USI.5 Colonial America Study Guide Information Mrs. Johnson



MRs. Tara JohnsonUSI.5 Colonial America Study Guide Information Mrs. JohnsonThe student will demonstrate knowledge of the factors that shaped colonial America by:Describing the religious and economic events and conditions that led to the colonization of America;Describing life in New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern colonies, with emphasis on how people interacted with their environment to produce goods and services, including examples of specialization and interdependence;Describing colonial life in America from the perspectives of large landowners, farmers, artisans, women, free African Americans, indentured servants, and enslaved African Americans;Identifying the political and economic relationships between the colonies and GREAT Britain. 5th grade History2012-2013The Colonization of America ROANOKE ISLAND-The first English colony to be established in the New World was on the island of Roanoke just off the coast of present day North Carolina. England established the ROANOKE ISLAND colony for economic venture. They hoped to expand trade and increase the nation’s wealth. This colony, however, was plagued by shortages of supplies and unfriendly Indians. England’s hopes for this new settlement ended in 1590 when ships carrying supplies from England arrived to find the colony abandoned and the settlers missing. Four hundred years later, historians still do not agree on what really happened to this “Lost Colony”.Name of ColonyWhere’s it located?Why settle there?Settled by what country?Draw what you learned about colony.JAMESTOWN- England’s next attempt at establishing a colony in 1607 was successful. Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Like the Roanoke colony, it too was established for economic reasons. A group of businessmen called the Virginia Company was granted approval by King James I to settle the new lands across the Atlantic. Under the leadership of Captain John Smith, Jamestown grew and prospered.Name of ColonyWhere’s it located?Why settle there?Settled by what country?Draw what you learned about colony.PLYMOUTH- The next successful English colony was founded by a group of people called the Pilgrims in 1620. They were also called separatists because they wanted to be separate from the Church of England. Being separate meant being disobedient to the king, however, so they decided to leave England in search of a safe place to practice their religion. They set sail for America on a ship called the Mayflower and landed on the shores of what is not the state of Massachusetts. They called their colony Plymouth. Name of ColonyWhere’s it located?Why settle there?Settled by what country?Draw what you learned about colony.MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY- Ten years later a religious group called the Puritans also left England for America. Unlike the Pilgrims, they did not want to be separate from the Church of England. Instead they tried for many years to change it. When they finally realized that change was not taking place, they too began to look across the ocean for a safe place to practice their religion. They escaped religious persecution. Like the Pilgrims before them, they settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. They called their colony the Massachusetts Bay Colony.Name of ColonyWhere’s it located?Why settle there?Settled by what country?Draw what you learned about colony. PENNSYLVANIA- About fifty years later in the 1680s, the colony of Pennsylvania was settled by a group of people called Quakers. The Quakers were not well liked in England, and like the Pilgrims and the Puritans, they set sail across the Atlantic Ocean looking for a safe place to practice their religion without interference.Name of ColonyWhere’s it located?Why settle there?Settled by what country?Draw what you learned about colony. GEORGIA- The last American colony called Georgia was settled almost forty years later in 1733. It was settled by people who had been imprisoned in England for not paying their debts. They came to the New World with hopes of a new beginning and economic freedom. Name of ColonyWhere’s it located?Why settle there?Settled by what country?Draw what you learned about colony.Label the timeline in chronological order with the correct colonies as they were settled. 19050376555Life in the colonies was shaped but the geographical features of the settlements. Colonies became specialized. Specialization is focusing on one or a few products. For example, if you needed a hammer to build a tree house, where would you go? You would probably go to a hardware store like Lowe’s. Lowe’s specializes in building supplies. If you were a settler in the colonies and you needed a horseshoe, where would you go? You would go to the local blacksmith because that is what he specializes in. Let’s say you are the local cobbler, or shoemaker. The blacksmith that just sold you a horseshoe now needs a new pair of shoes. He now pays you a visit. When two or more people depend on each other for goods and services it is called interdependence. Specialization caused the colonies to be interdependent. Terms to know: Resource- something used to produce something elseNatural resources- things that come directly from nature, not manmadeHuman resources- people working to produce goods and servicesCapital resources- goods produced and used to make other goods and servicesManufactured goods- goods made by manSpecialization - the focus on one or a few productsInterdependence – The dependence of two or more people on each other for goods and services. **** Specialization caused the colonists to be interdependent*******People in the three regions of colonial America (New England, Mid-Atlantic & Southern) used the natural, human, and capital resources of their region (area) to earn a living. Now we are going to take the colonies and separate them into 3 common areas called regions. There are three regions of colonial America. There are the New England region, the Mid-Atlantic region, and the Southern region. The people in the three regions of colonial America used the natural, human and capital resources of their region to earn a living. We are going to look at each of the three regions focusing on what resources they used, what they traded with the other regions, and how each region lived. How did climate, geographic features and other available resources distinguish the three regions from each other?How did people use the natural resources of their region to earn a living?What are the benefits of specialization and trade?How did political and social life evolve?ColoniesGeography & ClimateResourcesSpecializationExamples of InterdependenceSocial/PoliticalNew EnglandAppalachian Mountains, Boston harbor, hilly terrain, rocky soil, jagged coastline. Moderate summers, cold winters.Natural resources: timber, fish, deep harborsHuman resources: skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, shipbuildersCapital resources: tools buildingFishing, shipbuilding, naval supplies, metal tools and equipment.The New England colonies depended on the Southern colonies for crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton, and indigo, and for forest products such as lumber, tar, and pitch.They depended on the Mid-Atlantic colonies for livestock and grains. Villages and churches were centers of life. Religious reformers and separatists.Civic life: town meetings.Mid-AtlanticAppalachian Mountains, coastal lowlands, harbors and bays. Mild winters and moderate climate, wide and deep rivers. Natural resources: rich farmlands, riversHuman Resources: unskilled and skilled workers, fishermen.Capital Resources: tools, buildingsLivestock, grains, fishThe Mid-Atlantic colonies traded with the Southern and New England colonies to get the products they did not produce. The Mid-Atlantic colonies depended on the Southern colonies for tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and forest products. They traded with the New England colonies for metal tools and equipment.Villages and cities, varied and diverse lifestyles, diverse religions.Civic life: market towns.SouthernAppalachian Mountains, Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors and rivers.Humid climate with mild winters and hot summers. Natural resources: fertile farmlands, rivers, harborsHuman resources: farmers, enslaved African AmericansCapital resources: tools buildings. Tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, forest products (lumber, tar, pitch)The Southern colonies depended on the New England colonies for manufactured goods, including metal tools and equipment. They depended on the Mid-Atlantic colonies for grains and other agricultural products not plentiful in the South. Plantations (Slavery), mansions, indentured servants, fewer cities, fewer schools. Church of EnglandCivic life: CountiesPeople living in colonial America & their social positionsLarge LandownerLived predominately in the SouthRelied on indentured servants and/or enslaved African Americans for laborSome were educatedHad rich social cultureDraw the Large Landowner:FarmersWorked the land according to the region (area)Relied on family members for labor.Draw the Farmers:ArtisansWorked as craftsmen in towns and on plantationsCraftsmen = __________________Lived in small villages and cities. Draw the Artisans:WomenWorked as caretakers, house-workers, homemakersWere NOT allowed to voteHad few opportunities for getting an education.Draw the Women:Free African AmericansWere able to own landHad economic freedom and could work for pay and decide how to spend their money.Were NOT allowed to voteDraw the Free African AmericansIndentured ServantsWere men and women who did not have money for passage to the colonies and who agreed to work without pay for the person who paid for their passageWere free at the end of their contractDraw the Indentured Servants:Enslaved African AmericansWere captured in the native Africa and sold to slave traders, then were shipped to the colonies where they were sold into slaveryWere owned as property for life without any rightsWere often born into slavery (Children of enslaved African Americans were born into slavery)Draw the Enslaved African AmericansRelationships between Colonies & Great BritainHow did Great Britain impose political and economic control over the colonies? Economic RelationshipsGreat Britain imposed strict control over tradeGreat Britain taxed the colonies after the French & Indian War.The colonies traded raw materials for goods made by Great Britain.Political RelationshipsColonists had to obey British laws, which were enforced by governors.Colonial governors were appointed by the King or by the proprietor.A colonial legislature made laws for each colony but was monitored by the colonial governor.England became Great Britain in the early 1700s.Great Britain established and attempted to maintain control over the colonies. Economic RelationshipsPolitical Relationships*England imposed strict control over trade*Colonists had to obey English laws that were enforced by governors*England taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War*Colonial governors were appointed by the king or by the proprietor*Colonies traded raw materials for goods*Colonial legislatures made laws for each colony and were monitored by colonial governors.Vocabulary to know: Economic venture – a plan to make moneySeparatist – a group of people who want to be separate from the Church of England to practice their own religion freely.Religious persecution- being hurt or teased for your ways of worshipping God.Quakers – a religious group who is peace lovingInterference – something getting in the wayDebtor – a person who owes moneyNew World – North AmericaReflected – to bring back, to mirrorSocial life – living together and enjoying life with other peopleTerrain – look of the landCivic life – how citizens make their laws, vote, take part in governmentDiverse – varied, differentPiedmont – a geographic area at the foot of the mountains, it literally means foot of the mountains.Predominately – mostlyCaretaker – a person that takes care of another personPassage – a tripRaw materials – natural resources that are not yet made into anything such as cut trees or coal that has been mined. Political – having to do with the governmentAppoint – to put into a jobLegislature – a group of people who make laws ................
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