Don M. Jansen; Plant Research International ...
COFFEE HANDBOOK
Michiel Kuit; EDE Consulting for Coffee ? Asia-Pacific Don M. Jansen; Plant Research International Nguyen Van Thiet; Tan Lam Agricultural Product Joint Stock Company
Manual for Arabica cultivation
TAN LAM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT JOINT STOCK COMPANY &
PPP PROJECT "IMPROVEMENT OF COFFEE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF COFFEE PRODUCTION IN VIETNAM"
Manual for Arabica cultivation
Tan Lam Agricultural Product Joint Stock Company Highway 9, km 19 ? Cam Lo, Quang Tri Talaco@dng.vnn.vn
Foreword
T his manual aims to introduce Good Agricultural Practices to farmers. The purpose is to improve coffee quality and sustainability in Arabica production. It is a compilation of the joint experiences of the PPP project "Improvement of Coffee Quality and Sustainability of Coffee Production in Vietnam", the Tan Lam Agricultural Product Joint Stock Company and the farmers from Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province that participated in this project. The project team would like to thank the Douwe Egebrts Foundations which provided funding for the project. We would also like to thank all the farmers from Huong Hoa who worked with us and provided us with an insight in their management procedures and gave excellent feedback on the technical contents of the manual. Michiel Kuit, Nguyen Van Thiet & Don Jansen Khe Sanh, 31-12-2004 .
i
Table of Contents
Foreword
i
1 History of Arabica coffee
Discovery
1
Movement of Arabica
2
Development of coffee in Vietnam
5
2 Introduction to Arabica
Growing conditions
7
Classification
7
Structure
8
Flowering
9
Cherries
10
Leaves
11
Root system
12
3 Propagation
Introduction
17
Propagation by seed
18
Harvesting and processing
19
Seedling development
20
Vegetative propagation
25
Top grafting
26
Cutting
28
4 Soil identification and improvement
Soil requirements for coffee
29
Soil identification
29
Plant nutrients
30
Texture and structure of soil
30
Positive and negative charged elements 36
Cation Exchange Capacity
39
Soil organic matter
41
Soil pH and liming
41
5 Land preparation and planting
Considerations
45
Soil preparation
46
Planting
50
6 Windbreaks, shadowtrees and covercrops
Windbreaks
53
Shadow trees
55
Intercropping
62
Intercropping for soil coverage
62
Intercropping with food crops
67
7 Plant nutrition and fertilisation
Importance of fertilising
68
Nutrients and their functions
69
Fertilizers and their nutrient contents
73
Application rates
76
Timing of applications
82
Application methods
83
8 Composting
Composting coffee pulp and husk
86
9 Pruning and stumping
Objectives of pruning
91
Growth shapes
91
Pruning requirements and techniques 94
Stumping
102
10 Pest and disease indentification and prevention
Pest and disease types
106
Coffee Leaf Rust
107
Brown eye spot disease
111
Dieback
112
Black Spot Disease
114
Pests
115
Brown scale
115
Green Scale
116
Coffee Mealy Bug
116
Coffee Stem Borer
118
Pesticide application procedures
120
Spraying equipment
123
Personal safety during handling and
application
124
Pesticides and health
126
11 Harvesting and quality
Introduction
129
Variety
129
Climate
130
Soil
131
Nutrients
131
Harvesting
131
Calculation examples
133
12 Fieldbook
Rationale
136
Approach
136
Results
137
Final notes
141
13 Investment calculation
Approach
142
Calculation example
142
14 Farmers' research
Rationale
148
Question
149
Hypothesis
151
Design
152
Observation
155
Analysis
157
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