Chromatographic Theory - UMass
嚜澧EE 772 Lecture #13
10/23/2014
Updated: 23 October 2014
Print version
CEE 772:
Instrumental Methods in
Environmental Analysis
Lecture #13
Gas Chromatography: Basic Chromatographic
Theory
(Skoog, Chapt. 26, pp.674坼696)
(Harris, Chapt. 238)
(646-667)
David Reckhow
CEE 772 #13
1
Chromatographic Theory
? References:
每 Skoog, Principles of Instrumental Analysis
? 1985 (3rd ed): parts of Chapter 25
? 1991 (4th ed): parts of Chapter 25
? 1998 (5th ed): parts of Chapter 26
David Reckhow
CEE 772 #13
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1
CEE 772 Lecture #13
10/23/2014
Chromatography basics
? The basis for gas chromatography is the distribution
of a sample between 2 phases, namely a stationary
phase and a gas phase
? Gas Chromatography
每 A technique for separating volatile substances by
partitioning between the vapor phase and a dissolved or
solid phase
? Gas坼Liquid Chromatography 坼坼坼坼坼 Stationary phase is a liquid.
? Gas坼Solid Chromatography 坼坼坼坼坼坼 Stationary phase is a solid.
David Reckhow
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Components of a Chromatographic System
? Source of Carrier Flow (mobile phase)
每 Cylinder of carrier gas or solvent bottles
?
?
?
?
Injection port (sample inlet)
Column with stationary phase
Detector(s)
Signal Transducers & Data Analyzers
每 Recorders, integrators
每 Computers for library matching
? Controllers
每 Temperature controls for injectors, columns and detector
每 Flow controllers and pressure regulators
David Reckhow
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2
CEE 772 Lecture #13
10/23/2014
A Gas Chromatograph
Three Heated Zones
Injector
Detector
Carrier
Gas
Column Oven
Data System
Gas Chromatograph
David Reckhow
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David Reckhow
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3
CEE 772 Lecture #13
10/23/2014
The Column
Gas Chromatograph
Fused Silica
Open Tubular Column
Stationary Phase
A
A
Gas
Flow
Column Wall
Mobile Phase
B
B
David Reckhow
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David Reckhow
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4
CEE 772 Lecture #13
10/23/2014
mobile phase
sample
A+B
B
A
B
A
B
A
t1
t2
David Reckhow
t3
B
t4
t5
CEE 772 #13
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LLE & Chromatography
Solvent Extraction:
Organic
phase
Aorg
Aqueous
phase
Aaq
Aaq
Aorg K =
Am
As
[A]org
[A]aq
Chromatography:
Mobile
phase
Am
Stationary
phase
As
David Reckhow
K=
A = Analyte
C = Concentration of analyte
m = mobile phase
sCEE
= 772
stationary
phase
#13
Cs
Cm
10
5
................
................
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