AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based - College Board

2018

AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based

Free-Response Questions

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Protonmass, mp Neutronmass, mn Electronmass, me

Speedoflight, c

AP? PHYSICS 1 TABLE OF INFORMATION

CONSTANTSANDCONVERSIONFACTORS

1.67 1027 kg 1.67 1027 kg 9.11 1031 kg

3.00 108 m s

Electronchargemagnitude, e

Coulomb'slawconstant, k

Universalgravitational constant,

G

Accelerationduetogravity atEarth'ssurface,

g

1.60 1019 C 1 4pe0 9.0 109 Nm2 C2 6.67 1011 m3 kgs2

9.8 m s2

meter, m UNIT kilogram, kg SYMBOLS second, s

ampere, A

kelvin, K hertz, Hz newton, N joule, J

watt, coulomb,

volt, ohm,

W degreeCelsius, C C V

W

PREFIXES

Factor Prefix Symbol

1012

tera

T

109

giga

G

106

mega

M

103

kilo

k

102

centi

c

103

milli

m

106 micro

m

109

nano

n

1012

pico

p

VALUESOFTRIGONOMETRICFUNCTIONSFORCOMMONANGLES

q

0

30

37

45

53

60

90

sin q

0

12

3 5 2 2 4 5 3 2

1

cosq

1

3 2 4 5 2 2 3 5 1 2

0

tan q

0

3 3 3 4

1

4 3

3

Thefollowingconventionsareusedinthisexam. I. Theframeofreferenceofanyproblemisassumedtobeinertialunless otherwisestated. II. Assumeairresistanceisnegligibleunlessotherwisestated.

III. Inallsituations,positiveworkisdefinedasworkdoneonasystem. IV. Thedirectionofcurrentisconventionalcurrent:thedirectioninwhich

positivechargewoulddrift. V. Assumeallbatteriesandmetersareidealunlessotherwisestated.

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AP? PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS

MECHANICS

?x ?x0 axt

x

x0

?x0 t

1 2

axt2

?x2 ?x20 2ax x x0

a

?F

Fnet

mm

Ff m Fn

ac

? 2 r

p mv

Dp

F Dt

K

1 2

mv 2

DE W Fd Fd cosq

P

DE D t

q

q0

w0t

1 2

at2

w w0 at

x Acos2p ft a ?t tnet

II

t rAF rF sinq

a = acceleration A = amplitude d = distance E = energy f = frequency F = force I = rotationalinertia K = kineticenergy k = springconstant L = angularmomentum = length m = mass P = power p = momentum r = radiusorseparation T = period t = time U = potentialenergy V = volume v = speed W = workdoneonasystem x = position y = height a = angularacceleration m = coefficientoffriction

q = angle r = density

t = torque w = angularspeed

DUg mg Dy

T

2p w

1 f

L Iw

DL t Dt

K

1 2

I

w 2

Fs

k x

Us

1 2

kx 2

Ts

2p m k

Tp

2p g

Fg

G

m1m2 r 2

g Fg m

r m V

UG

Gm1m2 r

FE

k

q1q2 r 2

I

Dq D t

R

r A

I

D V R

P I DV

Rs ? Ri

i

? 1

1

Rp

i Ri

ELECTRICITY

A = area F = force I = current = length P = power q = charge R = resistance r = separation t = time V = electricpotential r = resistivity

l v f

WAVES

f = frequency v = speed l = wavelength

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

Rectangle A bh

Triangle

A

1 2

b h

Circle

A pr2 C 2pr

A =area C =circumference V =volume S =surfacearea b =base h =height =length w =width r =radius

Rectangularsolid V wh

Cylinder

V pr2 S 2pr 2pr2

Sphere

V

4 3

pr3

S 4pr2

Righttriangle c2 a2 b2 sinq a c cosq b c tanq a b

c

a

q

90?

b

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2018 AP? PHYSICS 1 FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS PHYSICS 1

Section II Time--1 hour and 30 minutes

5 Questions Directions: Questions 1, 4, and 5 are short free-response questions that require about 13 minutes each to answer and are worth 7 points each. Questions 2 and 3 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer and are worth 12 points each. Show your work for each part in the space provided after that part.

1. (7 points, suggested time 13 minutes) A spacecraft of mass m is in a clockwise circular orbit of radius R around Earth, as shown in the figure above. The mass of Earth is M E . (a) In the figure below, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the spacecraft. Each force must be represented by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away from, the spacecraft.

(b) i. Derive an equation for the orbital period T of the spacecraft in terms of m, ME , R, and physical constants, as appropriate. If you need to draw anything other than what you have shown in part (a) to assist in your solution, use the space below. Do NOT add anything to the figure in part (a). ii. A second spacecraft of mass 2m is placed in a circular orbit with the same radius R. Is the orbital period of the second spacecraft greater than, less than, or equal to the orbital period of the first spacecraft? ____ Greater than ____ Less than ____ Equal to Briefly explain your reasoning.

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2018 AP? PHYSICS 1 FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

(c) The first spacecraft is moved into a new circular orbit that has a radius greater than R, as shown in the figure below.

Is the speed of the spacecraft in the new orbit greater than, less than, or equal to the original speed? ____ Greater than ____ Less than ____ Equal to Briefly explain your reasoning.

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