COGNITION Chapter 6: MEMORY DISTORTIONS Fundamentals of ...

Mark Van Selst San Jose State University

COGNITION Chapter 6: MEMORY DISTORTIONS Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology

(Kellogg)

Fall 2013

RECONSTRUCTIVE RETRIEVAL

? Schema-guided construction of episodic memories that interpret, embellish, integrate, and alter encoded memory representations

? Brewer and Treyens (1981) ? Bartlett (1932)

Cognition

Van Selst (Kellogg Chapter 6)

Schema (Schemata, Scripts)

OFFICE SCHEMA

? a closely connected set of ideas that are related to a specific event or object.

? thought to be relatively stable entities that are developed through a person's experience with objects, people, and events in the world (Anderson, 1977).

? Schema about events are often called scripts (Ormrod, 2004).

? May contain generic or abstract knowledge and can be formed without an individual's conscious knowledge (Stein & Trabasso, 1982).

? Schemata that share ideas can be interconnected

Cognition

Van Selst (Kellogg Chapter 6)

Cognition

Brewer & Tryens (1981)

30 students were placed in the office seen to the right for a short time (35 seconds) and then moved to another room ...

... They were then asked to recall the objects in the office (a surprise recall task)

Van Selst (Kellogg Chapter 6)

Cognition

Brewer & Tryens (1981)

Van Selst (Kellogg Chapter 6)

30 students were placed in the office seen to the right for a short time, then moved to another room and then asked to recall the objects in the office, 9 students remembered seeing books, despite the fact that no books had been in the office. Students also tended to not remember objects that they typically would not find in an office, such as a skull or a tennis racket.

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