conditions
The inlet water of Wuliangsuhai Lake has the features as follows: large water volume, low organic substance content, bad biochemical properties and high nutrient salt content. Such inlet water makes traditional anaerobic pond and facultative pond hardly realitze their desirable functions. Especially in cold area in winter where the water surface is frozen traditional, the stabilization pond usually lost its designed function but only plays the role of water storage (such as the stabilization pond of Kelamayi Municipality, Xinjiang). Wuliangsuhai Lake has high inlet water flow in winter. It’s calculated that present wetland area isn’t adequate in storage. Moreover, in frozen period, the pollutants especially nitrogen & phosphor salt in the inlet water is huge in quantity. Therefore, nutrient removal efficiency of wetland in winter should be guaranteed.
The survey of the departments of US on best management practice (BMPs) of wetland in cold climate indicates that some special considerations are required for the design and operation of wetland in frozen and snow blanket conditions. This is because: in frozen condition, the depth and volume of water system will decline at least by half, and the frozen earth layer of the surface of wetland is nearly water resistant; water forcedly flows through water system and erodes substrate sludge; DO declines, and water quality problem appears; and processing efficiency declines sharply. Moreover, the inflow water in the wetland has bad water quality and requires special treatment. Figure 5.1 includes the change of water flow and substrate sludge in frozen condition.
[pic]
Figure 9.1-1 Change of Water Flow and Substrate Sludge in Frozen Conditions
For shallow-water wetland (swamp), the ice layer of Wuliangsuhai Lake can reach the thickness of 0.6-1.0 m, and is frozen by and large, where water is unable to flow. Therefore, it is can be used under the cold condition. Pond and wetland system can be applicable after renovation. In light of frozen condition in winter, extended pool expands its depth and volume. Adequate flowing water layer is available under the ice cover. The wastewater treatment in ice cover condition is applicable. Generally, the minimum extended storage capacity is no less than 25%, and extended pool should have 50% storage capacity at least. Moreover, ice cover makes extremely low content of dissolved oxygen in lower layer of water system. Aeration & re-oxygenation measures can be taken for promoting the biological decomposing and transformation of microbes. The comparison of different wetland systems is included in Table 6.3-1.
Table 6.3-1 Comparison of Different Wetland Systems in Cold Condition
|Wetland system |Over-wintering performance |Schematic diagram of wetland system |
|Shallow water swamp |Hard use in cold area |[pic] |
|Pool +wetland system|Renovation required for used in cold |[pic] |
| |area | |
|extended wetland |Good use in ice cover condition |[pic] |
|system | | |
With expanded water depth & storage volume, the extended pool system has the characteristics of anaerobic pond and facultative pond. Moreover, the aeration and re-aeration in proper areas can not only improve the pollutant removal efficiency of organic substance but also facilitate nitration and denitrification of nitrogen and phosphor dilution and absorption. Extended pool in cold area has the advantages as follows: (1) good water head preservation, lower layer with good over-wintering capability under the impact of ice cover; (2) long residence time of water, good pollutant removal capability; (3) deep facultative pond is able to reduce the movement of oxygen; (4) the multi-level small while deep ponds has low SS concentration in the outlet water; (5) deep pond facilitates the substrate sludge to become denser; and, (6) flexible operation.
Wuliangsuhai Lake is frozen in November and melt in March of next year with ice cover period of over four months. In this period, total emission of pollutants is huge. The calculation results of water quality and quantity data in May 2008- April 2009 reveal that in five months from December to April, the emissions of organic substance, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are 0.6, 2.4, 1.1 and 1.5 times of the total in other months respectively.
6.3.1.2 Uncertainities of pollutants removal and Mitigation Measures
Artificial wetland usually has very bad pollutant removal capacity in winter. Because the cold weather will not only reduce the bacteria activity, but also eliminate the plants’ function in oxygen accumulation around their rooy system which is the primary function of wetlands to remove pollutants. However there are many proven technologies to improving the pollutants removal efficiency in harsh winter. Among them, a combination of the “ice layer-air layer” thermal insulation technique and oxygen adding technology has been proven the least cost while achieving the desirable effects of removing pollutants. For example, in Figure 9.1.2, when ice layer takes shape in some thickness in winter, the water lifting pump station is started, and the operating water level of wetland declines by about 10-20cm for realizing the purpose of preventing the heat dissipation of water system and improving the velocity of biochemical reaction of microbes.
The study proves that the aeration in front or back of wetland system can obviously improve dissolved oxygen concentration in wetland, shock-load resistence capability of the system and pollutant removal efficiency of organic substance by over 10%. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN is obviously improved by up to about 60%. Relevant studies prove that artificial aeration measures play obvious role in improving wastewater treatment effect in winter. J. Nivala holds that in winter, aeration measure and thermal insulating measure can realize best treatment effect if applied together, where the removal rate of BOD, COD and NH4+-N reaches up to 88%, 44% and 93% respectively.
An under-ice aeration device can be set up in Wuliangsuhai Lake wetland for improving the pollutant removal efficiency especially in frozen period in winter. Under-ice aeration technique can be used according to local condition.
[pic]
Figure 6.3.2 Schematic Diagram of Ice Layer-Air Layer Thermal Insulation and Under-ice Aeration
6.3.1.3 Wetland Plant Configuration
In small lake-area of Wuliangsuhai Lake, reed is outstanding variety and plays a dominant role. Existing reed can be directly used as the wetland plant, instead of more expensive new species of plants. To improve the tourism value in respect of landscape, a series of landscape plants can be configured.
Wetland renovation needs higher water level in operation. The water level should be controlled for realizing optimal pollutant eliminating water depth and maintaining the growth of reed. According to the results of observations on three sampling points of Wuliangsuhai Lake at 37 times, the distribution of reed at water depth of 0-0.5m, 0.5-1.0m and 1-1.5m is 19%, 35% & 36% respectively, with an average of 0.91+0.13 m (95% reliable scope). It proves that reed isn’t fit for the area with 0-0.5m water depth, and most reeds are fit for water depth of 0.5-1.0m. Therefore, the water depth of wetland should be controlled at 0.5-1.0m.
6.3.1.4 Flow Scheme of Extended Wetland System
The schematic diagram of the section of compound wetland is included in Figure 6.3-.3.
[pic]
Figure 6.3-3 Schematic Diagram of the Section of Compound Wetland System
6.3.2 Inlet Water Quantity of Wetland in Winter and Water Quality Analysis
6.3.2.1 Water Quantity Analysis
In winter, among three wetlands, only the general trunk canal wetland runs. Figure 6.3-4 presents the monthly quantity change of water that Liufenqiao of general trunk canal discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake in 1996-2005. Figure 6.3-5 presents monthly quantity change of water that Honggebo Water Lifting Station of general trunk ditch discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake in May 2008-April 2009. Due to the impact of irrigation water consumption of Hetao Irrigation Area, the water quantity of the general trunk ditch features obvious monthly change. The statistics on water quantity in the following two charts reveals that the change of water quantity can be roughly divided into three stages. In irrigation period of May-September, the quantity of water discharge is huge. From June 2008 to September 2009, the quantity of discharge remains at 49.50-66.48 million m3 monthly by and large; it’s highest in October (less in October 2008) and November, and reaches up to 119 million m3 in November 2008, accounting for nearly 24% of the total discharge of general trunk ditch; and in non-irrigation period from December to April, the quantity of discharge is least and about 10 million m3 monthly.
[pic]
Figure 6.3-4 Monthly Quantity Change of Water that Liufenqiao of General Trunk Ditch discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake in 1996-2005
(The data in the figure is average value of the same months in one decade)
[pic]
Figure 6.3-5 Monthly Quantity Change of Water that Honggebo Water Lifting Station of General Trunk Ditch discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake in May 2008-April 2009
6.3.2.2 Water Quality Analysis
Pollutant concentration of wastewater that general trunk ditch discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake in July, 2008-June 2009 is included in Table 6.3-2. The table proves that pollutant concentration of the water has obvious seasonal change. The months with obvious concentration increase are December to April of next year mainly (where December is the transitional month from low pollutant concentration to high): CODCr concentration is 86.5-186 mg·L-1, with an average of 135.3 mg·L-1; ammonia nitrogen concentration is 8.7-35.6 mg·L-1, with an average of 22.5 mg·L-1; TN concentration is 12.35-36.9 mg·L-1, with an average of 26.25 mg·L-1; TP concentration is 2.04-7.05 mg·L-1, with an average of 4.2 mg·L-1. The change of pollutant concentration in other months is stable: CODCr, TN and TP are 26-72 mg·L-1, 2.4-13.6 mg·L-1 and 0.23-1.7 mg·L-1 respectively, with average value of 44.4 mg·L-1, 4.81 mg·L-1 and 0.61 mg·L-1 respectively.
Table 6.3-2 Quality of Water that General Trunk Ditch discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake from April 2008 to August 2009 (mg/L)
|Month |COD |ammonia nitrogen |TN |TP |
|2008.4 |186 |18.2 | |6.15 |
|2008.5 |60 |1.20 |13.5 |1.70 |
|2008.6 |26 |1 |3.4 |0.73 |
|2008.7 |63 |1.75 |4.10 |0.49 |
|2008.8 |55 |1.60 |2.90 |0.23 |
|2008.9 |30.5 |1.60 |4.20 |0.5 |
|2008.10 |41 |0.80 |2.40 |0.31 |
|2008.11 |35 |2.4 |3.20 |0.33 |
|2008.12 |86.5 |8.7 |12.35 |2.42 |
|2009.1 |138 |15 |21.5 |4.50 |
|2009.2 |148 |32.8 |33.8 |7.05 |
|2009.3 |156 |35.6 |36.9 |5.01 |
|2009.4 |148 |20.4 |26.7 |2.04 |
|2009.5 |52 |1.6 |5.09 |0.72 |
|2009.6 |37 |1.6 |8.29 |0.67 |
|2009.7 |72 |8.3 |13.6 |1.13 |
|2009.8 |57 |12.2 |16 |0.61 |
The calculation results of water quality and quantity data in May 2008- April 2009 reveal that in five months from December to April, the emissions of organic substance, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are 0.6, 2.4, 1.1 and 1.5 times of the total in other months respectively.
6.3.3 Accident analysis on Abnormal Operation
6.3.3.1 Risk Accident Simulation
According to the identification of risk source of this project, inlet water is directly discharged with no treatment when wetland doesn’t run. According to the inlet water quantity and quality analysis of wetland, there’re two cases: the 1st is non-freezing period, and the 2nd is freezing period.
1)Risk Analysis Model
Hydraulic mathematical model has 0D, 1D, 2D & 3D equations. 0D model is used for water quality prediction in most simple and ideal status. 1D model is used in average flow parameter of a section, takes into account the change of parameters along the vertical direction. 2D model not only has the features of 1D model but also considers the change of parameters along the horizontal direction. 3D model using “point” flow parameter takes into account the change of parameters not only along the vertical and horizontal directions but also the perpendicular direction. Obviously, 3D model is much more complicated than other models.
When the ratio between wastewater and clean water is 1:10 or over 1:20, only dilution instead of decomposing is considered. Completely uniform mixture is realized within the section. In this case, the issue is 0D. The daily inlet water of wetland is 0.333-2.116 million m3, much less than water quantity of the whole sea area. Therefore, 0D hydraulic mathematical model is selected.
2) Zero- dimention Basic Hydraulic Equation
If we treats one water body such as one river, one reservoir, lake or water area as complete system, various water masses in the system are completely mixed evenly. The substance flowing into the system is immediately scattered in the whole system. This closed consecutive flow & completely mixed reaction system is an ideal status. The following mass balance relationship under the mass conservation principle is (Figure 6.3-6)
[pic]
Figure 6.3-6 Calculation Cell of 0D Model
[pic]
Where,
V—volume of the system, m3;
C0, C—pollutant concentration of the system and inside the system, mg L-1;
S—Other source and loss of the system, mg d-1;
k—Reaction rate constant of pollutant in the system, d-1.
The equation (9.3-1) is the basic equation of hydraulic 0D model. With no other source and loss in the system, S=0, and the equation formula becomes:
Formula 1 becomes:
[pic]
Where Q is flow amount, m3 s-1.
After wastewater enters the river, pollutants are completely uniformly mixed on the section when inlet water from upper reach isn’t equal to zero. Pollutant indicator value no matter dissolved status, particle status or total concentration can be derived under node balance principle. The node balance principle includes node mass balance and water quantity balance i.e. the sum of inlet water quantity and mass of the node equal to the sum of outlet water quantity and mass of the node.
For point source, the dilution & mixing equation of river water and wastewater is:
[pic]
Where: C—water quality concentration of complete mixture (mg L-1);
Qp, Cp, —upper-reach inlet water quantity and quality concentration (m3 s-1, mg L-1);
Qe, Ce, —wastewater discharge flow amount and discharge concentration (m3 s-1, mg L-1).
Due to linear overlay of pollution source functions, the emission impact of more than one pollution source on node is equal to a sum of individual impacts of various pollution sources. This complies with the linear overlay relationship.
6.3.3.2 Predictions on the Result of Risk and Accident
1) Prediction on the Result of Risk and Accident in Winter
The wetland system of general trunk ditch annually discharges 424 million m3 water into Wuliangsuhai Lake, including 63.6 million m3 in winter, accounting for 15% of the total. In case of risk and accident, untreated wastewater is directly discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake through rubber dam, with discharge amount of 5 million m3, with CODCr concentration of 112.7mg/L, NH3-N concentration of 18.9mg/L, TN concentration of 21.6 mg/L and TP concentration of 3.86 mg/L(9.2-1). The water storage capacity of Wuliangsuhai Lake is 360 million m3, with CODCr concentration of 67.1mg/L, NH3-N concentration of 15.9mg/L, TN concentration of 19.9 mg/L, TP concentration of 0.77 mg/L (5.2-1). If the above-said values are used in the formula 9.3-3, the concentrations of CODCr, NH3-N, TN and TP are 67.7 mg/L, 15.94mg/L, 19.92 mg/L and 0.81 mg/L respectively. Obviously, leakage has no decisive impact upon the water quality of sea area.
2) Prediction on the Result of Risk and Accident in Summer
The wetland system of general trunk ditch annually discharges 424 million m3 water into Wuliangsuhai Lake including 2756 million m3 in summer, accounting for 65% of the total. In case of risk and accident, untreated wastewater is directly discharged into Wuliangsuhai Lake through rubber dam, with discharge amount of 10 million m3 with CODCr concentration of 73.2mg/L, NH3-N concentration of 8.82mg/L, TN concentration of 13.94 mg/L and TP concentration of 1.034 mg/L(9.2-1) . The water storage capacity of Wuliangsuhai Lake is 560 million m3, with CODCr concentration of 38.1mg/L, NH3-N concentration of 0.955mg/L, TN concentration of 2.83 mg/L, and TP concentration of 0.098 mg/L (5.2-1) . If the above-said values are used in the formula 9.3-3, the concentrations of CODCr, NH3, TN & TP are 38.4 mg/L, 1.06mg/L, 2.94 mg/L & 0.106 mg/L respectively. Obviously, leakage has no decisive impact upon the water quality of sea area.
7 Comparison, selection and analysis of alternatives
7.1 Content and principle of comparison, selection and analysis
Comparison, selection and analysis of alternatives of this project shall mainly be done by three aspects: (1) Comparison, selection and analysis of zero plan; (2) Comparison, selection and analysis on construction site of plant; (3) Comparison, selection and analysis on technical plans.
The general principles of comparison, selection and analysis of alternatives are:
← Quantized comparison and selection principles: As to each alternatives, the impact of project execution to environment shall be quantized to the greatest extent.
← Integrated comparison and selection principle: The integrated comparison and analysis shall be carried out from the aspects of environment, technology, economy, society, etc.;
← Consistency comparison and selection principle: The selected plan shall meet the related plan and standard requirements, and meet local conditions.
7.2 Comparison, selection and analysis on zero plan
(1) Plan 1: Integrated treatment plan of water environment.
(2) Plan 2: No action and no project plan.
Advantages and disadvantages of above two plans are shown in Table 7.2-1.
Table 7.2-1 Comparison on execution of project and no execution of project
|Advantages and |Plan 1 |Plan 2 |
|disadvantages | | |
|Advantages |1. Improve water environment, ecological |Maintain the water resource utilization current |
| |environment and investment environment of |situation, and waste water treatment current |
| |Bayannaoer City, improve living environment |situation and land utilization current situation |
| |quality of people, and promote the sustainable |of processing park, and avoid various impacts of |
| |development of Bayannaoer City; |construction period and operation period in plan |
| |2. Promote the improvement of waste water |1. |
| |treatment rate of Bayannaoer City, reach the | |
| |requirement of “notice on strengthening urban | |
| |water supply, water saving and water pollution | |
| |prevention and protection work”; improve water | |
| |environment quality of Wuliansu Lake, and protect| |
| |the water environment of Huanghe River; | |
| |3. Comprehensively dispatch and distribute the | |
| |water resource, improve the utilization rate of | |
| |water resource, and improve the investment | |
| |environment; | |
| |4. Meeting general planning requirement of | |
| |Bayannaoer City is one of the main measures to | |
| |control the water pollution; | |
| |5. Increase the investment of capital | |
| |construction, boost the demand of related | |
| |industry, provide more employment opportunities, | |
| |and promote the economic development; | |
| |6. Most responder common people support | |
| |construction of this project, and construction of| |
| |project meets the requirement of common people. | |
|Disadvantages |1. Minor dust, waste water, noise, and solid |1. With the industrial development of Bayannaoer |
| |waste, etc., generated during construction period|City, the wastewater quantity is increasing, a |
| |shall destroy the ground surface vegetation and |large number of wastewater without treatment shall|
| |incur soil erosion; it temporarily increases the |be directly discharged into the ground surface |
| |transport pressure and destroys the landscape of |water system, the pollution of water system shall |
| |construction site; |be worsened continually, and it shall impact the |
| |2. Water reclamation plant, waste water treatment|living quality of residents and sustainable |
| |plant and pump room, etc. permanently occupy part|development of economy. |
| |land, and change the utilization mode for such |2. The treatment rate of industrial wastewater is |
| |land. The pollutant as waste water, noise, |far below the environment protection requirement |
| |offensive odor and sludge, etc., during run of |of China, and this seriously restricts the |
| |intended project construction shall incur certain|economic development of Bayannaoer City; |
| |impact to environment in the circumference; |3. The groundwater is exploited greatly, the level|
| |2. Improve the treatment cost of water supply and|of groundwater is continually decreased, forming |
| |wastewater, increase the outlay of water |underground funnel. If this situation is continued|
| |consumption of enterprise; |for a long term, in the future there shall have no|
| | |water for exploitation, water environment quality |
| | |shall be further worsened, and this shall impact |
| | |the residential environment of residents in the |
| | |circumference of drainage area. |
| | |4. The worsening of water quality of water |
| | |environment of Wuliansu Lake is speeded up, |
| | |paludification process is speeded up, wetland |
| | |function disappears, and destruction speed of |
| | |ecological environment is speeded up, and this |
| | |threats the safety of water environment of Huanghe|
| | |River. |
| | |5. It does not meet the requirement of general |
| | |planning. |
According to table 7.2-1, after execution of plan 1, although it shall incur certain environmental impact during construction and operation of this project, these impacts are limited by time and space aspects, through various measures the impact can be eliminated or reduced to the greatest extent, and shall not incur unfavorable impact of large area to regional environment, furthermore, execution of plan 1 can change the current situation of pollution of water environment of Bayannaoer City, comprehensively dispatch and distribute the water resource, improve regional ecological environment, improve the living environment quality of people, promote the sustainable development of Bayannaoer City, and this also meets the requirement of vast common people. Thus plan 1 is deemed as reasonable during this appraisal.
7.3 Comparison, selection and analysis on alternatives of reclaimed water supply project
7.3.1Comparison, selection and analysis on restoration process of reclaimed water supply project
The process of reclaimed water is generally fairly matured.
Under precondition of ensuring quality of effluent water, following two water treatment process plans are selected to carry out comparison, selection and analysis thereof:
← Plan 1. General treatment process flow:
Raw water→ coagulating→ settling→ filtering→ sterilization
← Plan 2. Membrane treatment process flow:
Raw water→ micro pore filtering→ sterilization
According to process flow charts of two plans it can be seen that, the difference of two plans is that, the selection of main process is different. In plan 1 it adopts the three section treatment process of flocculation, settling, filtering, and sterilization, while in plan 2, it adopts the membrane technology. The following is comparison on difference of two processes.
7.3.1.1 Comparison on technology
The flocculation, settling and filtering process can ensure the supply of qualified treating water in the whole year, since the settling basin relieve the burden of filtering basin, even the water quality is worst in winter, the filtering basin can also be of normal run, the filtering period is over 10 hours, and the quality of treating water can reach the stated water quality requirement.
The process is also the main reclaimed water treatment process widely utilized in domestic and abroad, considering of low temperature of winter in local region, the treatment effects of flocculation, settling, filtering and sterilization (old three sections) are compared, and the details are shown in Table 7.3-1.
Table 7.3-1 Treatment efficiency of coagulating, settling and filtering
|Item |Treatment efficiency (％) |Effluent water quality |
| | |(mg/l) |
| |Coagulating and settling |Filtering |Add up | |
|Turbidity |50～60 |30～50 |70～80 |3～5NTU |
|SS |40～60 |40～60 |70～80 |5～10 |
|BOD5 |30～50 |25～50 |60～70 |5～10 |
|CODcr |25～35 |15～25 |35～45 |40～75 |
|Total nitrogen |5～15 |5～15 |10～20 |- |
|Total phosphorus |40～60 |30～40 |60～80 |0.5 |
|Fe |40～60 |40～60 |60～80 |0.3 |
In recent years, membrane technology (plan 2) application is wider and wider, and the membrane for water treatment contains following types osmosis membrane (RO), nanometer membrane (NF), ultrafiltration membrane (UF) and micro-filtration membrane (MF).
[pic]
Fig. 7.3-1 Sketch of membrane treatment technology
CMF membrane is one of the micro filtration membranes; it is the hollow fiber with outer diameter of 550μ and inner diameter of 300μ. The wall of hollow fiber is composed of multi-pore materials, the pore size is all below 0.2μ, and area of pore accounts for over 70% of fiber wall. The water without containing foreign substance can easily penetrate the CMF fiber wall, and it only needs the work pressure of 20kPa (2m water head). When the water containing foreign substance runs through the MF hollow fiber membrane from outside to inside, the particle over 0.2μ is 100% captured in the outer surface of membrane, and the one less than 0.2μ is also captured by different proportions, and its work pressure is between 40～100KPa.
During work of CMF membrane, the captured foreign substance particles shall gradually accumulate on the outer surface of hollow fiber, the pore is also gradually covered, the resistance over the water gradually rises. In order to timely eliminate the foreign substances captured, and reduce the resistance over the water, the hollow fiber needs to be timely back flushed by cleaned air. The work status and back flush status are shown in Fig. 7.3-2.
Water after filtration
Water before filtration Air
Captured foreign substance Eliminated foreign substance
Fig. 7.3-2 Work status and back flush status sketch
After each time back flush of air, the work pressure of membrane shall not completely restore to its original status, and work pressure shall gradually rise. The rising of this pressure is caused by the organic matter and scale formation attached on the membrane surface, when pressure rises to certain value, it needs to carry out chemical purge to surface of membrane, so as to eliminate the organic matter, Fe and calcium scaling.
The indicators as strong bacteria elimination, water quality perception, and hygiene, etc., of this process are superior to traditional process. Nevertheless, it has a lot of one time investment with fairly high run cost, and it shall basically not improve the indicators as soluble total solid, total hardness, total alkalinity, etc. Generally it is reused for residential quarters or pretreatment of reverse osmosis and it is the rising and new technology of China at present.
7.3.1.2 Comparison on economy
Economies of plan 1 and plan 2 are compared, details refer to table 7.3-2.
Table 7.3-2 Comparison on economies of plans
| process |Plan 1 |Plan 2 |
|Item | | |
|Total investment (ten thousand Yuan) |1573.13 |3883.61 |
|Total cost (ten thousand Yuan) |355 |654.6 |
|Unit treatment cost (Yuan/m³· water) |0.468 |0.897 |
|Operation cost (ten thousand Yuan) |275 |434.36 |
|Unit operation cost (Yuan/m³· water) |0.377 |0.595 |
|Power consumption (kwh/ m³· water) |0.19 |0.24 |
According to comparison on technology and economy as above mentioned, it is know that in plan 1 it has fairly good treatment effect, it can ensure the water quality of reclaimed water with a little higher investment, in plan 2 the treating water quality is good, but the investment and operation cost are both too high. According to requirement of effluent water of reclaimed water supply work of this project, mainly applying the process flow of plan 1 can meet the requirement. As above mentioned, the process flow of plan 1 is to adopt the process of coagulating, settling, filtering and sterilization as the main treatment of reclaimed water supply works. According to water consumption requirements of enterprises of the processing park, the reverse osmosis process unit may be added appropriately. This process is featured by stable and reliable treatment effect, appropriate investment and fairly low cost, and the process flow of this project finally determined is shown in 7.3-3.
Fig. 7.3-3 Sketch of reclaimed water treatment process
7.3.2 Comparison, selection and analysis on process plans of reclaimed water supply project
(1) Flocculation basin
Grid flocculation basin is the new type system developed in recent years with application of turbulent flow theory, its plane layout is similar to perforated swirling flow flocculation basin and is in series connected by multiple grids of vertical shafts. The flocculation basin is divided to square grids with same or similar areas. The flow sequence of influent water is from the first grid to the next one, and the flow is alternated from up to down opposite angles up to the outlet. In the grids accounting for 2/3 of the whole basin, the grid is setup via the vertical water flow direction, when it passes through the grid pore, the water current is narrowed, after passing through the mesh the water current is enlarged, constituting good flocculation condition, and thus it can decrease the addition quantity of flocculation reagent and shorten the flocculation time. The grid flocculation basin has good effect and little loss of water head, flocculation time is fairly short. The disadvantage is that, it has the sludge accumulated in the end basin bottom.
Bent plate flocculation basin is a new type and high efficiency flocculation facilities developed in 1980s. The bent plate flocculation basin is to adopt the bent plate placed in the flocculation basin, thus water current flows up and down between the bent plates in-series connection. Relying on the partial eddy flow generated by turning, narrowing and enlargement, the collision opportunity of particles in the water current is increased, thus the fairly even energy consumption can be obtained along the way, so as to constitute fairly ideal flocculation process. The bent plate flocculation basin has the high utilization efficiency of energy, and short flocculation time, nevertheless its availability to raw water with fairly great change of water quality and water quantity shall be fairly bad.
After comparison on advantages/disadvantages of above two basin types, the grid flocculation basin is finally selected as the design basin type of reclaimed water supply works of this project.
(2) Settling basin
Horizontal flow settling basin has fairly wide application, and is especially utilized in the water plant of urban area. The horizontal flow settling basin is the rectangular one, the upper part is settling area and the lower part is sludge area, the front area of basin is influent water area, and the rear part of the basin is the effluent water area, after coagulating, the raw water flows into the settling basin, and is then evenly distributed in the whole section of influent water area, it enters the settling area and slowly flows into the outlet area. The particle in the water settles in the basin bottom, the accumulated sludge is continually or periodically discharged outside the basin. It has the advantages of simple structure, shallow basin depth, convenient operation and maintenance, and strong adaptability to water quality and water quantity of raw water, low consumption of drug and energy, and convenience of sludge discharge, etc., in the big and middle level water plants it is widely utilized. The disadvantage is that, the land occupancy is too great.
The slope plate settling basin is the one developed on the basis of shallow basin theory. Various slope plates forming certain angle with horizontal plane are placed in the settling basin, the water flows from downward to upward, and the particles settle in the bottom of slope plate. When particles accumulated reach certain level, they shall automatically slide down. The advantage of slope plate settling basin is that, the settling efficiency is high, the volume is small, and the land occupancy area is small. The disadvantage is that, the anti-impact capacity is inferior to that of horizontal flow settling basin, with more material consumption and higher cost.
After comparison on advantages/disadvantages of above two basin types, the slope plate settling basin is finally selected as the design basin type of this project.
(3) Filtration basin
The four valves filtration basin is the traditional one of filtering process of water cleaning plant, till now it has over 100 years history, nevertheless it is also one of the basin types with widest application till now. Its characteristic is that, it has stable work status, good quality of effluent water, matured run experience, its operation is stable and reliable, and it adopts the programmable controller to realize the one-step operation; The shortcoming of the four valves filtration basin is that, the basin volume is fairly great, the back flush water consumption is fairly great with more inlet and outlet water valves and great work volume of maintenance. Adopting electrical valve can realize the one-step automatic operation, but it cannot finely adjust the openness of outlet water valve and control the filtering speed of filtration basin.
V type filtration basin is a new type one, and its advantage is that, the filtering period is long, the fairly coarse and thick filtering material layer has high utilization rate, the filtering speed is fairly high, and the water quality after filtering is good, with the utilization of air-water back wash, the back wash effect is good with minor water consumption. According to variation of water level of filtration basin, the openness of outlet water valve can be finely adjusted, so as to reach the purpose of controlling filtering speed of filtration basin. V filtration basin also has the advantages of good quality of effluent water and fairly small volume of filtration basin. Its shortcoming is that, it has fairly high automatic control requirement, with more back wash equipments and fairly higher cost.
After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of above two basin types, finally the V type filtration basin is selected for this design of this project.
7.3.3 Selection of sterilization mode
The microorganisms in the water are mostly attached on the suspended particles, after treatment of coagulating, settling and filtering, the bacteria and virus in the water can be greatly eliminated. Nevertheless, in order to ensure the bacteriology indicator of drinking water, the sterilization process is necessary.
The sterilization treatment of water is usually the last work sequence of drinking water treatment. The purpose of sterilization is to eliminate the hazard pathogenic microbe (pathogenic bacteria, virus, etc.) in the water, and prevent from the hazard of waterborne infection. It consists of chemical method and physical method, the chemical method is to add chemical agent in the water, such as chlorine, ozone, heavy metal and other oxidizing agent, etc. The physical method is to carry out heating sterilization and ultraviolet ray sterilization, etc., instead of adding drug agent in the water. The comparison on properties of various disinfectants is shown in Table 7.3-3.
Table 7.3-3 Comparison on property of disinfectant
|Disinfectant |Chlorine, and |Chloramines |chlorine dioxide |Ozone |Ultraviolet |
|Property |bleaching powder | | | |radiation |
|Sterilization and |Excellent |Middle level, |Excellent |Excellent |Good |
|bacteria elimination| |inferior to | | | |
| | |chlorine | | | |
|Germ elimination |Excellent |Bad |Excellent |Excellent |Good |
|Inactivation effect |3rd level |4th level |2nd level |1st level | |
|of microorganism | | | | | |
|Residual |Some |The residual |It has longer |No, it needs to be added by |No, it needs to be |
|sterilization effect| |chlorine quantity |residual |chlorine |added by chlorine |
|in the water | |can be kept for a |sterilization time| | |
|distribution pipe | |fairly long term |than chlorine | | |
|network | | | | | |
|Generation of |It can be |not probably |not probably |not probably |not probably |
|byproduct THM |generated | | | | |
|Situation of |Wide application |With minor |With minor |With minor application |With minor |
|domestic application| |application |application | |application |
|Appropriate |Most water plants|When it has a lot |It is appropriate |The water treatment cost is |In the pipeline it |
|condition |adopt chlorine |of organic |for organic |high, and it is appropriate |does not have |
| |sterilization, |substances in the |substance, for |for the serious pollution of |continual |
| |and bleaching |raw water, and the|example, when the |organic substance. Since it |sterilization |
| |powder is only |water supply |phenol pollution |does not have continual |effect. It is |
| |applicable to |pipeline is fairly|is serious, it |sterilization effect, in the |appropriate for |
| |small water |long, it is |shall be prepared |water of inlet pipe network, |water treatment of |
| |plant. |appropriate to |at site, and |minor chlorine shall be added|centralized users |
| | |adopt chloramines |directly utilized.|for sterilization. |as industrial and |
| | |sterilization. | | |mining enterprises,|
| | | | | |etc. |
According to above comparison and analysis, and considering of economy, practicality and environmental impact, etc., the reclaimed water supply works of this project adopt the chlorine dioxide for sterilization.
7.3.4 Comparison and selection on sludge treatment plans of reclaimed water supply works
1) Selection on thickening and dewatering of sludge
Solid content of discharged sludge water of the settling basin of water plant is usually only 0.2～1.0%, the sludge volume shall be reduced after thickening thereof, and then the thickened sludge shall be sent to subsequent process to carry out dewatering of sludge. Usually it is required that solid content of thickened sludge shall be over 3%, so as to meet the requirement of the dehydrator for high efficiency dewatering of sludge.
The general sludge thickening and dewatering contains two modes of gravity thickening/mechanical thickening, and mechanical thickening/ mechanical hydration. The gravity thickening is essentially a settling process and belongs to compression settling. Prior to thickening, concentration of sludge is fairly high with mutual contact and support among the particles. After thickening process is started, under the gravity effect of the particles of upper layer, the water in the clearance of the particles of lower layer is extruded from the interface, and congestion of particles is closer. Through the congestion and compression process, the concentration of sludge is further improved, so as to realize the sludge thickening. The advantage of the gravity thickening and mechanical dewatering mode is that, the thickening basin greatly reduces the volume of the sludge in need of hydration, and effectively decreases the number of dehydrators, the equipment investment is greatly saved, the power consumption is lowered, the concentration of dehydrated sludge is fairly even, and dehydrator operation is stable. Its shortcoming is that, it needs to build up the thickening basin, the civil cost is fairly high, and land occupancy area is fairly great. While the mechanical thickening and mechanical dewatering mode is just the other way, the thickening basin can be cancelled to save the land utilization area, reduce civil cost, nevertheless, since the sludge number in need of dewatering is great with low and uneven concentrations, the treatment capacities of thickening and dewatering equipments are decreased, the number is increased, and thus the equipment cost is greatly increased, with increase of power consumption, and the solid content of the sludge cake is not stable.
As above mentioned, the technology of gravity thickening and mechanical dewatering is superior to mechanical thickening and mechanical dewatering mode. Civil cost of gravity thickening and mechanical dewatering is fairly high but equipment cost fairly low, its total cost is lower than that of the mechanical thickening and mechanical dewatering, although gravity thickening increases the land occupancy area, in this project the high concentration thickening basin is adopted to improve the effective settling area of the thickening basin, this saves the land utilization without additional requisition of land. In this project, it intends to adopt the gravity thickening and mechanical dewatering mode to carry out thickening and dewatering treatment of sludge.
2) Basic structure and characteristic of sludge dewatering equipment
At present it mainly adopts three types of sludge dewatering machines as plate-and-frame press filter, centrifugal dehydrator and Band type press filter. The basic characteristics of three types of sludge dewatering equipments are respectively briefed as below:
a. Plate-and-frame press filter
Plate-and-frame press filter is the pressurization and filtering equipment of clearance operation and is widely utilized in the sectors of sugar making, pharmacy, chemical industry, dyeing, metallurgy, coal washing, food and water treatment, the solid and liquid are separated via the filtering mode, and this is a large/middle separator with fairly wide adaptability for materials.
Box type press filter has fairly low requirement to solid content of the incoming sludge, and 2%-3% shall usually be appropriate, while the solid content of outgoing sludge is higher than that of band type press filter and centrifugal dehydrator, the run process is the intermittent process of periodic operation of pump-in, pressing and filtering of sludge, and elimination of sludge. Its shortcoming is that, the continual operation is not available, according to blocking situation of filtering board, the filter cloth needs to be washed by one time after certain run period, the filtering board or rubber diaphragm are easy of damage and need to be frequently replaced, and the equipment volume is large with high price.
b. Centrifugal dehydrator
Horizontal spiral sludge dehydrator is a complete set of unit consisting of principal machine and auxiliaries. The unit is full closeness structure without leakage and is available for continual run of 24 hours, its main structure characteristic is that, it adopts fairly large length-to-diameter factor to extend the staying time of material and improve the elimination rate of solid substance. It adopts the exclusive spiral structure to reinforce the extrusion strength of spire upon the sludge cake, and improve the solid content of solid cake. It adopts the advanced dynamic balance technology to reduce the vibration; it adopts the unique differential rotation speed regulation technology to increase the discharge torsion moment of spire and load capacity.
The centrifugal equipment has high efficiency, small land occupancy, the environment of machine room is clean, the complete set of unit adopts the advanced automatic integration and control technology, the rotation speed and differential rotation speed are stepless and adjustable. It has the safety protection and automatic alarm devices, and its run is stable and reliable. The main shortcoming is that, the noise is great, power consumption is high, the rotation blade, etc., has high requirement of wearing resistance, the requirement for quality of manufacturing material and processing accuracy is rigid, and the price is expensive.
c. Band type press filter
Band type press filter is a high efficiency solid and liquid separation equipment, and its theory is that, the sludge after flocculation is repeatedly extruded and compressed through the varied-direction bend between the roller systems, and tension effect of filter band, shear force is generated accordingly and thus there is a relative displacement for the sludge particles, and the free water and capillary water in the sludge are separated to obtain the sludge cake with fairly high solid content, so as to realize the dewatering of sludge. Its characteristic is that, it has high dewatering efficiency, great treatment capacity, continual filtering, stable property, simple operation, small volume, and small area of land occupancy.
The treatment capacity of band press filter is determined by the band speed and filter band tension of dehydrator, and dewatering property of sludge, while the band speed tension is also determined by the dehydrating effect required. Its disadvantage is that, when the incoming sludge quantity is too great, or solid load is too high, it shall lower the dehydrating effect. The homemade band dehydrator usually has fairly small treatment capacity, sludge solid load is only 150～250kg/m·h, and treatment capacity of imported high quality band dehydrator can be up to 250～400kg/m·h.
3) Type selection of sludge dewatering equipment
The above three sludge dehydrators have their own advantages and disadvantages, during type selection it shall combine with project scale, site condition, management level, and capital condition, etc., and mainly take into account the reliability of equipment run, automatic degree of system, dehydrating effect of sludge, building investment and treatment cost, etc., for reasonable selection of equipment type.
Comparison on property of several common dehydrators is shown in Table 7.3-4.
Table 7.3-4 Comparison on properties of general dehydrators
|Model |Plate-and-frame press filter |Band type press filter |centrifugal dehydrator |
|Item | | | |
|Dehydrating theory |Pressure filtering |Gravity filtering and pressurized|Solid and liquid separation is |
| | |filtering |caused by centrifugal force |
|Work status |Intermittent |Continual type |Continual type |
|Adjustment method |Regulate the pressurization time and |Regulate the tension of filter |Regulate the rotating drum and |
| |pressure size |cloth and travel speed, as well |spiral conveyor rotation speed |
| | |as the sludge layer thickness |difference, and regulate the |
| | |entering pressure area. |depth of liquid ring. |
|Difficulty of |It is fairly complicated (the filter |It is fairly convenient (the |It is convenient (the blade of |
|management |cloth shall be replaced periodically) |filter cloth shall be |spiral conveyor is easy of |
| | |periodically replaced) |wearing) |
|Environment and |The hygienic condition is relatively bad|Open type, and hygienic condition|The full closeness hygienic |
|hygiene condition | |is bad |condition is good |
|Noise |Small |Small |Large (since the rotation speed|
| | | |is high) |
|Land occupancy area|Since its own volume is large with a lot|Compared with plate-and-frame |Equipment is compact, and land |
|and civil |of auxiliaries, it has large area of |press filter, the land occupancy |occupancy area is small |
|requirement |land occupancy, and the civil |area is fairly small | |
| |requirement is high. | | |
|Auxiliary equipment|Air compressor system, filter cloth |Air compressor system, filter |It does not need the |
| |flush high pressure flushing pump system|cloth flush high pressure |auxiliaries |
| | |flushing pump system | |
|Automatic degree |It has certain difficulty to realize |It has certain difficulty to |It is easy to realize full |
| |full automatization |realize automatization |automatization |
|Solid content of |30%-35% |About 20% |About 25% |
|sludge cake | | | |
|Solid content of |Small (only about 0.02%) |High (＞0.05%) |Fairly high (about 0.05%) |
|filtered liquor | | | |
|Stability of sludge|Good |Fairly bad |Fairly good |
|cake | | | |
|Energy consumption |20-40 |10-25 |30-60 (fairly high) |
|(kwh/tDS) | | | |
|flocculating agent |20%～30%CaO/SS |Polyelectrolyte 3～4kg/tDS |Polyelectrolyte 2～3kg/tDS |
|consumption | | | |
The efficiency of sludge dewatering is directly related to selection of dehydrating equipment, etc., the detailed selection of dehydrator type shall be reasonably made after generally analyzing and determining the factors of technology, economy, environment and management, etc., according to characteristics of sludge and site condition.
The result of comparison and analysis on part configuration of dehydrator equipment, solid content requirement of incoming sludge, solid content concentration of dehydrated sludge, run status, operation environment, land occupancy of dehydrator, flush water quantity, and replacement of wearing parts during actual run of equipment, etc., shows that the discharged sludge of water plant has the characteristics of relatively low solid content of compressed and dense sludge, and fairly fine particle size of sludge, etc., among three machine types, price for plate and frame machine is highest, and in turn is centrifugal dehydrator and band dehydrator. According to treatment situation of sludge of water plant of China at present, and due to the consideration of economic power of Bayannaoer City, band dehydrator is herein recommended.
7.3.5 Comparison and selection of pipe material
Selection of pipe material has great impact to water supply quality, project cost and water supply safety, thus it is very critical to select the pipe material, hereinafter is the comparison on characteristics and properties of various pipe materials.
At present, the transportation and distribution water pipes generally utilized in domestic and abroad mainly consist of steel pipe (SP), ductile iron pipe(DIP), glass-reinforced plastic pipe(RPMP), prestressed steel concrete pipe(PCP), prestressed concrete cylinder pipe(PCCP), etc. Various pipe materials have different characteristics:
(1) spiral-seam submerged-arc steel pipe (SP)
SP has fairly good mechanical strength, and has great advantage in the aspects of anti-bend, anti-tension, toughness, impact resistance, and anti-vibration, etc., and can withstand the fairly high internal pressure and appropriate external pressure. According to operation requirement it can be machined to different sizes, different bores and different wall thicknesses, the joint forms are diversified, the holding and jointing are convenient with great flexibility, and the construction is easy. Nevertheless, its inner wall is easy of incurring scaling and impacts the water quality. The internal insulation must be done well, such as cement liner. The biggest shortcoming of SP is its bad anti-corrosion property, if the internal and external insulation and electrochemistry protection is not perfect, the service life shall be fairly short (20 years). The toughness of steel pipe is fairly great, at present, after general cement coating and lining, the n value of roughness coefficient is usually considered as 0.013 (manning formula) for design.
SP pipe has good mechanical strength and is available for machining, thus it has great advantage when the geological condition is bad and when passing through obstacles, and it is especially used for sunken pipe, pipe bridge (crossing over river) and jacking of pipe (crossing over the road).
(2) Ductile iron pipe(DIP)
Raw material of DIP is also pig iron with carbon constituent of 3.5-4.0%. Through spheroidization and annealing treatment after molding of pipe casting, the stable and even fine texture is obtained with fairly high specific elongation. According to standard of ISO2531, its specific elongation, tensile strength and water pressure test, etc., are all equivalent to steel pipe, and its anticorrosion is superior to that of steel pipe. The burying service life can be up to 50 years. DIP wall thickness is fairly thin and is only about 55% of that of the grey cast iron pipe. Inner wall is coated and sealed by cement. The roughness coefficient n is considered as 0.013(manning formula) for this design. At present, the diameter of DIP pipe produced in domestic is DN100～2600, it adopts the T form slide-in interface with water stop rubber ring, in general foundation condition the base shall not be treated, the mechanical and machining property is good, it can be welded, cut and bored.
(3) glass-reinforced plastic pipe(RPMP)
RPMP is a composite material pipe consisting of unsaturated polyester resin, glass fiber and quartz sand filler. The pipe wall is divided to external protection layer, reinforced layer, structure layer and liner layer according to different roles. The mechanical strength can be sorted according to design requirement, and its nominal rigidity is 2500～20000N/m2 and work pressure 0.4～2.5MPa. RPMP has small specific gravity (only 1700～2200kg/m3) since the weight is light it is relatively convenient for transportation and construction. The layer of inner wall contacting with water is polyester resin, it has fairly small roughness, and n value is 0.0095～0.01 for this design. Thus it can greatly lower the loss of water head and is not easy of scaling and corrosion, it has no impact to water quality, and has no need of internal and external insulation treatment. According to introduction, its service life shall be over 50 years. Joint of RPMP is usually socket connected or sleeve connected, with rubber ring or reversely grouted by rubber for water-stop, it is not easy of incurring water leakage and pipe explosion. Since the weight is light, it is more in favor of pipe laying and installation, in most foundation condition, it has no need to make base, and it is one of the ideal pipe materials for long distance water transportation.
RPMP consists of two processes of short fiber outer formwork centrifugal manufacturing and long fiber inner formwork winding manufacturing, the rigidity of the previous one is superior to the latter one, while the uneven settling resistance of the latter is superior to the previous one. Both of them can meet the general operation requirement of rigidity and withstanding of internal pressure, while the uneven settling of pipe foundation is usually one of the main causes of pipe accident, at present, the long fiber inner formwork winding manufacturing of RMPM has more utilization in domestic.
(4) Prestressed steel concrete pipe(PCP)
PCP is composed of longitudinal and loop prestressed steel wire (reinforcement) and coagulating earth, and its wall thickness is usually fairly large. Although its mechanical strength is inferior to SP, it can withstand fairly great internal pressure, at present, the common internal work pressure is below 1.0MPa, during ex-factory test, the external pressure (bending) can be over 1000MPa. PCP has best anticorrosion property without internal and external insulation, the service life is long and can be over 50 years. According to report, the PCP with good manufacturing shall seldom have the phenomenon of pipe explosion; hydraulic roughness of PCP is relatively small, at present the designed flow speed coefficient C is 130 (Hazen-Williams formula). In addition to corrosion resistance, the pipe is also not easy of incurring scaling, and has no impact to water quality. The joint usually adopts the socket connected type, with rubber ring water stop and convenient pipe laying, nevertheless weight of PCP is great and not in favor of transportation and hoisting. Under general foundation condition it may not be set by base.
PCP pipe price is fairly cheap, when the pipe diameter is less than or equivalent to DN1000 and pipe work pressure less than 0.5MPa, it is an available pipe material.
(6) Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP)
PCCP manufacturing is similar to PCP, and its difference is that, it adopts the integrated steel sleeve (fairly thin) to substitute the longitudinal prestressed reinforcement of PCP, thus it has better watertightness and is mostly of pipe of large diameter, such as DN1400-DN4000; usually the wall thickness is fairly large, as above mentioned, the wall thickness is respectively 100 and 270mm. the large diameter PCCP adopts the double rubber ring for water stop, and this is greatly in favor of water pump test. Other physical and chemical characteristics and construction requirements of PCCP are similar to that of PCP.
Price of PCCP pipe is fairly cheap, with simple laying at site. It is a pipe material with fairly good application for large diameter pressure water transportation pipe works.
According to characteristics, anticorrosion and construction conditions, etc., of above pipes, safety and reliability of water supply, water transmission pipe diameter and laying condition for this project, the comparison on property of spiral-seam submerged-arc steel pipe (SP), ductile iron pipe(DIP), glass-reinforced plastic pipe(RPMP) and prestressed concrete cylinder pipe are shown in Table 7.3-5.
Table 7.3-5 Comparison on properties of various pipe materials
| Item |spiral-seam |Centrifugal ductile |Prestressed concrete cylinder|Fiberglass |
|Pipe material |submerged-arc steel |iron pipe |pipe |reinforced plastics |
| |pipe | | |sand pipe |
|Water stop property |Good |Good |Good |Good |
|Construction site |Small |Large |Fairly large |Larger |
|Quality guarantee |Good |Good |Good |Fairly good |
|Construction progress |Fast |Slow |Fairly fast |Fairly fast |
|Acceptance test |Easy |Easy |Easy |Fairly easy |
|Service life |Long |Long |Long |Long |
|Friction resistance |Fairly small |Fairly small |Fairly small |Small |
|coefficient | | | | |
|Pipe material |Convenient |Difficult |Fairly difficult |Convenient |
|transportation | | | | |
According to comparison and selection on properties and prices as above mentioned, the centrifugal ductile iron pipe has the highest integrated cost, and in turn is the spiral-seam submerged-arc steel pipe, and price of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe and glass reinforced plastics sand pipe is cheapest. Considering of the safety and reliability of water supply main pipe, ductile ion pipe is recommended for use.
7.3.6 Comparison, selection and analysis on plant site plan of reclaimed water supply plant
Requirement and basic principle of plant site selection
← It shall to the greatest extent meet the requirement of near term planning and development of the zone.
← It shall to the greatest extent shorten the distance between the intake pump room and water supply area, thus the water supply layout is reasonable, this is in favor of saving investment, lowering energy consumption and improving economic benefit.
← It has fairly good waste water discharge condition and meets the environmental protection and ecological balance requirement.
← It has good engineering geological condition with minor relocation and does not occupy or occupy less farmland.
← On the basis of convenience of construction and production, it shall to the greatest extent take into account the convenience of work and living of employee.
← It is near to external power supply and this is in favor of saving the cost of external power supply line.
7.3.6.1 Reclaimed water supply works of processing park of Wulatehouqi County
According to industrial development and industrial water supply planning of processing park of Wulatehouqi County, at present there are two locations for selection of reclaimed water supply plant, and general situation of two plant sites are described as below:
(1) Near the pile No. 1800 of water transmission pipeline from general drainage canal to processing park (Plant site 1)
The plant site is about 3km away from the processing park, in the circumference it is all waste land, thus it shall not occupy the basic farmland, the landform is smooth, and the relief condition is fairly simple. At the side of the selected plant site is a road with convenient transportation condition.
(2) South east side of processing park (Plant site 2)
The plant site is located in the south east side of processing park, and is closely adjacent to the planned wastewater treatment works of the processing park of Wulatehouqi County, and is the planned land of wastewater treatment of the processing park, the landform is fairly smooth, relief condition is fairly simple, it is closely adjacent to processing park with convenient transportation condition.
Two plant sites are analyzed by factors of technology, economy and environment, etc.
Table 7.3-6 Comparison on advantage/disadvantage of intended plant sites
|advantage/disadvantage Plant |Advantage |Disadvantage |
|site plan | | |
|Plant site 1 |①It is fairly near to water intake point, and the |①It is far away from the processing |
| |turbid water transmission pipeline is short; ②The site |park, and the water distribution |
| |is open and can meet the requirement of extension of |pipeline is long; ②It is fairly far |
| |water plant in the future; ③ The transportation is |away from the power plant, |
| |fairly convenient. |transmission and distribution line is |
| | |long and cost is high; ③In the |
| | |circumference there is no water |
| | |channel and water ditch nearby, and |
| | |this is not in favor of discharge of |
| | |waste water of plant site. |
|Plant site 2 |①The site is open without obstacle or relocation; ②It |①Its distance apart from intake point |
| |is closely adjacent to planned road with convenient |is farther than that of plant site 1, |
| |transportation; ③It is closely adjacent to processing |and turbid water transmission pipeline|
| |park, and the water distribution pipeline is short; ④It|is long. |
| |is closely adjacent to planned wastewater treatment | |
| |plant, and this is in favor of discharge and treatment | |
| |of waste water of plant area; ⑤It is fairly nearer to | |
| |substation, transmission and distribution line is | |
| |short, and this saves the investment. | |
According to comparison on plant site 1 and plant site 2, it can be seen that advantage of plant site 2 is apparent, and the selection of plant site of this project is located in the south east side of processing area, and is in the side of the planned wastewater treatment plant.
7.3.6.2 Reclaimed water supply works of 3rd Drainage Canal
Whether selection of water plant site is proper involves the reasonableness of the whole water supply system, and shall directly impact the project investment, construction period, operation and maintenance, etc.
According to site survey, the plant site of water reclamation plant of 3rd Drainage Canal is located in the downstream of the wastewater treatment plant of 3rd Drainage Canal and is adjacent to 3rd Drainage Canal. It is 800mm away from Shan-Qing Highway. The plant site has following apparent advantages:
← The water quantity can be guaranteed, plant site does not suffer the threat of flood, rainwater discharge inside the plant area is smooth. Plant site is closely adjacent to 3rd Drainage Canal and can contain the tail water of wastewater treatment plant of 3rd Drainage Canal, water quantity of water reclamation plant can be guaranteed, it is close to industrial zone, and this is in favor of containing water for pipe network of reclaimed water.
← The land utilization condition is good, the intended plant site is open and is appropriate for long term development.
← The engineering geological condition is good.
← The hygienic and environment condition is fairly good and is in favor of set up protection and prevention area. The planning in the circumference is mainly of greening work, and it is forbidden to build up the project with fairly great pollution.
← It does not occupy the good farm land, the land utilization is basically of waste land, land requisition and foundation treatment cost is relatively low, and it also meets the national policies.
The transportation is convenient, and construction, run and maintenance are convenient.
7.3.6.3 Reclaimed water supply works of 7th Drainage Canal
According to site survey, in this feasibility research report, the site of water reclamation plant of 7th Drainage Canal is located in the downstream of wastewater treatment plant of Wuyuan County and is adjacent to 7th Drainage Canal. The plant site has the following apparent advantages:
← Water quantity can be guaranteed, the plant site does not suffer the threat of flood. Plant site is closely adjacent to 7th Drainage Canal and can quickly contain the tail water of wastewater treatment plant of Wuyuan County, water quantity of water reclamation plant can be guaranteed,
← The land utilization condition is good, the intended plant site is open and is appropriate for long term development.
← The engineering geological condition is good.
← The hygienic and environment condition is fairly good and is in favor of set up protection and prevention area. The planning in the circumference is mainly of greening work, and it is forbidden to build up the project with fairly great pollution.
← It does not occupy the farm land, the land utilization is basically of waste land, land requisition and foundation treatment cost is relatively low, and it also meets the national policies.
← The transportation is convenient, and construction, run and maintenance are convenient.
Thus in the environmental appraisal report, it is deemed as the better selection of plant site for water reclamation plant of 7th Drainage Canal.
7.3.6.4 Reclaimed water supply works of processing park of Ganqimaodu port
According to industrial development and industrial water supply planning of processing park of Ganqimaodu port, at present there are two locations for selection of reclaimed water supply plant, and general situation of two plant sites are described as below:
(1) Near Wangba reservoir (Plant site 1 )
The plant site is about 14km away from the processing park, in the circumference it is all waste land, thus it shall not occupy the basic farmland, the landform is smooth, and the relief condition is fairly simple. At the side of the selected plant site is a road with convenient transportation condition.
(2) Within the processing park (Plant site 2)
The plant site is located in the south east side of processing park, and is closely adjacent to the planned wastewater treatment and reuse works of the processing park of Ganqimaodu Port, the landform is fairly smooth, relief condition is fairly simple, it is closely adjacent to processing park with convenient transportation condition.
Two plant sites are analyzed by factors of technology, economy and environment, etc. as below:
Table 7.3-7 Comparison on advantage/disadvantage of intended plant sites
|Advantage/disadvantage Plant |Advantage |Disadvantage |
|site plan | | |
|Plant site 1 |①It is fairly near to water intake point, and the |①It is far away from the processing |
| |turbid water transmission pipeline is short; ②The site |park, and the water distribution |
| |is open and can meet the requirement of extension of |pipeline is long. |
| |water plant in the future; ③ The transportation is | |
| |fairly convenient; ④There are a lot of waste lands in | |
| |the circumference, and this is in favor of building up | |
| |evaporation pond and lower the cost thereof. | |
|Plant site 2 |①It is closely adjacent to processing park, and the |①Its distance apart from intake point |
| |water distribution pipeline is short; ②It is closely |is farther than that of plant site 1, |
| |adjacent to planned wastewater treatment plant, and |and turbid water transmission pipeline|
| |this is in favor of discharge and treatment of waste |is long.②The land requisition cost is |
| |water of plant area. |more than that of plant site 1. |
As above mentioned, when compared with plant site 2, the advantage of plant site 1 is apparent, and the plant site of the project is located in the circumference of Wangba reservoir.
7.4 Comparison, selection and analysis on alternatives of wastewater treatment and reuse item
7.4.1Comparison and selection on wastewater treatment process plan
According to feasibility research report, the discharge of effluent water of wastewater treatment plant conforms to A standard of grade 1 of “pollutant discharge standard of wastewater treatment plant of urban area”, after grade2 treatment of the wastewater, it needs to be further treated to meet the discharge standard of standard A of grade 1. Effluent water quality indicator of wastewater treatment plant is compared with indicator of reclaimed water, and effluent water after further treatment can meet the reuse standard of reclaimed water.
7.4.1.1 Comparison and selection on grade 2 biological treatment process
According to the predicted influent water quality of wastewater treatment plant of this project in feasibility research report, and the discharge standard requirement of effluent water, in this project it adopts the grade2 biological treatment process with functions of eliminating organic pollutant and suspended solid, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus elimination.
According to development of wastewater treatment technology in abroad and abroad, the various processes of A2O process, oxidation ditch process, and SBR process, etc., not only have the function of eliminating organic pollutant, but also have different nitrogen elimination effect. In the “urban wastewater treatment and pollution protection and prevention technical policy” printed and issued by construction ministry, national administration of environmental protection, and science and technology ministry, it is recommended that A2O process, oxidation ditch process, and SBR process shall be used for grade2 biological treatment process aiming at wastewater treatment plant with scale of wastewater quantity below 100000m³/d.
According to various technical properties of processes, construction scale of this project, influent water characteristics, treatment requirement and local situation, in this appraisal it intends to select the SBR series CAST process and composite A/A/O process as the comparison and selection plan for wastewater grade 2 treatment of this project.
(1) CAST process (Plan 1)
Periodic circle type activated sludge method (CAST process) is a transformation of intermittent activated sludge method. The biological degradation and sludge water separation processes are completed in one or multiple ponds with parallel run and variable reaction volume. Thus in this process it does not need to set the separate settling basin. In this system, activated sludge is continually repeated by “aeration—non-aeration”. In the stage of aeration it is mainly to complete the biological degeneration process, in the non-aeration stage, although it has part biological effect, it is mainly to complete the sludge water separation process. In circulated activated sludge method process, the treatment process is completed as per sequence of “water filling— discharge” and “aeration—non-aeration”, it belongs to sequencing batch activated sludge method.
Each operation circulation of this process is composed of influent water/aeration stage, settling stage, decantion stage and idle stage, each state constitutes a circulation and is continually repeated. When the circulation is started, the incoming of wastewater enables the water level in the pond start to rise from the lowest level. After some time’s aeration and mixing, the system stops the aeration so that the activated sludge in the reactor carries out flocculation settling, and activated sludge shall settle in the static environment. After completion of settling stage, the supernatant at the upper part of the pond is discharged outside the system by decanter, at the same time the level shall drop to initial depth. Then the system shall repeat the above processes.
Main advantages of CAST process:
← The process is advanced and simple; the treatment building structure is small and equipment number is small. Compared with A/A/O process it does not have secondary settling basin, the SBR process sludge adopting delay aeration is relatively aerobic and stable, and has no need to carry out treatment of anaerobic digestion, thus it has no need to set up building structures of anaerobic digestion system for sludge, etc., the operation management is convenient; it has very high phosphorus and nitrogen elimination effect, the process run is stable, and effluent water quality is good.
← It does not have expansion of sludge, and growth of filamentous bacteria can be restricted.
← It has the double advantage of complete mixing type and plug flow aeration basin, and can bear the fairly great impact load of water quantity and water quality change, and the treatment effect is stable.
← The output of wastewater is small, the sludge can be gradually aerobic and stable, the number of wastewater treatment building structure is small, and the sludge only needs to be thickened and dehydrated.
Main disadvantage of CAST process:
← In the periodic circular activated sludge method, the reaction basin has fairly high requirement of automatic control, and high requirement of reliability of equipment.
← The run effect in the low temperature is not stable.
← Idle rate of equipment is high.
(2) A/A/O process (Plan 2)
A/A/O process is anaerobe—oxygen deficient—aerobic activated sludge method. In front of aerobic area it is designed by oxygen deficient area and anaerobe area which shall respectively realize the denitrification nitrogen elimination and phosphorus elimination function. When the wastewater passes through three different function areas, under the effect of different microorganism bacteria group, the pollutants in the wastewater as organic substance, nitrogen and phosphorus, etc., are eliminated.
When it has sufficient sludge age condition, BOD5 in the wastewater shall at first be degenerated in the aerobic basin, and at the same time the nitration is completed, the wastewater after nitration is lifted by reflux pump into the oxygen deficient basin to carry out denitrification and nitrogen elimination. Through the effect of backflow sludge for greatly absorbing phosphorus, the element of phosphorus is eliminate. The integral process includes following processes:
Assimilation process, some part of ammonia and nitrogen in the wastewater are assimilated into new cell substance, and eliminated via the form of residual sludge. The assimilation works is the process to eliminate the organic substance, and some part of nitrogen can be eliminated even there is no specific biological nitrogen elimination measure.
Nitration process; The nitrifying bacteria shall oxidize the ammonia and nitrogen in the wastewater into nitrate nitrogen.
Denitrification process, in the oxygen deficient environment and with participation of denitrify bacteria, the nitrate is deoxidized to nitrogen and emitted to atmosphere. The nitrogen effect of denitrification design is determined by the reflux ratio of activated sludge, usually 100%～150% can meet the requirement.
At the same time under the anaerobic condition, the phosphorous accumulating bacteria in the sludge is activated to release the phosphate in its body, so as to generate the energy to absorb the organic substance which can be quickly degenerated, and then it shall be converted to PHB for storage. After entering the aerobic area and when the oxygen is sufficient, the phosphorous accumulating bacteria consumes the PHB stored in its body to generate the energy, which shall be used for cell synthesis and phosphorus absorption, the sludge containing high concentration of phosphorus is generated, and shall be discharged outside the system together with the residual sludge, so as to reach the purpose of biological elimination of phosphorus.
Since the treatment of wastewater is mainly of industrial waste water, it has bad biological and chemical treatment ability, sometimes it may have the deficiency of carbon and nitrogen source and has great impact load. During early stage the water quantity is small, water quality is low, according to local climate condition and on the basis of A/A/O, part filler and chemical auxiliaries are added to meet the high treatment effect, stable and low energy consumption status under different conditions.
(3) Comprehensive comparison
For the convenience of comparison on two plans, it is compared and analyzed by two aspects as technology and economy, details refer to Table 7.4-1.
Table 7.4-1 Integrated comparison on technology and economy
|S/N |Comparison on items |CAST process |A/A/O process (Plan 2) |
| | |(Plan 1) | |
|Economic indicators |Total investment of project (ten thousand Yuan) |13782 |13492 |
| |Employment fixed number (person) |32 |32 |
| |Tonnage water and power consumption (KWH/m³) |0.39 |0.37 |
| |Land occupation (hectare) |11 |11 |
| |Annual production cost (ten thousand Yuan) |1690 |1654 |
| |Production cost (Yuan/ m³) |1.83 |1.79 |
| |Annual operation cost (ten thousand Yuan) |937 |917 |
| |Unit water quantity production cost (Yuan/ m³) |1.01 |0.99 |
|Technical indicator |Process flow |Simple |Simple |
| |Treatment effect |Stable |Stable |
| |Effluent water quality |Good |Good |
| |Phosphorus and nitrogen elimination effect |Good |Good |
| |Impact load resistance capacity |Strong |Strong |
| |Operation management |Fairly complicated |Simple |
| |Requirement to technical level of operation |Fairly high |Fairly low |
| |personnel | | |
| |Building structure |Small |More |
| |Machine and equipment |Fairly small |Fairly small |
According to above analysis it is know that, two processes can both meet the effluent water quality requirement of wastewater treatment plant, nevertheless, A/A/O process has strong impact load resistance capacity, adapts to cold climate of project area, and has low technical requirement to operation personnel, furthermore, when compared with CAST process, A/A/O process has lower total investment of project, and lower annual operation cost and annual run cost, etc., thus in this project, it is recommended that A/A/O process of plan 2 is utilized for each wastewater treatment works of processing park.
7.4.1.2 Comparison and selection on plans of reclaimed water treatment process
In this project, the wastewater treatment works of processing park adopts the three section process (coagulating, settling, filtering) for reclaimed water treatment, each section of process can be selected, and comparison on each section of process is below:
(1) Coagulating
Coagulating process contains mixing and reaction.
← Mixing
Mixing is the precondition to obtain the good coagulating effect, and also the key to save the agent quantity. It usually adopted the mechanical fast mixing and hydraulic mixing, in recent years it mostly adopts the tubular static mixer which is a equipment with small land occupation and good mixing effect, and is widely utilized in domestic. The engineering practices prove that, this mixing unit has a lot of advantages, and thus the tubular static mixer is herein recommended.
← Reaction
The reaction and flocculation process is the most critical link of water supply treatment, and effect of flocculation shall directly impact the settling effect, gas flotation effect and quality of effluent water. In this project it adopts the vertical mechanical reaction basin, bent plate reaction basin, small mesh grid reaction basin to carry out comparison on plans, details refer to 7.4-2.
Table 7.4-2 Comparison on plans of reaction basin
|Basin type |Vertical mechanical|Bent plate reaction basin |Small mesh grid reaction basin |
|Item |reaction basin | | |
|Technical |Main advantages |1. It has very |1. It has wide application, |1. It is featured by new type, high |
|comparison | |strong adaptability|and is featured by new type, |efficiency, small land occupancy, low |
| | |to change of raw |high efficiency, small land |investment, low agent consumption, and |
| | |water |occupancy, appropriate |potential. |
| | | |investment, and fairly high |2. It has strong anti-impact capacity, |
| | | |consumption of reagent. |and the appropriate scope of water |
| | | |2. It adopts the fixed type |quality is wide. |
| | | |ABS product with fairly long |3. It does not need the mechanical |
| | | |service life and convenient |equipment, and the maintenance and |
| | | |installation. |management are convenient. |
| | | |3. It does not need to be |4. It adopts the ethylene-propylene |
| | | |added by equipment, and the |copolymers plastics grid board with |
| | | |maintenance and management |same specs in favor of installation and|
| | | |are convenient. |maintenance. |
| | | |4. It has strong anti-impact|5. The reaction basin already has the |
| | | |capacity, and the appropriate|matured design, installation and run |
| | | |scope of water quality is |experience. |
| | | |wide. | |
| |Main disadvantages |1. land occupancy |1. The construction and |1. The application time of this |
| | |is great. |installation are troublesome.|technology is relatively short. |
| | |2. The power | | |
| | |consumption is | | |
| | |higher than that of| | |
| | |other basin types. | | |
| | |3. It has | | |
| | |mechanical | | |
| | |equipments, and the| | |
| | |maintenance work | | |
| | |volume and run cost| | |
| | |are added. | | |
| | |4. The investment | | |
| | |cost is high. | | |
According to above comparison it is know that, the advantage of vertical mechanical reaction basin is not apparent in this project, in addition to high total investment and great power consumption, it is added by a lot of maintenance and management work, and its land occupancy is great, thus it is not recommended. The mesh grid reaction basin has the advantages of new type, high efficiency, potential, small land occupancy, low investment and low reagent consumption, furthermore, this system has been successfully run in the north regions of Moudanjiang City, Daqing City, and Dalian City, etc., thus in this project, the small mesh grid reaction basin is recommended.
(2) Settling
The settling means the process to eliminate the solid particle in the suspension liquid via the precipitating action of gravity. In the water cleaning process, in order to reach the purpose it usually adopts the treatment building structures as horizontal flow settling basin, slope tube settling basin, slope plate settling basin, and comparison on plans of three basin types are shown in Table 7.4-3.
Table 7.4-3 Comparison on plans of settling basin.
|Basin type |Horizontal flow |Slope tube settling basin |Slope plate settling basin |
|Item |settling basin | | |
|Technical |Main advantages |1. The treatment |1. The treatment effect is |1. It has very good treatment effect, |
|comparison | |effect is stable, |good and the land occupancy |settling time is short, land occupancy |
| | |and the |is small. |is small, and hydraulic condition is |
| | |adaptability to raw|2. It is placed in indoor |good. |
| | |water is strong. |conditions, and the |2. The water id distributed at the |
| | |2. The run |investment is lower than |short side, and the water is collected |
| | |experience is rich |horizontal flow settling |at tail end by same process and same |
| | |and the management |basin. |resistance, and the collection tank in |
| | |is convenient. | |the basin can be cancelled. |
| | |3. It is easy of | |3. The settling basin has matured |
| | |arrangement in the | |experiences of design, installation, |
| | |narrow and long | |and run. |
| | |plant site. | | |
| |Main disadvantages |1. It has great |1. Its adaptability to raw |1. The application time of this |
| | |land occupancy, and|water is inferior to that of |technology is relatively short. |
| | |great basin body as|horizontal flow settling | |
| | |well as high |basin. | |
| | |investment cost. |2. It has high requirement to| |
| | |2. The open basin |reaction effect, and evenness| |
| | |shall be frozen |of water distribution. | |
| | |during winter, when|3. The plastic slope pipe has| |
| | |it is placed in |the problem of replacement | |
| | |indoor condition, |for aging. | |
| | |the investment cost| | |
| | |shall be greatly | | |
| | |increased. | | |
According to above comparison it can be seen that, slope plate settling basin has more advantages of economy and other aspects when compared with horizontal flow settling basin and slope tube settling basin. The slope plate settling basin is the new type and high efficiency one developed in 1990s, and its characteristics are: effluent water quality is good and stable, it has strong adaptability to change of raw water temperature and quality, hydraulic condition is good, settling time is short, land occupancy is small, potential of output water is great, and slope plate settling basin has been widely utilized in the north regions as Moudanjiang City, Daqing City and Dalian City with very good effect of operation, thus slope plate settling basin is recommended for this project.
(3) Filtering
Filtering is the most critical work sequence of water supply treatment, at present it usually adopts the fast filtering basin to eliminate the residual flocculants and foreign substances after coagulating and settling of raw water. According to different structure forms of the filtering basin, at present it usually adopts the general fast filtering basin, double valve filtering basin, siphon filtering basin, movable hood backwash filter basin, and V type filtering basin, etc. In this project it intends to select the general fast filtering basin and V type filtering basin. Comparison on plans is shown in Table 7.4-4.
Table 7.4-4 Comparison on plans of filtering basins
| Basin type |V type filtering basin |General fast filtering basin |
|Item | | |
|Main advantages |1. The filtering speed is high, basin body is |1. The run is stable and reliable and has matured |
| |small and land occupancy is small. |operation experience. |
| |2. The waste water discharge quantity is low, |2. It adopts the sand filtering material, the |
| |energy consumption is low and investment cost is |material can be easily obtained and the price is |
| |low. |cheap. |
| |3. The effluent water gate is controlled by level |3. It adopts the large resistance water |
| |of filtering basin liquid, so as to control the |distribution system, the single basin area can be |
| |filtering speed. |fairly great, and basin depth is appropriate. |
| | |4. It adopts the decelerated filtering and water |
| | |quality is fairly good. |
|Main disadvantages |1. It is added by water supply equipment, and this|1. It has a lot of valves with expensive price and |
| |increases the infrastructure construction |valve can be easily damaged. |
| |investment and increases the work volume of |2. It must be set by complete set of flushing |
| |maintenance. |equipments. |
| |2. The basin structure is complicated, especially | |
| |it has high accuracy requirement to water | |
| |distribution and gas distribution system, and this| |
| |adds the difficulty of construction. | |
| |3. The area if single basin is averagely greater | |
| |than unit basin area of general filtering basin, | |
| |but it is not comprehensively utilized, because | |
| |the discharge tank in the middle position occupies| |
| |a part of area, and in fact, the actual filtering | |
| |area is smaller than single basin area. | |
| |4. The back flush operation is complicated | |
| |especially in case of manual operation. | |
According to above comparison it is know that, the general fast filtering basin has more stable and reliable operation than V filtering basin, its process is simple with low technical requirement to operation personnel, and can meet the actual situation of local area of this project located. Furthermore, the general fast filtering basin has been widely utilized in the deep processing works of wastewater of China. Thus in this project, the general fast filtering basin is recommended.
7.4.2 Comparison and selection on sludge treatment processes
During wastewater treatment process it shall generate a large number of sludge containing various hazard and toxic substances, thus it shall be timely treated and disposed. It usually has the following processes of sludge treatment: anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion and direct thickening and dewatering.
When anaerobic digestion is adopted, it can recover the energy, but its capital cost is fairly high, with operation and maintenance problem, great land occupancy, and safety hidden trouble, furthermore, it shall decrease the effect of biological elimination of phosphorus and increases the quantity of reagent addition.
According to statement of “503 Standard of Wastewater and Sludge Treatment ” of EPA of U.S.A., the treatment effect of aerobic digestion for sludge with staying time of 60 days in 15℃, and 40 days in 20℃ is only equivalent to the anaerobic digestion treatment effect of 35℃ and 15 days of moderate temperature. Apparently, it is not economic to realize the stable aerobic digestion in the large and middle urban wastewater treatment plant, the data shows that, sludge aerobic stabilization technology is only utilized for the wastewater treatment plant below the capacity of 20000 m³/d.
Since the sludge age of wastewater treatment is fairly long, and has aerobic stabilization for some extent, the generated sludge quantity is fairly small. The biological nitrogen and phosphorus elimination process has been utilized for many completed wastewater treatment plants in domestic and abroad, the generated sludge is directly thickened and dehydrated, the operation is stable, and this proves that, the direct thickening and dewatering are feasible.
As above mentioned, in this project, it is recommended to adopt the direct thickening and dewatering for sludge treatment.
7.5 Comparison, selection and analysis on alternatives of treatment works of Wuliansu Lake
7.5.1 Comparison, selection and analysis on constructed wetland
7.5.1.1 Regional location of constructed wetland
Constructed wetland is located in the west part and north part of Wuliangsuhai lake area, which shall respectively treat the lake influent water of general drainage canal , drainage canal 8 and drainage canal 9, the regional location is shown in Fig. 7.5-1. No.2, No.3, and No.4 areas are respectively located in the north west area of Wuliangsuhai and mainly for treatment of drainage water of general drainage canal. No.5, No.6 and No.7 areas are located between drainage canal 8 and drainage canal 9, and in the south side of drainage canal 9, which are used for treating drainage water of drainage canal 8 and drainage canal 9.
[pic]
Fig. 7.5-1 Construction location of constructed wetland
7.5.1.2 Selection of wetland model
With PREWET model, waste water cleaning effect of constructed wetland is simulated and computed. All parameters of model are inputted via “input data” module of main menu, in this module it consists of four sub-modules of system parameter, constituent selection, constituent parameter, influent concentration. According to characteristics of wetland of Wuliangsuhai, constructed wetland system is divided to three subsystems: Stabilization pond subsystem and surface flow reed area subsystem. Finally two wetlands are regarded as integrity for simulation (Fig. 7.5-2).
[pic]
Fig. 7.5-2 Input interface of model parameter
7.5.1.3 Main design parameter
(1) Design of water quantity and water quality
Waste water treated by constructed wetland is the drainage of drainage canal 8 and drainage canal 9, according to water quantity statistics for years (1998-2008), total drainage water into the lake is 460million m3, considering of impact to water quantity after completion of waste water plant and reuse water in the upper reaches, it is predicted that total drainage quantity into the lake is 424million m3, after completion of waste water treatment plant and reuse water plant, it shall not be discharged to general drainage canal, thus it does not have impact to water quality of total drainage.
Annual mean discharge water quantity is 42million m3 for Drainage canal 8 and 22million m3 for Drainage canal 9, totally 64million m3, after completion of waste water plant and reuse water plant at upper reaches, it shall not take water from or discharge water into Drainage canal 8 and Drainage canal 9, thus it shall not impact water quality and water quantity of No.8 and Drainage canal 9.
The Design flow of delay wetland system adopts the annual mean daily flow, wherein, pump and water gate, etc., in the wetland system are computed as per maximum monthly flow.
Water quality of general drainage canal shall adopt the mean value from Dec., to Apr. of next year, nevertheless, considering of influent water quality and quantity of Wuliansu Lake, specific local climate condition and specific condition of wetland, the design water quality shall be subject to maximum concentration of non-icebound season from May to Nov., as shown in Table 7.5-1.
Table 7.5-1 Designed water quality of influent water of constructed wetland
|Indicator |CODCr |BOD5 |NH3-N |TN |TP |
|Value (mg/L) |60 |- |2.4 |13.5 |1.7 |
Note: BOD5 lacks measured data.
(2) Elimination rate
In the wetland, elimination of biochemical oxygen demand can be described by following order 1 reaction dynamics, with apparent correlation (Pnauplius larva>rotifer >Cladocera> protozoan; the mean biomass of zoobenthos in Wuliangsuhai Lake in summer and fall is up to 71.672 g/m2, belonging to eutrophy type, the reducing order of the mean biomass of zoobenthos is chironmus larva> mollusc >oligochaeta; the PCQ value in Wuliangsuhai Lake is 6.6, belonging to eutrophy type. The PCQ value in small lake is 7.3, belonging to super-eutrophy type; comparing the results of ichthyologic survey this time with the historical results, the species and quantity of have reduced remarkably; some species such as snail carp, grass carp, Leuciscus waleckii, Xenocypris argentea Gunther and plaice have already been extinct; the wetland environment in Wuliangsuhai Lake is increasingly worsening, though birds suitable for swamp environment are gradually increasing, the birds species suitable for vast waters are relatively decreasing.
12.4 Appraisal Result of Environmental Impact
12.4.1 Environmental Impact in Construction Period
(1) Appraisal Result of Water Environmental Impact
The main pollutants for water system in construction period are: domestic wastewater of construction personnel and construction wastewater. With proper measures, the impact upon environment can be controlled within allowed limit.
A backhoe sludge excavating ship & bucket-grab sludge excavating ship are used in the grid waterway works of Wuliangsuhai Lake for excavating grid waterway, and can effectively reduce pollutants and secondary pollution of SS scattering around. Moreover, sludge excavating ship operates at fixed position with little disturbance for the substrate sludge of sea area, where the leakage of substrate sludge is little, and the construction impact on water environment is within the scope of 50-60m. The sludge excavation works will promote the removal of pollutants such as nutritional salt and heavy metal and exercise a negative impact on water environment quality. In the dredging period and short time after the dredging is over, the content of total suspended solid, poisonous heavy metal ion, nitrogen and phosphor nutritional salt in water will increase, and the transparency of water will decline. Such environmental impact features some duration. However, one year after dredging, the quality of water system improves, and various indicators are lower than the level before dredging. As a result, the substrate sludge excavation will promote the improvement of water quality of the lake.
(2) Conclusion of the Analysis on Atmospheric Environmental Impact
On the construction stage, air pollution mainly comes from the flying dust of construction vehicle in running, pile-up yard and agitation as well as tail gas of vehicles. The analysis and preliminary estimate prove that the flying dust in the construction will cause some impact upon the resident, school, enterprises and government-sponsored institutions around the construction site and the construction personnel, in which the impact upon construction personnel is the biggest. However, after necessary measures taken, the impact of flying dust in construction can be minimized. Moreover, such impact is temporary. After the construction is over, the impact will decline rapidly with the implementation of greening and replanting works and even disappear. The tail gas of construction machine and transport vehicles includes nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon mainly. Such pollutant can easily be diluted and scattered due to less emission strength and open site.
(3) Appraisal Conclusion of Sound Environmental Impact
In the construction, the noises of construction machine are main source. Sanbaigan reclaimed water supply works will cause impact on the surrounding environments of Shanba Husbandry Union and Sanbaigan Wastewater Disposal Plant nearby; Qibaigan reclaimed water supply works has impact on Wuyuan Brick Plant and other enterprises; the wastewater treatment and recycling works of processing park of Wuleteqian Banner has impact upon sound environments of adjacent Shagedan Village; sea area works of Wuliangsuhai Lake has some impact on sound environment of the sea area; and other planned works have less environment sensitive points around and the impact of construction noises is little. Do lower the artificial noises, take proper sound insulation measures and set up construction enclosure, and reasonably arrange the running time of high-noise equipment and avoid operation at night for reducing environmental impact in the construction of the project. Moreover, select proper positions for equipments, leverage national conditions for reducing noises so as to minimize the noises impact in construction period.
(4) Appraisal Conclusion of Environmental Impact of Solid
Domestic and construction garbage should be timely transported to a site designated by environment and sanitation authorities for disposal, in order to avoid environmental impact around. Try to use the waste soil of the works in the construction of various works of the project; contact local muck authorities for arranging disposal for the unused waste soil. If waste soil is piled up on the yard, ecologic greening should be immediately done after the construction over, and moreover, anti-flood ditch is required for preventing land erosion.
The construction area of the sea area grid excavation works of Wuliangsuhai Lake is 2.451×106m2, where about 2.295×105m3 substrate sludge is produced. With high water content, the excavated sludge may cause secondary pollution with no proper protective measures. The Environment Monitoring Station of Bayannaoer Municipality has monitored the heavy metal content of the substrate sludge of the sea area of Wuliangsuhai Lake. According to the result of monitoring, heavy metal content of substrate sludge on various monitoring points all aren’t higher than the standard in Control Criteria on Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge (GB4284-84) of the State. Therefore, the substrate sludge excavated in sea area grid works of Wuliangsuhai Lake can be used as fertilizer, and upper layer of substrate sludge is used in improving alkaline saline soil; and lower layer is the parent soil with no pollution, about 2.17 million m3, and can be used in piling up artificial island in the lake area, instead of shipment.
(5) Appraisal Conclusion of Ecologic Environmental Impact
The impact of project construction upon ecologic environment is mainly the damage of soil and natural vegetation caused in the construction of various works and laying of pipelines. The construction of the reclaimed water disposal facility, wastewater disposal & recycling facility and artificial wetland of Wuliangsuhai Lake with permanent land occupation is done mainly on wasteland and partly on farmland, and will reduce the land of farmers to some extent; present reed land is manly used in artificial wetland construction of Wuliangsuhai Lake, instead of any nature change of present land, and ecologic impact of permanent land occupation is little. The construction of project pipelines features temporary land occupation, and produces partial and temporary impact and is restorable after the construction is over. The unfavorable impact upon landscape in the construction period of the project is short-term and restorable.
The construction segments of the project with probable land erosion are mainly ground excavation in pipeline laying, and the construction of reclaimed water facility, wastewater disposal and recycling facility and artificial wetland of Wuliangsuhai Lake as well as earthwork excavation. The land erosion impact of pipelines construction on the construction stage strictly in conformity with the water and land conservation proposal and managing measures defined by various works is under control.
Floating substance of sea area grid waterway works of Wuliangsuhai Lake in the construction will shape a high-density floating substance distribution zone in some scope around the construction site, which may consequently cause a decline of aquatic plankton, zooplankton variety and quantity. However, such impact is reversible. With the completion of the engineering construction, such impact will disappear soon. Floating substance of stability pond and deposition pond of artificial wetland works of Wuliangsuhai Lake in construction will shape a high-density floating substance distribution zone in some scope around the construction site, which may consequently cause a decline of aquatic plankton, zooplankton variety and quantity. However, such impact is reversible. With the completion of the engineering construction, such impact will disappear soon.
(6) Appraisal Conclusion of Social Environmental Impact
The impact upon traffic in construction period has three aspects: ① road is broken in pipeline construction and the traffic is hindered; ②earthwork pile-up and road excavation hinder the traffic; and, ③ transport vehicles will increase the vehicle flow on the road. For ensuring construction safety, overall medical examination is required for all construction persons on the site, and any person with infectious diseases should be prohibited on the construction site; regular medical examination is required for the working staff of mess, and any person with epidemic disease should be timely treated and transferred out of the mess immediately for preventing the prevalence of the disease. The construction site should be provided with centralized water supply facility. Water source should be sterilized and monitored. Medical service facilities should be available on construction site. Proper labor protection should be provided for construction personnel for their health and safety and smooth implementation of the project.
12.4.2 Environmental Impact in Operation Period
12.4.2.1 Air Environmental Impact
In the operation period of the planned reclaimed water supply works, the sludge disposal area will emit some stench, and the sterilizing device may emit chlorine dioxide and chlorine gas in abnormal working status. Chlorine adding room is equipped with alkaline solution spraying facility. Therefore, no obvious impact will occur on atmospheric environment.
The site of wastewater treatment and recycling works of the project is within relevant processing park. Analogy analysis reveals that stench substance will have no impact upon surrounding villages. A preset 150m sanitation protection distance is reasonable. Moreover, the most adjacent sensitive target is 200m away from the boundary of wastewater treatment & recycling works of processing park of Wulateqianqi County. The impact of stench pollutant is slight.
The waste gas of the artificial wetland works of the sea area the project of Wuliangsuhai Lake mainly includes CO2 in microbe decomposition as well as the stench from rotten plant & animal and living microbes, is little and has emission concentration in conformity with the Grade-II standard of the allowed highest concentration of plants in Emission Standards on Pollutants of Urban Wastewater Disposal Plant (GB18918-2002).
12.4.2.2 Water Environmental Impact
Wastewater treatment and recycling works of the project produces reclaimed water for industrial enterprises in processing park with no wastewater, is able to save 22.63 million m3/a water resources, reduce a pollutant emission of the valley i.e. CODcr by 10950.0t/a, BODcr by 6022.5t/a and ammonia nitrogen by 730.0t/a at designed wastewater scale and plays significant role in cutting off total water pollutants of the region after put into operation.
The planned reclaimed water supply works can reasonably dispatch water resources, boost utilization efficiency of water resources, reduce exploitation of underground water resources by 51.024 million m3, protect underground water resources, alleviate the continuously declining status of underground water, and prevent the expansion of funnel area. Moreover, it can cut off the emission in the valley i.e. CODcr by 2847.0t/a, BOD by 1335.9 t/a & ammonia nitrogen by 491.29t/a, and improve water environment of the region. Backwash water of filtration sink, sludge water of deposition sink, waste water in sludge pressure filtration produced in the operation of various works of the project are recycled. The ultra-filtration and hyper-filtration tail water in Sanbaigan reclaimed water supply works, Qibaigan reclaimed water supply works and reclaimed water supply works of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park all is sent to the front water distribution terminal after deposition treatment for recycling treatment with the raw water of reclaimed water. Waste water isn’t discharged. Different disposal measures and modes are applied for the domestic wastewater of reclaimed water supply works according to the infrastructure around the works. The wastewater of reclaimed water supply works of processing park of Wulatehouqi County is sent to the wastewater disposal works of the processing park of Wulatehouqi County for treatment; domestic wastewater of Sanbaigan reclaimed water supply works is sent to Sanbaigan wastewater disposal plant to the north of the works for treatment; domestic wastewater of Qibaigan reclaimed water supply works is sent to Qibaigan wastewater disposal plant to the north of the works for treatment; and the domestic wastewater of reclaimed water supply works of Ganqimaodu Port Processing Park is treated in underground biochemical treatment equipment in conformity with Urban Wastewater Recycling—Quality of Urban Water for Different Purposes (GB/T18920-2002), and used for different purposes in the plant, instead of any emission.
After completed, ecologic-transitional-belt artificial wetland of Wuliangsuhai Lake of the project can cut off the pollutants discharged into the lake: CODcr by 9781.19 t/a, NH3-N by 1990.57t/a & 299.24t/a. The model predicts that in non-frozen period, outlet water quality could reach Cat-IV standard (average) of the State’s Quality Criteria on Surface Water Environment GB3838-2002. That is to reduce pollutant concentration of water: CODCr 30mg/l, TP 1.5mg/l and TP 0.1mg/l.
In sum, after the project is completed, the total reduction of pollution loads of Wuliangsuhai Lake is: COD by 23578.19t/a, TP by 458.38t/a. Therefore, the project has no negative impact upon the surface water environment. With the implementation of the project, the trend of serious pollution of Wuliangsuhai Lake will be preliminarily controlled. The quality of water returning from Wuliangsuhai Lake into the Yellow River will be largely improved.
12.4.2.3 Sound Environmental Impact
The predicted plant noise values of reclaimed water supply works and wastewater treatment and recycling works all comply with Grade-II standards in Criteria on Plant Noises of Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90). The results of overlapping with present noises prove that with no densely populated point around the plant site, the impact of various noises upon prediction points aren’t exceeding the standard at daytime and night after the project is completed. As a result, in operation period, the equipment noises of reclaimed water supply works and wastewater treatment and recycling works have little impact upon the surrounding environmental.
Water pumps of sea-area artificial wetland of Wuliangsuhai Lake in operation period produce high noises value and strong strike, and some may last for long time with violent shock. With the construction area 5-10km away from natural protection zone, the impact will occur for the birds in the region in nidification, food seek, wooing and hatching under national protection.
12.4.2.4 Solid Waste Impact
(1) The solid wastes of the reclaimed water supply works in operation may include domestic garbage and dehydrated sludge. The output of solid waste of various reclaimed water supply works is included in Table 3.3-5. The plant area is set up with garbage station, where domestic garbage and dehydrated sludge will be piled up together, and regularly cleaned & transported to local garbage plant for burial treatment. Therefore, it has no impact upon the environment.
(2) The solid waste of wastewater treatment & recycling works of processing park after put into production mainly includes domestic garbage, bar residue, deposited sand and biochemical sludge. The output of solid waste of wastewater treatment and recycling works of processing park is included in 3.3-12.
① The plant area is set up with garbage station, where domestic garbage will be piled up together, and regularly cleaned & transported to local garbage plant for burial treatment. Therefore, it has no impact upon the environment.
② The bar residue, deposited sand and biochemical sludge of wastewater treatment and recycling works of processing park will be treated as different categories. Set up bar residue and deposited sand drying yard for lowering the water content; set up a sludge-piling shed for temporary storage of sludge with canopy on top. The ground of piling shed must be completely hardened, and cofferdam, drainage ditch and collecting well should be set around piling shed. The drainage in sludge piling process should be sent back to the wastewater disposal system for circulation and treatment. The impact of sludge piling upon shallow underground water around the plant site should be prevented. Sludge is regularly transported to Baotou Dangerous Waste Disposal Center of Inner Mongolia (in the middle and west of Inner Mongolia) for burial treatment.
Closed tank is used for sludge transport in order to avoid public hazard in the transport.
12.5 Relief Measures of Environmental Impact
The environmental protection measures of the project involve two stages i.e. construction period and operation period, including the relief measures of water environmental impact, ecologic environment, atmospheric environmental impact and noises pollution as well as water & soil conservation measures.
Generally speaking, the relief measures of environmental impact of the project are feasible by and large. If relief measure of environmental pollution of the project is well-prepared, pollutant emission can comply with the standard. The investment of the project for the environment protection is RMB63.8675 million, accounting for 6.41% of the total investment of the project.
12.6 Conclusion of Analysis on Environmental Benefits
The project through the construction of reclaimed water supply works and wastewater treatment and recycling works of processing park and implementation of integrated sea-area improvement works of Wuliangsuhai Lake can dispatch the water resources comprehensively, improve utilization rate of water resources, adjust a water demand conflict between industry and agriculture, and promote and drive regional economic cooperation and development; cut off pollutant emission, improve water environment quality of Wuliangsuhai Lake, protect and restore ecologic environment of Wuliangsuhai Lake, and have decisive impact on urban infrastructure construction, ecologic environment protection and even the development of national economy and society in the project area.
The project can (1) improve the water environment quality of Bayannaoer Municipality, and protect and restore water ecologic environment of Wuliangsuhai Lake; (2) improve the production and living conditions of local residents, and living quality and health level of the people; (3) promote the development of reed industry, fishery and tourism in project region through the improvement of water ecologic environment of Wuliangsuhai Lake; (4) promote market-oriented construction and management of the infrastructure of Bayannaoer Municipality through importing and referring to sophisticated technique and management experiences at home and abroad, and realize the favorable self-development of urban infrastructure; (5) boost up harmonious development of environment, economy and society of Bayannaoer Municipality, and create favorable condition for the sustainable development strategy and overall development of well-off society of Bayannaoer Municipality. The project with good environment, social and economic benefits complies with the national and local national economy development planning, and is able to promote the sustainable development of Bayannaoer Municipality.
12.7 Conclusion of Public consultation
The results of surveys on public consultation in several rounds reveal that 95% of the public support the project and hold no objection. Main opinions and proposals include: waste water, noises, flying dust, garbage, land occupation in construction, and the damage to vegetation and wildlife habitat of Wuliangsuhai Lake must be considered in project construction and operation; construction unit should strengthen the supervision over environmental protection, ensure normal operation of environmental protection facility, control pollutant emission; strengthen the management and supervision, prevent “sudden accident”, and define emergency handling proposal.
12.8 General Conclusion
In sum, the project complies with the industrial policies, laws and statutes, relevant environmental appraisal policies of the World Bank, and overall urban development planning, environmental function zone and ecologic environment function zone planning of Bayannaoer Municipality, and features reasonable site selection by and large. After it is completed, the project is predicted with good environmental benefits, economic benefits & social benefits and can dispatch water resources reasonably, improve utilization rate of water resources, save water resources; and after implemented, the project can cut off total pollutant emission in lake water i.e. COD by 23578.19t/a and TP by 458.38t/a, improve water environment quality of Bayannaoer Municipality and the water circulation of sea area of Wuliangsuhai Lake, retard paludification process, and protect and restore ecologic water environment. Through environmental protection and prevention measures, the pollutant emission is controlled within allowed limit, and water environment quality of Wuliangsuhai Lake can be obviously improved.
Obviously, the project is feasible with regard to environmental protection after the substitute proposal, relief measures, environment management plan, public negotiation and other countermeasure and measures submitted by the project are employed.
Attachment 1 Advertisement for EIA Report Disclosure
[pic]
Attachment 2 Certificate Letter from Bayannaoer Library on EIA Report Disclosure
[pic]
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Preparing and submitting the environmental impact assessment report
Environmental management and monitoring program
Giving advice and conclusion of environmental impact assessment
Consultation of expert opinions
Measures for improvement of program
Environmental protection measures
Analysis of questionnaire survey
Analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts
Environmental monitoring and existing condition analysis
Public consultation
Ecological environment
Noise environment
Water environmen
Atmospheric environment
Engineering analysis
Development of work program
Identification of key issues and selection of evaluation factors
Determination of Content of evaluation, emphasis, level, scope and standards
Data collection, field investigation and engineering analysis
9# Jiupaigan
4# Dongdatan
2# Dabodong
8# Xiaohai
1# Xiaowa
10# Erdian
11# Haihao
12# Hekou(Wumaoji)
7# General Drainage Canal
6# Bapaigan
3# Wayaogeliang
5# Xidatan
Erdenii Prague Sumu
Seed multiplication
farm
Eighth field of Xishanzui farm
Ninth field of Xinan farm
Eighth field
Third field
Second field
Fifteenth field
Ninth field
Fifth field
Sixth field
Fifth work area
First field
Wayaotan
Wayaotan
Noise monitoring
sites
Fifteenth field
Fourth field
Beilongtai
Seventh field
Xinmin
Third field
Sixth field
Fifth field
First field
3 sites in slightly
polluted region
4 sites in moderately
polluted region
2 sites in
stable region
10 sites inseverely
polluted region
Release rate of N
Sampling points
Release rate of P
Sampling points
Ulansuhai
Capacity run into Ulansuhai is 0.569billion m³
Precipitation
0.066billion
m³
Evaporation capacity
0.361billion m³
Capacity run into Yellow River 0.154billion m³
Seepage amount
0.066 billion m³
Groundwater replenishing
0.018billion m³
Surface runoff
0.052billion
m³
Comprehensive
Utilization Rate
Disposal Rate
Storage Rate
Water quantity (ten thousand m3)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
Before the completion of water recycling plant
After the completion of water recycling plant
Water quantity change rateÿ% ÿ
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
With the project by World Bank
Without the project by World Bank
NH3-N concentraplant
Water quantity change rate（%）
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
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With the project by World Bank
Without the project by World Bank
NH3-N concentration distribution on 120th day
NH3-N concentration distribution on 120th day
Without the project by World Bank
With the project by World Bank
NH3-N concentration distribution on 180th day
NH3-N concentration distribution on 180th day
Without the project by World Bank
With the project by World Bank
NH3-N concentration distribution on 240th day
NH3-N concentration distribution on 240th day
NH3-N concentration distribution on 300th day
NH3-N concentration distribution on 300th day
With the project by World Bank
Without the project by World Bank
NH3-N concentration distribution on 360th day
NH3-N concentration distribution on 360th day
With the project by World Bank
Without the project by World Bank
The suggested channel area to be added to
Planned channels
Original channels
Water area
Reeds
Legend
Accident site
Duty room
Emergency rescue personnel
Leadership Group for Emergency Rescue
Group head: director of factory
Deputy group head: vice director of factory
Member: chief of the Department of Environmental Protection and etc.
On-duty personnel of factory director office
On-duty personnel of central control room
Person of repair on duty
Person of fire pump room on duty
Person of environmental protection department on duty
Driver on
duty
Accident site
Duty room
Emergency rescue personnel
Leadership Group for Emergency Rescue
Group head: director of factory
Deputy group head: vice director of factory
Member: chief of the Department of Environmental Protection and etc
Factory director office
Central control room
Repair team
Fire pump room
Department of Environmental Protection
Driver team
Alarm
Emergency Rescue HQ
General director: director of factory
Vice General director: vice director of factory
Member: chief of the Department of Environmental Protection and head of rescue personnel.
PAM
Set up technical team
Export team
Environment monitoring team
News report team
After-treatment team
Production restoration team
Rescue and repair team
Accident survey team
Communication and liaison team
Logistics supply team
Traffic and security guard team
Set up technical team
Logistics supply team
Communication and liaison team
Accident survey team
Rescue and repair team
Production restoration team
After-treatment team
ClO2
News report team
Environment monitoring team
Export team
Town Government
Set up
Emergency Rescue HQ
General director: director of factory
Vice General director: vice director of factory
Member: chief of the Department of Environmental Protection and head of rescue personnel.
Alarm
Leadership Group for Emergency Rescue
Group head: director of factory
Deputy group head: vice director of factory
Member: chief of the Department of Environmental Protection and etc
Duty room, factory director room
Accident site
E2498 Vol. 6
Contact basin
Filtration basin
Sloping plate settling basin
Grid flocculation basin
Lifting pump station
Effluent water
Raw water
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4
5
6
1
20%
20%
7
Vertical burying of plastics
2
Influent water of General Drainage Canal
Vertical burying of plastics
60%
Influent water of Drainage Canal 8
Influent water of drainage Canal 9
8
3
4
1
5
Vertical burying of plastics
6
7
Vertical burying of plastics
20%
2
Influent water of General Drainage Canal
Vertical burying of plastics
20%
60%
Influent water of Drainage Canal 8
Influent water of drainage Canal 9
8
3
7
5
6
Vertical burying of plastics
2
Influent water of General Drainage Canal
Vertical burying of plastics
1
Influent water of Drainage Canal 8
Influent water of drainage Canal 9
8
4
3
NH3-N concentration distribution on60th day
With the project by World Bank
Without the project by World Bank
NH3-N concentration distribution on 60th day
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