Renewable Diesel Fuel - Energy
Renewable Diesel Fuel
Robert McCormick and Teresa Alleman July 18, 2016
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Renewable Diesel Fuel Nomenclature
? Renewable diesel goes by many names:
o Generic names
? Hydrogenated esters and fatty acids (HEFA) diesel ? Hydrogenation derived renewable diesel (HDRD) ? Green diesel (colloquialism)
o Company trademark names
? Green DieselTM (Honeywell/UOP) ? NExBTL? (Neste) ? SoladieselRD? (Solazyme) ? Biofene? (Amyris) ? HPR Diesel (Propel branded product) ? REG-9000TM/RHD
? Not the same as biodiesel, may be improperly called second generation biodiesel, paraffinic biodiesel ? but it is incorrect and misleading to refer to it as biodiesel
2
RD is a Very Broad Term
? Renewable diesel (RD) is essentially any diesel fuel produced from a renewable feedstock that is predominantly hydrocarbon (not oxygenates) and meets the requirements for use in a diesel engine
? Today almost all renewable diesel is produced from vegetable oil, animal fat, waste cooking oil, and algal oil
o Paraffin/isoparaffin mixture, distribution of chain lengths
? One producer ferments sugar to produce a hydrocarbon (Amyris ? more economical to sell this hydrocarbon into other markets)
o Single molecule isoparaffin product
3
RD and Biodiesel
? Biodiesel is solely produced through esterification of fats/oils
? RD can be produced through multiple processes
o Hydrogenation (hydrotreating) of fats/oils/esters
o Fermentation of sugar
o Co-processing with petroleum
o Biomass pyrolysis/hydrotreating o Catalytic upgrading of sugar o Biomass-to-liquids (FT diesel)
No fuel is being produced at commercial scale by these processes, but they are coming in the future
o Biogas-to-liquids (GTL/FT diesel)
4
Identifying RD
? RD is chemically identical to components present in conventional diesel fuel
? Identification can reliably be made through radiocarbon dating
o Method compares amount of fossil carbon with renewable carbon in a sample, per ASTM D6866
o RD100 is 100% renewable (modern) carbon o Petro-diesel contains no radio carbon (fossil carbon) o Method would not differentiate between biodiesel
and RD ? although biodiesel content can be determined using ASTM D7371
? Radiocarbon analysis is relatively expensive and not commonly used in the market today
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