Annotated Bibliography - Purdue University



Virona Abd El-Shahid, Kristin Mahan, Andy Cole

Brain McCammack

English 106

8 November 2005

Annotated Bibliography

Bryan, Glenn A., and Thomas W. Whipple “Tuition Elasticity of the Demand for

Higher Education among Current Students: A Pricing Model.” The Journal of Higher Education Vol. 66. No. 5 (1995): 560-574. Oct. 27, 2005.

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Glenn A. Bryan, a doctoral candidate, and Thomas W. Whipple, a professor in the Marketing Department at James J. Nance College of Business Administration, Cleveland State University, based their research on the current students (at the time of the study) at Mount Vernon Nazarene College in Ohio. Bryan and Whipple take into account the perspective of the college students and their response to an increase in tuition without an increase in financial aid. The authors discuss how the price of tuition is determined. They believe it should be based on a price that “retains current students, attracts new students, and provides adequate revenues to cover cost.” To finish their research, Bryan and Whipple create a price model displaying the relationship between enrollment and tuition. Bryan and Whipple address themselves to the scholar. Their article provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as educated adults. The information presented is useful to the researcher of tuition costs and could be very informative to future students of Purdue or any other university across the nation.

Casse, Daniel, and Bruno V. Manno “The Cost and Price of College and the Value

of Higher Education.” Academic Questions, 1998. 11.4: 38-55.

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Daniel Casse, a senior director of the White House Writers Group, and Bruno V. Manno, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a former executive director of the National Commission on the Cost of Higher Education, based their conclusions on a number of previously written articles and journals. The two conclude that there is a considerable difference between “cost” and “price” of going to college. “Cost” refers to initial fees such as tuition and other entry fees institutions charge. “Price” refers to total price, or cost plus living expenses such as food, transportation, and rent. Gordon Winston, a professor of economics at Williams College, argues that no student is asked to pay full price. Casse and Manno’s case, however, illustrates that rising aid increases tuition, concluding that colleges get their money either way. The authors address a general public who plans to attend higher education. This account provides great statistics and rationalizations of common terms used by news and media. Casse and Manno discuss price and cost of higher education on the national level, thus this article also relates to the cost at Purdue University. Their article is useful for informing students at Purdue and at all other institutions about the difference between cost and price, thus showing them what they pay for college education.

Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives. The Rising

Price of a Quality Postsecondary Education: Fact or Fiction: 2002. 2nd ed. Washington: GPO, 2002.

The Committee on Education and the Workforce, U.S. House of Representatives, met to hear testimony on the rising costs of postsecondary education, with Hon. John A. Boehner, chairman of the committee, presiding. The meeting’s purpose is to illustrate what is happening with tuition. The committee members reveal that tuition is rising more than the rate of inflation, and they discuss the factors that cause the rising price of education. In addition, they suggest some ways to make education more affordable for students. The members’ conclusions agree with those in Ronald G. Ehrenberg’s Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much? The information revealed at the committee meeting is presented to scholars and can be understood by informed laypersons. This new account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as educated adults. The government document will be useful for illustrating the causes of rising tuition. It is also very beneficial for proving that the cost of education is increasing. Since the committee discusses the issue of rising tuition on the national level, this will help when attempting to illustrate the increase in tuition at Purdue University, which is one of the nation’s public universities. Rising tuition is a big issue at Purdue, and this public document will offer assistance to many Purdue students by suggesting some ways to make college more affordable for them.

Eckstein, Otto. “The Problem of Higher College Tuition.” Rev. of Economics and

Statistics. MIT Press Aug. 1960: 61-72. .

Otto Eckstein, a German-born Harvard economist and developer of large-scale macroeconometric models, based his research on The Review of Economics and Statistics. He presents the pros and cons of rising tuition costs and suggests some ways to lighten the burden on the students. On one hand, the article shows that high tuition strengthens colleges and universities. On the other hand, the rise in tuition discourages many students from applying to colleges. Eckstein also suggests that installment payment (including prepayment and postpayment) is one way to help students pay for their tuition. Eckstein’s conclusions agree with those of the Committee on Education and The Workforce that are revealed in the government document, The Rising Price of a Quality Postsecondary Education: Fact or Fiction: 2002. The article of Eckstein is presented to scholars and is also clear for informed laypersons. This new account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as educated adults. Eckstein’s article will be useful for illustrating both sides of the issue of rising tuition. Because the article discusses the issue of high tuition at all of the nation’s universities and colleges, this will help relate the problem to Purdue University. The article will help explain how high tuitions are beneficial to colleges, and how they negatively affect students who plan on going to college. Because the cost of education at Purdue continues to rise, this article will inform Purdue students about the consequences of the rise in tuition.

Ehrenberg, Ronald G. Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much. Cambridge,

Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000.

Ronald G. Ehrenberg, the Irving M. Ives Professor of Industrial and Labor Relations and Economics at Cornell University, based his research on the economics of higher education and university behavior at Cornell University. He reveals the causes of rising tuition at colleges and universities. The universities need for extra revenue and the high salary of faculty members are two major causes of high tuition that are shown by Ehrenberg’s work. Ehrenberg’s conclusions agree with those in Henry Rosovsky’s The University: An Owner’s Manual. His ideas are also supported by the data collected by the College Board for all higher education institutions in the United States. Ehrenberg’s book is presented to scholars and is clear for informed laypersons. This new account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as educated adults. The book will be useful when trying to explain why college costs are increasing. It will also show the factors behind high tuition. Ehrenberg discusses the issue of high tuition and the reasons behind it for all colleges and universities, thus the information revealed by him will be related to Purdue University. Examples of the causes of rising tuition addressed in this book will help identify the factors of rising tuition at Purdue which students are not aware of.

Middaugh, Michael F. “Understanding Higher Education Costs.” Planning for Higher Education Costs, Mar. /May 2005. 33.3: 5-18.

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Middaugh, assistant vice president for institutional research and planning at the University of Delaware, based his conclusions upon his own research along with recent publications. He concludes that colleges operate with an irreversible “academic ratchet,” a term to describe the shift of faculty away from the goals of a given institution. By doing this, colleges decrease the number of faculty in order for less distraction during their research. Thus, by having world renowned professors and researchers, tuitions and average costs are raised; however, many undergraduates never come in contact with any of these individuals. Middaugh’s standpoint is that undergraduates pay for something they do not receive. The article aims for individuals who are confused when it comes to sorting the information they receive when universities send numbers and prices. This detailed account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as any informed layperson. Middaugh’s article discusses the factors behind high tuition at all institutions of higher education, so the information provided in his journal also relate to Purdue University. This article will be useful for students at Purdue or any other institution because it informs them about the reasons of rising tuition, and it illustrates to

them what they actually pay for.

Moffatt, Maurice P. “A Challenge for Higher Education.” Journal of Educational

Sociology, Nov. 1958. 32.3: 97-102. .

Moffatt, chairman of the Department of Social Studies and Montclair State Teachers College, based his research on documents of his time. He finds that even during the ‘50’s, when the country was recovering from depression, universities were still dramatically raising tuition costs. With a growing number of students attending college to better themselves, universities have to build and add to existing facilities, thus increasing tuition. Colleges also raise their costs in order to meet the needs of students and to improve the technology that they need. Moffatt believes that tuition is going to rise no matter what happens. He writes for students who pay or may soon be paying for higher education to let them know how much they may pay in a few years. This detailed account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as informed laypersons. Since Moffatt’s article discusses the issue of rising tuition at all colleges and universities, the information presented is also connected to Purdue University. His article will be useful when trying to make students at Purdue and many other universities realize that the issue of rising tuition existed many years ago and with the growing need, it will continue to rise. It will also help them predict the rate of tuition increase for the future.

Rusk, James J., and Larry L. Leslie “The Setting of Tuition in Public Higher

Education.” The Journal of Higher Education Vol. 49. No. 6 (1978):531-547.

Oct. 27, 2005. .

James J. Rusk, a planning analyst, and Larry L. Leslie, a professor at the University of Arizona, based their research of setting tuition on fifty different universities across the nation. Rusk and Leslie reveal that the cost of tuition is heavily based on historical practices and the university’s geographic placement in the country. They believe that prices could also be based on the competition among universities located in the same area. Rusk and Leslie address a scholarly audience, but the text could be depicted by an educated adult. This detailed account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as educated adults. Purdue University’s rising tuition is becoming a greater problem each year. This historical research will be extremely useful when showing that the rise in tuition has been an issue at many universities for decades.

Toppo, Greg. “College Graduates See Their Debt Burden Increase.” USA Today 28

Mar. 2005: 7. .

Greg Toppo, an experienced journalist for USA Today, based his research on new studies by the U.S. Education Department on rising tuition. Toppo states that higher tuition causes students to sink into debts. Students borrow more as tuition rises, and they face many challenges repaying the loan they take out. Toppo’s conclusions agree with those of Kaitlin Vanderpool, a reporter for The Purdue Exponent, in his article, Additional Tuition Costs Increase Student Debt. The article is clear for any informed layperson. This new account provides new information that will be of interest to scholars as well as educated adults. Toppo’s conclusions are based on the study of rising tuition at all of the nation’s universities, thus the information in the article is related to Purdue University. The author’s article will be useful when trying to show students at Purdue or any other institution the negative consequences of high tuition on students who are forced to take out loans to afford college education. His article will also help explain that rising tuition has a long term effect on students, since they have to deal with the problem of being in

debt after graduation.

Vedder, Richard. “A Fortune in Tuition.” National Review Vol. 56. No. 19 (2004):38

-40.Oct. 27, 2005. .

Richard Vedder, an economics professor at Ohio University and a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, based this article on his book, Going Broke by Degree: Why College Costs Too Much. He explains that tuition has been increasing for decades, but students are not learning as much. Tuition is also rising due to governmental policies. Vedder believes that universities are using more money on facilities, research, and many things other than educational purposes. Vedder draws the interest of college students, parents, and guardians of those students preparing or already paying for college. Vedder’s conclusions agree with those in Ronald G. Ehrenberg’s Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much? His article provides new information that will be of interest to scholars and educated adults. The article provides clear explanation of the rise in tuition, thus it provides useful information to educated students and adults planning to further their education, such as future students at Purdue University.

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