Figure 4.1 Educational Attainment, by Race and Hispanic ...

Figure 4.1 Educational Attainment, by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1960 to 1998

Completed 4 Years of High School or More 100 Percent of persons 25 years old and over

White Black Hispanic

80

60

40

20

0

(NA)

(NA)

1960 1965 1970

1975 1980

1985 1990 19951 1997 19981

Completed 4 Years of College or More Percent of persons 25 years old and over 25

20

15

10

5

(NA)

(NA)

0

1960 1965 1970

(NA)

1975 1980

1985 1990 19952

NA Not available. 1High school graduate or more. 2College graduate or more. Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 263.

1997

19982

160 Education

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999

Section 4

Education

This section presents data primarily concerning formal education as a whole, at various levels, and for public and private schools. Data shown relate to the schoolage population and school enrollment, educational attainment, education personnel, and financial aspects of education. In addition, data are shown for libraries, computer usage in schools, and adult education. The chief sources are the decennial census of population and the Current Population Survey (CPS), both conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau (see text, Section 1, Population); annual, biennial, and other periodic surveys conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, a part of the U.S. Department of Education; and surveys conducted by the National Education Association.

The censuses of population have included data on school enrollment since 1840 and on educational attainment since 1940. The CPS has reported on school enrollment annually since 1945 and on educational attainment periodically since 1947.

The National Center for Education Statistics is continuing the pattern of statistical studies and surveys conducted by the U.S. Office of Education since 1870. The annual Digest of Education Statistics provides summary data on pupils, staff, finances, including government expenditures, and organization at the elementary, secondary, and higher education levels. It is also a primary source for detailed information on Federal funds for education, projections of enrollment, graduates, and teachers. The Condition of Education, issued annually, presents a summary of information on education of particular interest to policymakers.

The census of governments, conducted by the Census Bureau every 5 years (for the years ending in "2" and "7"), provides data on school district finances and state and local government expenditures for education. Reports published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics contain data relating civilian labor force experience to educational attainment (see also Tables 653, 677, and 684 in Section 13, Labor Force).

Types and sources of data--The statistics in this section are of two general types. One type, exemplified by data from the Census Bureau, is based on direct interviews with individuals to obtain information about their own and their family members' education. Data of this type relate to school enrollment and level of education attained, classified by age, sex, and other characteristics of the population. The school enrollment statistics reflect attendance or enrollment in any regular school within a given period; educational attainment statistics reflect the highest grade completed by an individual, or beginning 1992, the highest diploma or degree received.

For enrollment data starting in October 1994, the CPS used 1990 census population controls plus adjustment for undercount. Also the survey changed from paper to computer assisted technology. For years 1981 through 1993, 1980 census population controls were used; 1971 through 1980, 1970 census population controls had been used. These changes had little impact on summary measures (e.g., medians) and proportional measures (e.g., enrollment rates); however, use of the controls may have significant impact on absolute numbers.

Other sources of data include special studies by the National Center for Education Statistics and annual or biennial reports of education agencies in individual states.

Beginning with data for 1986, a new edit and tabulation package for school enrollment has been introduced. In 1988 a new

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999

Education 161

edit and tabulation package was introduced for educational attainment data.

The second type, generally exemplified by data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the National Education Association, is based on reports from administrators of educational institutions and of state and local agencies having jurisdiction over education. Data of this type relate to enrollment, attendance, staff, and finances for the Nation, individual states, and local areas.

Unlike the National Center for Education Statistics, the Census Bureau does not regularly include specialized vocational, trade, business, or correspondence schools in its surveys. The National Center for Education Statistics includes nursery schools and kindergartens that are part of regular grade schools in their enrollment figures. The Census Bureau includes all nursery schools and kindergartens. At the higher education level, the statistics of both agencies are concerned with institutions granting degrees or offering work acceptable for degree-credit, such as junior colleges.

School attendance--All states require that children attend school. While state laws vary as to the ages and circumstances of compulsory attendance, generally they require that formal schooling begin by age 6 and continue to age 16.

Schools--The National Center for Education Statistics defines a school as "a division of the school system consisting of students composing one or more grade groups or other identifiable groups, organized as one unit with one or more teachers to give instruction of a defined type, and housed in a school plant of one or more buildings. More than one school may be housed in one school plant, as is the case when the elementary and secondary programs are housed in the same school plant."

Regular schools are those which advance a person toward a diploma or degree. They include public and private nursery schools, kindergartens, graded schools, colleges, universities, and professional schools.

Public schools are schools controlled and supported by local, state, or Federal governmental agencies; private schools are those controlled and supported mainly by religious organizations or by private persons or organizations.

The Census Bureau defines elementary schools as including grades 1 through 8; high schools as including grades 9 through 12; and colleges as including junior or community colleges, regular 4-year colleges, and universities and graduate or professional schools. Statistics reported by the National Center for Education Statistics and the National Education Association by type of organization, such as elementary level and secondary level, may not be strictly comparable with those from the Census Bureau because the grades included at the two levels vary, depending on the level assigned to the middle or junior high school by the local school systems.

School year--Except as otherwise indicated in the tables, data refer to the school year which, for elementary and secondary schools, generally begins in September of the preceding year and ends in June of the year stated. For the most part, statistics concerning school finances are for a 12month period, usually July 1 to June 30. Enrollment data generally refer to a specific point in time, such as fall, as indicated in the tables.

Statistical reliability--For a discussion of statistical collection, estimation, and sampling procedures and measures of statistical reliability applicable to the Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics data, see Appendix III.

162 Education

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999

No. 253. School Enrollment: 1965 to 2008

[In thousands (54,394 represents 54,394,000). As of fall]

Year

Total

All levels Public Private

K through grade 8

Public Private

Grades 9 through 12

Public Private

College Public Private

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997, est. . . . . . . . . . . . 1998, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 1999, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2000, proj. . . . . . . . . . .

2001, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2002, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2003, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2004, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2005, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2006, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2007, proj. . . . . . . . . . . 2008, proj. . . . . . . . . . .

54,394 59,838 61,004 58,305

57,916 57,591 57,432 57,150 57,226

57,709 58,254 58,485 59,436 60,267

61,605 62,686 63,241 63,986 64,803

65,674 66,170 67,309 67,871 68,334

68,728 69,040 69,338 69,657 69,942 70,160 70,305 70,351

46,143 52,322 53,654 50,335

49,691 49,262 48,935 48,686 48,901

49,467 49,982 50,349 51,120 52,061

53,356 54,208 54,654 55,245 55,933

56,682 57,161 58,187 58,668 59,065

59,402 59,674 59,923 60,195 60,436 60,611 60,721 60,735

8,251 7,516 7,350 7,971

8,225 8,330 8,497 8,465 8,325

8,242 8,272 8,136 8,316 8,206

8,248 8,478 8,587 8,741 8,869

8,993 9,010 9,121 9,203 9,269

9,324 9,366 9,413 9,461 9,506 9,549 9,584 9,616

30,563 32,558 30,515 27,647

27,280 27,161 26,981 26,905 27,034

27,420 27,933 28,501 29,152 29,878

30,506 31,088 31,504 31,898 32,341

32,759 32,951 33,522 33,722 33,903

34,055 34,124 34,124 33,958 33,756 33,584 33,489 33,455

4,900 4,052 3,700 3,992

4,100 4,200 4,315 4,300 4,195

4,116 4,232 4,036 4,162 4,095

4,074 4,212 4,280 4,360 4,431

4,486 4,545 4,588 4,616 4,640

4,661 4,671 4,671 4,648 4,620 4,597 4,584 4,579

11,610 13,336 14,304 13,231

12,764 12,405 12,271 12,304 12,388

12,333 12,076 11,687 11,390 11,338

11,541 11,735 11,961 12,213 12,500

12,834 13,003 13,270 13,420 13,537

13,643 13,800 13,951 14,263 14,579 14,785 14,854 14,746

1,400 1,311 1,300 1,339

1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,362

1,336 1,247 1,206 1,193 1,137

1,125 1,163 1,191 1,236 1,269

1,297 1,322 1,339 1,354 1,366

1,376 1,392 1,407 1,439 1,471 1,491 1,498 1,488

3,970 6,428 8,835 9,457

9,647 9,696 9,683 9,477 9,479

9,714 9,973 10,161 10,578 10,845

11,310 11,385 11,189 11,134 11,092

11,090 11,208 11,395 11,525 11,626

11,705 11,751 11,849 11,975 12,101 12,242 12,378 12,534

1,951 2,153 2,350 2,640

2,725 2,730 2,782 2,765 2,768

2,790 2,793 2,894 2,961 2,974

3,049 3,103 3,116 3,145 3,169

3,210 3,143 3,194 3,233 3,263

3,287 3,303 3,335 3,374 3,415 3,461 3,502 3,549

Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual, and Projections of Education Statistics, annual.

No. 254. School Expenditures, by Type of Control and Level of Instruction in Constant (1997-98) Dollars: 1960 to 1998

[In millions of dollars (131,342 represents $131,342,000,000). For school years ending in year shown. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools include current expenditures, interest on school debt, and capital outlay. Data deflated by the Consumer Price Index, wage earners, and clerical workers through 1975; thereafter, all urban consumers, on a school year basis (supplied by the National Center for Education Statistics). See also Appendix III]

Year

Total

Elementary and secondary schools

Total

Public Private 1

Colleges and universities

Total

Public Private 1

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996, prel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997, prel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998, est. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131,342 293,123 339,348 345,070

378,726 400,554 424,554 437,542 462,947 485,990

498,390 506,716 517,563 527,909

541,898 554,382 569,478 583,800

92,000 184,899 215,000 214,929

228,467 240,494 254,755 262,490 279,434 294,211

300,652 305,741 311,324 318,033

325,188 333,127 341,992 351,300

85,945 174,195 202,508 199,928

209,504 220,874 233,962 241,127 257,546 271,028

277,100 282,101 287,039 293,476

300,024 307,374 315,732 324,300

6,055 10,704 12,492 15,001

18,962 19,620 20,793 21,362 21,887 23,183

23,552 23,640 24,285 24,557

25,163 25,753 26,260 27,000

39,342 108,223 124,348 130,141

150,259 160,059 169,799 175,052 183,513 191,779

197,739 200,974 206,239 209,875

216,710 221,256 227,486 232,500

21,488 69,510 84,214 86,324

97,420 104,148 108,405 111,501 116,252 122,779

126,132 127,171 130,698 132,269

137,209 138,975 142,497 145,500

17,854 38,713 40,134 43,817

52,839 55,911 61,394 63,551 67,261 69,001

71,607 73,804 75,541 77,606

79,501 82,281 84,989 87,000

1 Estimated.

Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest Education Statistics, annual.

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999

Education 163

No. 255. School Enrollment, Faculty, Graduates, and Finances, With Projections: 1990 to 2008

[As of fall, except as indicated (46,448 represents 46,448,000)]

Item

Unit

1990

1995

1997, est.

1998, proj.

2000, proj.

2005, proj.

2008, proj.

ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS

School enrollment, total . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Kindergarten through grade 8 . . . . . 1,000. . . Grades 9 through 12 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

46,448 33,973 12,475

50,540 36,772 13,769

51,821 37,495 14,324

52,718 38,110 14,608

53,445 38,543 14,902

54,426 38,376 16,050

54,268 38,034 16,234

Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Kindergarten through grade 8 . . . 1,000. . . Grades 9 through 12 . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

41,217 29,878 11,338

44,840 32,341 12,500

45,953 32,951 13,003

46,792 33,522 13,270

47,439 33,903 13,537

48,335 33,756 14,579

48,201 33,455 14,746

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Kindergarten through grade 8 . . . 1,000. . . Grades 9 through 12 . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

5,232 4,095 1,137

5,700 4,431 1,269

5,867 4,545 1,322

5,927 4,588 1,339

6,006 4,640 1,366

6,091 4,620 1,471

6,067 4,579 1,488

Enrollment rate: 5 and 6 year olds . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . 7 to 13 year olds . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . 14 to 17 year olds . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent .

Classroom teachers, total 1 . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

High school graduates, total 2. . . . . . . 1,000. . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

Public schools: 2 Average daily attendance (ADA) . . . 1,000. . . Constant (1997-98) dollars: Teachers' average salary . . . . . . Dol. . . . . Current school expenditure . . . . . Bil. dol. . Per pupil in ADA . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . .

96.5 99.6 95.8

2,753 2,398

355

2,503 2,235

38,427

39,958 244.0 6,350

96.0 98.9 96.3

2,975 2,595

380

2,548 2,281

41,502

39,484 267.0 6,434

96.5 99.1 96.6

3,103 2,710

394

2,708 2,433

42,924

39,385 281.7 6,563

(NA) (NA) (NA)

3,126 2,728

399

2,751 2,465

43,372

(NA) (NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA) (NA)

3,211 2,802

409

2,875 2,576

43,973

(NA) (NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA) (NA)

3,394 2,963

430

2,985 2,675

44,803

(NA) (NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA) (NA)

3,460 3,022

438

(NA) (NA)

(NA)

(NA) (NA) (NA)

HIGHER EDUCATION

Enrollment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Part time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Part time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

13,819 6,284 3,808 2,476 7,535 4,013 3,521

14,262 6,343 3,807 2,535 7,919 4,321 3,598

14,350 6,239 3,667 2,572 8,111 4,424 3,687

14,590 6,324 3,718 2,606 8,266 4,562 3,704

14,889 6,442 3,816 2,626 8,447 4,727 3,720

15,516 6,684 4,010 2,674 8,833 5,075 3,758

16,083 6,906 4,182 2,724 9,177 5,380 3,797

Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Four-year institutions . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Two-year institutions . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

10,845 5,848 4,996

11,092 5,815 5,278

11,207 5,863 5,344

11,395 5,969 5,426

11,626 6,114 5,512

12,101 6,413 5,688

12,534 6,670 5,864

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Four-year institutions . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Two-year institutions . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

2,974 2,730

244

3,169 2,955

215

3,143 2,914

229

3,195 2,961

234

3,263 3,024

239

3,415 3,165

250

3,549 3,288

260

Undergraduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Graduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . First-time professional . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

11,959 1,586

273

12,232 1,732 298

12,357 1,716 277

12,600 1,716 273

12,915 1,706 269

13,511 1,728

278

14,045 1,752 286

Full-time equivalent . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

9,983 7,558 2,425

10,335 7,752 2,583

10,346 7,799 2,547

10,554 7,959 2,595

10,829 8,168 2,661

11,401 8,593 2,809

11,910 8,974 2,937

Faculty, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

817

932

936

952

947

(NA)

(NA)

Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

574

657

664

675

673

(NA)

(NA)

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

244

275

273

277

274

(NA)

(NA)

Degrees conferred, total 2 . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Associate's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Bachelor's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Master's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . Doctorate's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . First-professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . .

2,025 482

1,095 337 39 72

2,248 555

1,165 406 45 77

2,222 520

1,172 406 45 78

2,226 528

1,166 410 46 76

2,254 543

1,173 418 47 73

2,368 565

1,243 438 49 73

(NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Full-time equivalents. 2 For school year ending June the following year.

Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual, and Projections of Educational Statistics, annual.

164 Education

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download