Chapter Four Essay Questions



Chapter Seven Review

Vocabulary: pituitary gland, GH (growth hormone), operations (piaget), egocentrism, animism, centration, irreversibility, conservation, ZPD (zone of proximal development), scaffolding, cultural tools*,

Learning Objectives:

1. Describe changes in body size, proportions, and skeletal maturity during early childhood, and discuss asynchronies in physical growth.

2. Discuss brain development in early childhood, including lateralization and handedness and myelination.

3. Explain how hormones, nutrition, infectious disease, and malnutrition impact early childhood growth.

4. Summarize factors related to childhood injuries.

5. Cite advances in gross and fine motor development in early childhood, including individual and sex differences.

6. Describe advances in mental representation during the preschool years.

7. Describe the limitations of Piaget's preoperational stage and summarize recent research on preoperational thought.

8. Contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's views.

9. Explain Vygotsky's position on the social origins of cognitive development.

10. Describe the development of attention and memory during early childhood.

11. Trace the development of preschoolers' attention, memory, metacognitive and mathematical reasoning skills.

12. Describe the impact of home environment, preschool, kindergarten, and child care, and educational television on mental development in early childhood.

13. Trace the development of vocabulary and the functions of private speech in language.

14. Summarize the relationships between low SES and language development.*

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