Advantages of Republican System of Government
Type of GovernmentDescriptionCountriesCommunist- Common ownership- Absence of social classCuba, Vietnam, ChinaDemocracyGovernment authority granted by citizens (consent)India, USA, South Africa, Zimbabwe, South Sudan**, MexicoDictatorship- Total power = one person/party- Force used against opponentsSyria, Past: Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini), Japan (Hirohito)MonarchyAbsoluteConstitutionalAbsolute Monarchy:- Ruler inherits power- Divine rightConstitutional Monarchy:- Power shared by Legislature and Monarch (symbolic head)Absolute Monarchy: Lesotho, Saudi Arabia, QatarConstitutional Monarchy: United Kingdom; Netherlands, Spain, CanadaRepublic- Representatives elected by the people- No monarchBolivia, Congo, Afghanistan, Finland, Germany, Israel, Brazil, Panama, RussiaTheocracy- Government controlled by a religious leader (e.g. Caliph)Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vatican CityTotalitarian- Dictatorship- Complete control over all aspects?North Korea, Iraq (under Saddam Hussein), Past: Soviet Union (Stalin)Monarchy ProsDecisions are carried out on his word alone (no fighting or bickering)Clear line of successionCan inspire GREAT loyalty among the people, creating a strong bond to hold a nation together.Monarchy ConsVarying quality of hereditary leaders (a great leader may be followed by one that is not so great)Difficult for a monarch to run a modern nation (the job has become simply too big for just any one but the great monarchs to do well)Dictatorship ProsPower centralized in a single person (more efficient)Complete control of the military and police; can put an end to political unrest and maintain peace and orderDictator ConsDictators can abuse citizens who oppose his ruleCitizens may demand that the dictator return control to elected officials ***This can lead to riots or civil warsTheocracy ProsSingle state-supported religion encourages political and social unity.Ensures that leaders make their decisions in line with their citizens values and beliefsTheocracy ConsMaking sure everyone follows the teaching of one religion can be hard.Citizens who do not believe in the religion of the majority can have their rights abused.Totalitarian ProsAvoids bickering between different political parties.**Makes passing laws and carrying out government programs easier.Totalitarian ConsViews of party members may be very different from the interest of the people as a whole leading to unrest.People with different political views are often completely shut out of the political process. ***They feel their voices are not heard.Constitutional Monarchy ProStability. The head of state is appointed for a very long perdiod of time, usually until she/he abdicates or die. This gives the country more stability in comparison with republics where the head of state changes every few years.Education. In a monarchy, the future head of state is known from?birth, therefore she/he is raised and educated accordingly. Monarchs are usually well prepared for their role and enjoy a priviledged multidisciplinary education.Neutrality. The head of state is not a politician, therefore is not tied to any particular party. She/he?can ensure?neutrality?and balance while in power.No election?cost. In many countries, the?campaign to elect?the head of state can be very expensive. In monarchy, succession has little costs.Less corruption??Advocates of constitutional monarchy claim that knowing you will serve for a life term reduces the risk of corruption, while an elected politician may feel the urge to take advantage of his position knowing it will not last. Presidents may have shorter term goals and incentives, while the monarch may care more about the long term. After all they want their children to inherit the throne and don't want them to have to face a complicated future.?Constitutional Monarchy ConsLack of democracy. The head of state is not elected and inherits the position. The citizen have little to say about who will reign, although in most constitutional monarchies the monarchs needs the approval of the Parliament, and therefore, indirectly of the people this institution represents.Not every monarch is?competent. The head of state may have been prepared to reign, but this does not guarantee that this particular person is suitable and competent for the position. HIstory is full of incompetent, arrongant, tyrannic or careless monarchs.Monarchs are people; therefore have?personal beliefs?and?political preferences, often they are quite conservative. Their views and beliefs may be at odds with those of the majority in their country.?Royal families often have a very?expensive lifestyle.?In addition to the king or?queen, other members of the royalty also receive public salaries and perks. Moreover simply organizing their trips and security is very costly. Although we should keep in mind that presidents and prime ministers in republics?are also costly, sometimes more than monarchs.More corruption??Sometimes justice is permissive with the abuses of royal families. They are somehow protected because it is not in the interest of the country to see their figures delegitimized. However, this also creates an incentive for members of the royal families to abuse sometimes their status.?DemocracyPros:1. Nationalism: Democracy breeds nationalism. It creates an environment her the people are free to coexist with each other and express themselves in a manner that does not infringe on the rights of others.2. Better and equal opportunities: Democracy guarantees that everyone within the confines of the country will be treated equally and will still be free to express their say. This also means that the opportunities will be better and more defined3. Freedom of life: Democracy guarantees certain freedoms that are not always available in other forms of government. The freedom to choose your leaders and to express oneself the way that you want equals freedom of life.4. People’s Choice:?Democracy ensures that the people who are elected into office are elected by the people and are the people’s choice for power. As such, it is easier for the people to practice people during patriotism knowing that the leaders are their choice.5. Change of power:?Democracy allows people to be governed by different people at various periods in time. This means that after a certain period of time, there will be change of power which shall be handed on to someone else.6. Equal and fair justice:?Democracy guarantees that everyone will be accorded equal and fair access to justice at any given time. There will be no discrimination as far as access to justice is concerned.7. People participation:?Democracy allows for people participation. It opens up access to information and how people are governed. It ensures that people are free to determine how they are ruled and how they are governed.8. Term limits: Democracy provides for term limits for all power holders. This allows people to be ruled by different people during certain periods of time.9. Obligation towards citizens: There is a sense of obligation towards the citizenry by the political powers because they have a term limit that limits their stay in power. This ensures accountability to the people.10. Protection of rights:?In a democracy, the rights of the citizens are protected by the state and every citizen is free to live and work whenever they want as long as they do not interfere with other people’s rights.Cons:1. Corruption: Democracy is sometimes associated with mega corruption scandals. This is because in most instances, the people who come to power in a democratic manner know they have a limited amount of time in power and therefore they want to enrich themselves before the time lapses.2. No protection for the common man: The common man is sometimes left for their own machinations as the political elite conspire to eat while they are in power.3. Divide and rule:?In some cases, those in power want to implement the divide and rule kind of arrangement because they want to have total control of power.4. Unfair businesses: Democracy opens up the economy for people to do business as they wish. This may turn out to be a playing ground for people who want to conduct unscrupulous businesses.5. Addiction for power:?Democracy may result in an addiction for power that makes people refuse to let go of power.6. Dynastic politics: Democracy also encourages dynastic politics where dynasties emerge as the only people who can rule.7. Media misuse:?Democracy may sometimes take advantage of the media through corrupt deals and encourage the misuse of information as it reaches the people.8. Lack of justice: In some cases, the minority in a democracy may feel left out of a decision because their wish as not implemented and this causes injustice in this form of government.9. It is time consuming: Democracy can be time consuming especially in cases where the people do not seem to agree on a particular issue.10. It is expensive:?It is quite costly to try and get everyone on board when people do not seem to agree on an issue.RepublicanAdvantages of Republican System of GovernmentThe republican system of government is representative. In other words, representatives are elected to serve the common good and?office holders are elected directly by the people themselves.A republican government is constitutional which means that?everything that is done within the state, is done according to the tenets of the constitution.Having representatives make the laws more efficient which is faster and better.?The people have a say in their government when they delegate power to representatives.Political authority is conferred on rulers and officials through election which makes a republican system of government democratic.?The representatives are responsible to the people so in this case people can be voted out.With law and order operating in the republican system, the rights and liberties of the citizens are protected.Disadvantages of Republican System of GovernmentRepublican systems can be expensive to operate. Elections often require and consume a lot of resources to conduct. This can have an adverse effect in poorer countries.Republican government works best in small communities.Laws made by legislature must pass through certain laid down processes without which they could not?become?laws. As such, conforming to the dictates of the constitution can therefore be time consuming.Republican people ideally cannot be diverse from one another.In a republican system, there are sometimes many political parties contending for the control of the higher echelons of political power which could lead to serious contentions.People in a large diverse republic might get into factions or special interest groups but work against each instead of working for common good.?In republics where the level of education is generally?low, politicians may deceive the mass of the people with sugar-coated words just?to win power. ................
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