Www.whiteplainspublicschools.org



Wednesday January 11th: Day 5YWBAT … explain the difference between a formal academic voice/register and an informal voice/register.change informal writing into academic writing by following the rules of formal register.Do Now:Take out your binder and open to the “Writing” Section.Take out your highlighter (or a pen).Homework: Continue to read the book – You must finish Curious Incident before the test on Thursday January 19th. Continue to study vocabulary and literary terms!Name and Date: _______________________Mrs. DeMella / English 2R“Essays and Writing”Informal Writing StyleColloquial?– Informal writing is similar to a spoken conversation.? Informal writing may include slang, figures of speech/clichés, broken syntax (sentence fragments), and so on.? Informal writing takes a personal tone as if you were speaking directly to your audience (the reader). You can use the first person point of view (I, me, us, and we), and you are likely to address the reader using second person (you and your).Simple?– Short sentences are acceptable and sometimes essential to making a point in informal writing. There may be incomplete sentences or ellipses (…) to make points. You may also use parentheticals to add information.Contractions and Abbreviations?– Words are likely to be simplified using contractions (for example, I’m, doesn’t, couldn’t, it’s), symbols (&) and abbreviations (e.g. TV, photos, etc., lol) whenever possible.Empathy and Emotion?– The author can show empathy towards the reader regarding the complexity of a thought and help them through that complexity. Formal Writing StyleComplex?– Longer and grammatically correct sentences are likely to be more prevalent (common) in formal writing. You need to be as thorough as possible with your approach to each topic when you are using a formal style. Each main point needs to be introduced, elaborated (explained) and concluded. Proper punctuation must be used, and rules must be followed.Objective?– State main points confidently and offer full support arguments, including textual citations (evidence). A formal writing style shows a limited range of emotions and avoids emotive (emotional) punctuation such as exclamation points (!), ellipsis (…), etc., unless they are being cited from another source.Full Words?– No contractions should be used to simplify words (in other words use "It is" rather than "It's").? Abbreviations must be spelt out in full when first used, the only exceptions being when the acronym is better known than the full name (BBC or NATO for example). Numbers 1-9 must be written in words/letters.Third Person?– Formal writing is not a personal writing style.? The formal writer is disconnected from the topic and does not use the first person point of view (I, me, or us, we) or second person (you).IN SUMMARY:DO NOT USE SLANG (the use of informal words and/or expressions that are not considered standard) or COLLOQUIALISMS (words or phrases common in conversational speech, but not acceptable in formal writing) IN ANY FORMAL WRITING. These vary from place to place and time to time. Different subcultures also have different slang.ALSO: remember not to use any contractions in formal writing, and write numbers one to ten in words NOT numerals.cannot NOT can’t * one NOT 1do not NOT don’t* five NOT 5Finally: Do NOT use personal pronouns (I, me, us, we, you, you’re) or personal/emotional language or punctuation. Instead, use third person (he, she, him, her, person, people, one) and unemotional language and punctuation.Examples:I think there should be more gun control! These shootings are terrible! (informal)The government must pass comprehensive gun control legislation in order to minimize shooting deaths. (formal)I love ice cream and I bet you do too! (informal)Ice cream is a popular form of refreshment for people around the world, especially during the summer season. (formal)Examples of SLANG/COLLOQUIALISMSPractice: Can you make them formal? Work with your partner to make these formal.It’s open 24/7. _____________________________________________________________________They cut a deal._____________________________________________________________________He’s a has-been._____________________________________________________________________He was put in the slammer._____________________________________________________________________Her character is a real goody two shoes._____________________________________________________________________He tells the antagonist to hit the road._____________________________________________________________________He needs to blow off steam._____________________________________________________________________He zoned out in class._____________________________________________________________________I feel knackered and need a kip. (This is British colloquialism, and therefore likely not understandable to you!)_____________________________________________________________________She’s really into him._____________________________________________________________________He plays a wicked game of tennis._____________________________________________________________________Myra has got to go to Memphis for a week._____________________________________________________________________Give him a break. He’s just a kid._____________________________________________________________________MORE PRACTICE: Change the following so that they are intended for a formal audience – use a formal tone. Correct only the informal parts of the sentences, but some may need to be rewritten.Cynthia Larson sure knows her stuff. She has been considered an expert in her field for the past 9 years.The crowd was really into watching the fire eating juggler, but then the dancing horse caught their eye.As soon as human resources checks out his resume, we are gonna hear gales of laughter coming from the office.Having something funny to say seems awfully important in our culture. I think the chef has a nice way with lots of foods.Normal human beings can’t deal with too much stressful stuff.The world hasn’t got much time to stop polluting; soon, we’re all gonna hafta wear face masks.If you want a good cheesecake, you must make a top-notch crust.International organizations should try and cooperate on global issues like hunger. The environmentalists aren’t in it for the prestige; they really care about protecting animals, and you should, too!Use this cheat sheet to recognize things to avoid when writing formal documents.AvoidReplace withThe ampersand symbol: &The word “and”YeahYesSlang words and colloquialisms, such as “cool” and “dude” (see additional colloquialisms cheat sheet below)More formal languageContractions, e.g. “can’t,” “don’t,” “won’t,” etc.The words’ full forms: “cannot” for “can’t,” “do not” for “don’t”Personal pronouns: “You should sleep eight hours each night”; “I think Professor James is correct.”Impersonal pronouns: “One should sleep eight hours each night”; “Professor James is correct.”Starting a sentence with coordinating conjunctions (“and,” “so,” “but,” “or”)Compound sentences or transitional adverbs, such as “additionally,” “therefore,” “alternatively,” and “nevertheless”Clichés or overused phrases (“as strong as an ox,” “as pretty as a picture,” “bought for a song,” etc.)Literal descriptionsStarting a letter or document by giving commands or telling what the paper will discuss (“This paper is going to talk about global warming.”)An intro to your topic: “Global warming can now be described as a 21st century problem.”Vague words, such as “a few,” “enough,” or “a little”More specific descriptions. How many is a few, or how much is enough?Colloquial Word/PhraseMore Formal AlternativeAnybodyAnyoneBecauseAsBigLarge or greatFor sureWith certaintyGetReceive; understand (depending on usage)GotHaveIntroducePresentKind of/sort ofType ofLetAllow, permitMa’amMadamMostAlmostOn the other handConversely, by contrastSoBecause, very (depending on usage)Verbs – Informal & FormalInformalFormalsay sorryapologize, apologisego upincreasego downdecreaseset upestablishlook atexamineblow upexplodefind outdiscoverbring aboutcauseput offpostpone, delayrack upaccumulatemake upfabricatestand forrepresentfind outdiscover, ascertainleave outomitpoint outindicatego againstopposeget in touch withcontactIt’s aboutIt concerns, It’s in regards toneed torequiredthink aboutconsidergetobtainput uptoleratedeal withhandleseemappearshowdemonstrate, illustrate, portraystartcommencekeepretainfreereleaseget on someone’s nervesbotherring upcallshow uparriveletpermitfill insubstitute, informblockunderminegive the go ahead, greenlightauthorize, authoriseTransitions – Informal & FormalInformalFormalAnywaysNeverthelessPlus/AlsoMoreover/ FurthermoreButHoweverSoTherefore/ThusAlsoIn addition, AdditionallyASAPas soon as possible/at your earliest convenienceOkay, OKacceptableIn the meantimeIn the interimI thinkIn my opinion,In the end,FinallyTo sum upIn conclusion,In a nutshell/BasicallyTo summarize,Anyway,NotwithstandingAll rightAcceptableWell,To top it all off,On top of it all,In order toEmphasis Words – Informal & FormalInformalFormallots of/ a lot ofmuch, manytons of, heaps oflarge quantities of, a number oftotallycompletely, stronglyreally, verydefinitelyLetter Expressions – Informal & FormalInformalFormalHi Robert,Dear Sir or MadamJust wanted to let you know…I am writing to inform you…Love,Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully,Cheers,Yours Truly, Best regards, kind regardsHope to hear from you soonI look forward to hearing from youYou can call me if you need anythingPlease do not hesitate to contact meAbbreviations – Informal & FormalInformalFormalASAPas soon as possibleT.V.televisionphotophotographcellcell phonenetInternetSlang – Informal & FormalInformalFormalkidschildrenbadnegativegoodpositivereally bigconsiderablerightcorrectwrongincorrectsmartintelligentcheapinexpensiveloadedrichThursday January 12th: Day 6YWBAT … explain the difference between a formal academic voice/register and an informal voice/register.change informal writing into academic writing by following the rules of formal register.Do Now:Take out your binder and open to the “Writing” Section.Use the chart at the end of your notes (from yesterday), together with the new chart, to help you complete the short handout.Homework: Continue to read the book – You must finish Curious Incident before the test on Thursday January 19th.Name and Date: _________________________________English 2R / Mrs. DeMellaDO NOW: Change the underlined examples of INFORMAL WRITING to FORMAL WRITING. Use your charts and notes to help you.My mother would not let me go to the party.More formal: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Christopher’s father said he was sorry.More formal: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Please look at the text more closely and think about what the symbol of the rose stands for.More formal: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Name and Date: _________________________________English 2R / Mrs. DeMellaDO NOW: Change the following examples of INFORMAL WRITING to FORMAL WRITING. Use your notes to help you.1. Informal: I think that it's really bad that students have to do so much homework all the time. Formal: 2. Informal: When you look at bacteria through a microscope, it might seem like nothing, but its effects are really bad if you're exposed to it directly. Formal: 3. Informal: When you're thinking about how to solve a geometry problem, that's your cerebrum in action.? It doesn't help you remember things, it also contains your memory, both long-term and short-term. Formal: LESSONHave students complete the do now.Go over the slang examples from yesterday.Have them work in pairs or small groups to complete the final exercise in the packet. If there is time, go over it. Students who finish early can read silently.We can do the extra one and look at the Powerpoint if there is time.GOOD POWERPOINT:Search PowerPoint Formal and Informal Writing download.cfm?id=11574 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download