COIN-OPERATED COFFEE VENDING MACHINE



COIN-OPERATED COFFEE VENDING MACHINE

A Project Proposal

By:

Pinili, Ellen Gold B.

Ponce, Mary Rosechelle S.

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

Negros Oriental State University

Negros Oriental State University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE

Dumaguete City, 6200 Philippines

ADVISER’S APPROVAL

This is to certify that I have perused and evaluated the project study proposal entitled Coin-Operated Coffee Vending Machine. I have thoroughly discussed with them this project study and believe it is relevant and satisfactorily attained the standards set forth at the Policies and Guidelines of the Integrated Project Study with regards to substance and format.

I hereby recommend it for presentation of project proposal.

ENGR. NARCISA TUBALLA Date: _____________

Project Study Adviser

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 1

2. Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………………….. 2

3. General Objectives ………………………………………………………………….. 2

4. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………………….. 3

5. Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………………….. 5

6. Feasibility of the Study ………………………………………………………………….. 5

7. Scope and Limitations ………………………………………………………………….. 6

8. Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………………………….. 6

9. Methodology ………………………………………………………………….. 8

10. Schedule of Activities ………………………………………………………………….. 10

11. References ………………………………………………………………….. 11

1. Introduction

Nowadays, automated machines are in demand for they make numerous activities not only easier but also more efficient. These machines require minimal human intervention to do its job. Vending machine is one of these automated machines which made people’s lives more convenient.

These vending machines have taken its mark in the market world. From sanitary supplies to beverages, vending machines have gained its throne as one of the sales strategies in the business world. Starting its operation using conventional mechanical controls, vending machines have employed electronic components to add more functional features to it and to increase the accuracy of its system operation.

This study focuses on the design and implementation of a Coin-Operated Coffee Vending Machine that can dispense different mixtures of hot coffee through dropping a specified number of five-peso coins in a coin slot. These mixtures are categorized as black coffee, sweetened black coffee and sweetened coffee with creamer, each of which comes in different prices. The machine accepts five-peso coins and will not accept any other type of coins. Once the coin/coins have been dropped, the machine automatically dispenses the right mixture.

The Coin-Operated Coffee Vending Machine will cater the needs of the customers with no further human intervention required. The machine is user-friendly and is very simple to operate. The customers will only have to deal with the number of five-peso coins to be dropped to the machine which will correspond to the mixture of hot coffee to be dispensed. With this, labor cost will be minimized and it will also give entrepreneurs the opportunity to attract more customers with this innovation.

2. Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the purpose of making a coin-operated coffee vending machine?

2. What are the benefits that the consumer can get out of this machine?

3. What appropriate design will make the machine work in conjunction with a coin-slot machine?

4. What components should be used in the machine to provide simple and inexpensive means to accurately and positively control the amount of liquid to be dispensed?

5. What appropriate temperature controller circuitry must be used in order to keep the coffee at a predetermined temperature but with the least evaporation to occur?

6. How acceptable is the project, in terms of convenience and efficiency, for the consumers?

7. What price consumers are willing to pay for the commodity?

3. General Objectives

The researchers proposed this study with the following objectives:

1. To design and make a Coin-Operated Coffee Vending Machine that will dispense different mixtures of hot coffee.

2. To provide a coffee vending machine which requires minimum space utilization while having large storage capacity.

3. To determine what appropriate design will make the dispensing machine work in conjunction with a coin-slot machine.

4. To determine the acceptability of the study in terms of convenience and efficiency.

5. To determine the acceptable price per cup of the coffee to the consumer.

6. To be able to make an income gerating project for the community.

4. Theoretical Framework

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Figure 1

The study is anchored on the relevant laws and theories to provide better understanding on the principles which made the particular innovation possible.

As all of us know, matter is made up of atoms and molecules (groupings of atoms) and energy causes the atoms and molecules to always be in motion - either bumping into each other or vibrating back and forth. The motion of atoms and molecules creates a form of energy called heat or thermal energy which is present in all matter. Even in the coldest voids of space, matter still has a very small but still measurable amount of heat energy. Energy can take on many forms and can change from one form to another. Many different types of energy can be converted into heat energy. Light, electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, sound and thermal energy itself can each cause a substance to heat up by increasing the speed of its molecules. So, put energy into a system and it heats up, take energy away and it cools. For example, when we are cold, we can jump up and down to get warmer. Electrical energy is converted into thermal energy or heat when you use objects such as heating pads, electrical stove elements, toasters, hair dryers, or light bulbs.

The temperature controller can be best represented by the principle of the operation of a thermistor. A thermistor is a temperature sensing device or a resistor whose resistance varies with temperature. This differs from resistance temperature detectors (RTD) in that the material used in the thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while RTDs use pure metals. Ceramic and polymers are semiconductors whose resistances decrease dramatically as temperature increases.

The coin slot uses photoresistor in its operation. Photoresistors or cadmium sulfide cell have similar principle with a thermistor. It is also a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. Photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon. In intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in the valence band, and hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the entire bandgap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called dopants, added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons do not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be extra electrons available for conduction. This is an example of an extrinsic semiconductor.

The pump in the machine uses suction or pressure to raise or move the coffee to the container. The pump uses negative pressure in its operation.

All these laws, theories and principles contribute to the possibility of the construction of a coffee vending machine.

5. Significance of the Study

This study will surely benefit coffee addicts who want to take a sip of their favorite drink right at where they are. This machine can be made available in hospitals, parks, offices, train stations, ports and to a lot of places where people tend to stay for a longer period of time. They will be provided with their hot coffee without dealing with messy sachets and thermos brought by manual mixing of its ingredients.

This will also benefit entrepreneurs engaging in coffee businesses. They would not have to hire labor personnel to look out of the product they are selling thus minimizing the labor costs. Furthermore, this machine might increase their sales for they will also be given the opportunity to attract more customers with this innovation.

Lastly, this study can also help other Electronics and Communications Engineering students who will be conducting a similar study by providing them with base knowledge about vending machine technologies.

6. Feasibility of the Study

The study is feasible since there are a lot of studies undertaken which are similar to this study. The components that will be used are common electronic components which are most likely available in the market. The machine will be operated using a five-peso coin following almost the same procedure as that in videoke machines and other gaming devices.

With the help of our adviser, Engr. Narcisa Tuballa, a licensed Electronics and Communications Engineer and an instructor of the College of Engineering and Architecture, this project study will be made possible since she possesses the technical skills and knowledge necessary for the completion of this study.

7. Scope and Limitations

This study will delve into simple rather than complex controller circuitries that are commonly used in vending machines. The researchers will be dealing with the four major parts of the system and their respective functions and roles on the operation of the entire machine. These major parts are the heaters, the temperature controller circuit, the water pumps and the coin slot. Relays and frequently used ICs, rather than intricate Programmable Integrated Circuits (PIC), will be used to control the functions of each part.

8. Review of Related Literature

The present study bears some relationship to the previous studies conducted. These studies are given as follows:

Ushikubo (1986) invented automatic vending machines which are operated exclusively by key cards. In these machines, a magnetic card or other type of key card is employed for inducing a sale. In some types of such machines, even a payment can be made using such a card. Methods of payment for purchases from automatic vending machine using a card system fall into two types; payment in advance and credit type payment. In accordance with the payment in advance method, a user purchases a card in advance for cash, which card stores data by means of a magnetizable configuration, corresponding to a given purchase price. Every time the card is used in the machine, the recorded information is appropriately changed so as to indicate the remaining credit amount. In accordance with the credit type payment method, a card holder utilizes a vending machine for a purchase using a card which has been issued to him. The amount of each purchase is stored in the machine, and the amounts debited against each card are accumulated over a predetermined period of time and are then billed to each card user at the end of that period. Its only difference is that the present study uses a coin to operate the machine rather than a card like the study mentioned.

Another invention of Hart (1983), a coin-operated purified water dispensing device that accurately measures and dispenses a given amount of water by hydraulic action. A pair of vertically stacked transparent pill tubes is mounted in a cabinet in visually exposed relation of a consumer operating the machine. A water dispensing nozzle is associated with each pile tube and is protected by a shroud that is specifically configured to engage the upper portion of a container to aid the consumer in properly positioning the container to be filled. The consumer activates the machine by placing the required coins in a coin chute. Acceptance of the coins effects rotation of a rotatably mounted cam that is fixedly secured to an axial alignment with a four-way valve that in turn controls the flow of water into and out of the machine. The fill tubes are capped by end plug members having specific sealing and piston is slidably mounted for reciprocating movement within each fill tube to effect vending of a precise volume of purified water. The previous study and the present study being undertaken are closely related since both studies show the use of a coin but they differ on the method of dispensing and on the type of fluid being dispensed since the present study vends hot coffee mixtures.

9. Methodology

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The research methodology will start with the data gathering procedure. On this stage, the acceptability of the project, in terms of convenience and efficiency, on the consumers’ point of view and the price consumers are willing to pay for the commodity will be examined.

We will be providing survey questionnaires to twenty randomly-selected people. The questionnaire will bear the necessary questions sufficient to answer the aforementioned questions regarding the variables being examined.

Since this machine will be having four major parts namely; heaters, temperature controller circuit, water pumps and coin slot, we will be designing circuits which will enable all these four to work in conjunction with one another. The temperature controller will be designed in such a way where it can maintain the predetermined temperature of the coffee but will minimize its evaporation. The water pumps will be controlled by a time controller circuit to discharge the accurate amount of coffee to be dispensed. And lastly, the coin slot will be designed in such a way where it can determine how much five-peso coins have been dropped therefore activating the circuit that corresponds to the coffee mixture being selected.

Once the circuit design has been completed, the components and the materials to be used in the construction of it will be procured. The availability of the electronic components used in the circuit will also be checked. If the components are available, we will proceed to the machine construction, but if it’s the otherwise, we will design a new circuit which offers the same function as the previous.

After collecting and purchasing all the materials needed, the construction of the machine will follow. The machine will be constructed in a way where minimum space is utilized, while having large storage capacity. Once the machine had been constructed, it will be tested for workability. At this stage, the results of the study will be realized, whether it is a success or a failure.

10. Schedule of Activities

The series of activities which we will be undertaking are programmed on the schedule hereunder specified.

ACTIVITIES |August |September |October |November |December |January |February | |Preparation of Project Proposal Documents | | | | | | | | | |Data gathering | | | | | | | | | |Circuit Design | | | | | | | | | |Checking the availability of materials | | | | | | | | | |Procurement of materials | | | | | | | | | |Machine/Circuit

Construction | | | | | | | | | | |Machine Workability Test | | | | | | | | | |Documentation | | | | | | | | | |Submission of the project | | | | | | | | | |

11. References

Hart, J. (1983). Purified Water Dispensing Machine. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from

Ushikibo, K. (1986). Automatic Vending Machine. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from

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