Communication in Everday Life: A Survey of Communication 3e



Communication in Everyday Life A Survey of Communication, 3rd EditionSteve Duck, University of Iowa, USA David T. McMahan, Missouri Western State University ISBN: 9781506315164Pub Date: 03-Jan-2017Price: $95 Page Count: 392Availability DatesSample Chapters: Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication, Chapter 6: Culture and CommunicationAncillaries: yes Course Cartridge: noCoursesmart: yes Interactive E-book: noFULL DESCRIPTIONCommunication in Everyday Life: A Survey of Communication, Third Edition?remains the only introductory communication book to explore fundamental concepts, theories, and skills aimed at helping readers apply the material to their personal and professional lives—with a thematic integration of the relational perspective and a focus on demonstrating its direct relevance to their own everyday communication. Readers develop a strong foundation in communication concepts, theory, and research, as well as practical communication skills such as listening, critical thinking, using technology to communicate, understanding nonverbal communication, creating persuasive strategies, and managing group conflict. The highly anticipated?Third Edition?also introduces readers to important emerging areas in communication studies, offering unique chapters on health communication and family communication. Ideal for the digital age, this book provides up-to-date insight into the communication topics central to everyday life and reaches students through its personable and approachable style with direct examples applying communication research to their own lived experiences.KEY FEATURESKEY FEATURESThe book’s?relational approach—and its emphasis on how all communication is fundamentally about relationships—creates cohesiveness between chapters and demonstrates ways that readers can apply book content to their own livesUnique chapters on family communication, workplace communication, health communication,?and?communication in the public arena?make the book a pioneer in the fieldCoverage of relational media and technology?provides readers with examples of how social media and other recent technology influences the way people communicateThe book’s?refreshing and original approach?engages readers with lively, topical examples that challenge them to think more thoughtfully about communication in their own livesClassroom-tested and diverse pedagogical features and photographs?are included throughout each chapter to provide readers with a better understanding of the material and its application in everyday lifeANCILLARY GUIDESAGE coursepacks for Instructors includes:Our content delivered?directly into your LMS?Intuitive, simple format?that makes it easy to integrate the material into your course with minimal effort?Pedagogically robust?assessment tools?that foster review, practice, and critical thinking, and offer a more complete way to measure student engagement, including:Diagnostic chapter?pre tests and?post tests?that?identify opportunities for improvement, track student progress, and ensure mastery of key learning objectivesTest banks?built on Bloom’s Taxonomy that provide a diverse range of test items with ExamView test generationActivity and quiz options?that allow you to choose only the assignments and tests you wantInstructions?on how to use and integrate the comprehensive assessments and resources providedChapter-specific discussion questions?to help launch engaging classroom interaction while reinforcing important contentVideo?resources?that bring concepts to life, are tied to learning objectives and make learning easier?Editable, chapter-specific?PowerPoint??slides?that offer flexibility when creating multimedia lectures so you don’t have to start from scratch but you can customize to your exact needsSample course syllabi?with suggested models for structuring your course that give you options to customize your course in a way that is perfect for youLecture notes?that summarize key concepts on a chapter-by-chapter basis to help you with preparation for lectures and class discussionsAll tables and figures?from the textbook?Student Study SiteSAGE EDGE?FOR STUDENTS?enhances learning in an easy-to-use environment that offers:Mobile-friendly?flashcards?that strengthen understanding of key terms and concepts, and make it easy to maximize your study time, anywhere, anytimeMobile-friendly practice?quizzes?that allow you to assess how much you’ve learned and where you need to focus your attentionA customized online?action plan?that includes tips and feedback on progress through the course and materialsChapter summaries?with?learning objectives?that reinforce the most important materialChapter-specific study questions?that allow you to engage with the materialVideo?resources?that bring concepts to life, are tied to learning objectives, and make learning easierTABLE OF CONTENTS – SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISONCURRENT EDITIONNEW EDITIONPART I. COMMUNICATION FOUNDATIONS 11. An Overview of Communication 3Focus Questions 3 Everyday Communication and the Relational Perspective 3 What Is Communication? 4 Communication Is Symbolic 7 Communication Requires Meaning 8 Social Construction of Meaning 8 Meaning and Context 9 Verbal and Nonverbal Influence on Meaning 9Meaning and the Medium 10 Communication Is Cultural 10 Communication Is Relational 11 Communication Involves Frames 12 Coordinating Interactions 12 Assigning Meanings 12 Perspectives 13 Communication Is Both Presentational and Representational 13 Communication Is a Transaction 14 Communication as Action 15 Communication as Interaction 15 Communication as Transaction 16 Focus Questions Revisited 17 Key Concepts 17 Questions to Ask Your Friends 18 Media Connections 18 2. Histories of Communication 21Focus Questions 21 The Challenges of Writing History 23 The Development of a Discipline 24 The Development of Associations 25 The Emergence of Areas of Study 25 Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism 26 Interpersonal Communication 26 Mass Communication 27Coming Together (Kind of) as Communication Studies 28Troubles in Academic Paradise 28Future of Communication and theRelational Perspective29Approaches to the Study of Communication 30Social Scientific Approach 30Assumptions 31Methods 31Experiments 31Questionnaires/Surveys 31Advantages 32Disadvantages 32Multiple Variables 32Culturally Insensitive 32Restrictive 32Participant Accuracy 32Convenient Samples 33Interpretivist Approach 33Assumptions 33Methods 33Data 34Direct Observation and Participant Observation 34Interviews 34Textual Analysis 35Advantages 35Disadvantages 35Limited Scope of Understanding 35Researcher Accuracy and Perspective 35Time-Consuming 35Critical Approach 36Assumptions 36Methods 36Advantages 36Disadvantages 37Areas of Study and the Relational Perspective 37Communication Education and Instructional Communication 38Communication Theory 38Cultural Communication 38Family Communication 39Group Communication 40Interpersonal Communication 40Media 40Health Communication 41Organizational Communication 41Persuasion 41Political Communication 42Public Relations 42Rhetorical Criticism 42Focus Questions Revisited 44Key Concepts 44Questions to Ask Your Friends 44Media Connections 45PART II. COMMUNICATION SKILLS 473. Identities, Perceptions, and Communication 49??Focus Questions 49Do People Have a Core Self? 52Different Moods 53Different Situations 53Different Relationships 53Different Evaluations 53Identities and Perceptions 54Selecting 54Organizing and Evaluating 55Identities and Communication 55Symbolic Identities and a Symbolic Self 56Transacting Identities Symbolically 57Symbolic Self 57Self-Disclosure 58Self-Description or Self-Disclosure 59Dynamics of Self-Disclosure 59The Value of Self-Disclosure 59Passing on the Onion 60Good, Bad, or Nothing 60Dialectic Tensions 60Identities and Boundaries 61Narratives 62Stories We Tell 62Origin Stories 63Shaping the Stories 63Transacting Identity and Other People 63Altercasting 64 Self as Others Treat You 64 Performative Self 64 Facework 65 Front and Back Regions 65Focus Questions Revisited 66 Key Concepts 66 Questions to Ask Your Friends 66 Media Connections 67 4. Verbal Communication 69Focus Questions 69 How Is Verbal Communication Symbolic? 69 Verbal Communication Involves Meaning 70 Denotative and Connotative Meanings 71 Words and Values 72 God Terms and Devil Terms 72 Verbal Communication Is Relational 73 Verbal Communication Transacts Relationships 73 Relationships Regulate Verbal Communication 73 Relationships and Shared Meanings 74 Conversational Hypertext 74 Verbal Communication Is Cultural 75 Verbal Communication Transacts Cultures 75 Cultures Regulate Verbal Communication 75 Cultural Ways of Talking 76Verbal Communication and Frames 76 Recognizing Frames 77 Ways of Speaking 77 Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames 78 Verbal Communication Is Presentational 78 Telling Stories 78 Giving Accounts 79 Kenneth Burke’s Pentad 79 Elements of the Pentad 80 Ratios of the Pentad 80 Functions of Verbal Communication 81 Influencing Others: Facework and Politeness 81 Facework 82 Face Wants 82 Maintaining Positive Face 82 Politeness Theory 82 Relationships and Everyday Talk 83 Instrumental Func tion 84 Indexical Function 84 Essential Function 84 Focus Questions Revisited 85 Key Concepts 85 Questions to Ask Your Friends 86 Media Connections 86 5. Nonverbal Communication 89Focus Questions 89 What Is Nonverbal Communication? 90 Symbolic 90 Decoding and Encoding 90 Dynamic and Static 91 Guided by Rules 92 Cultural 92 Personal 92Ambiguous 93 Less Controlled 94 Continuous 94 The Functions of Nonverbal Communication 94 Interconnects With Verbal Communication 94 Regulates Interactions 95 Identifies Others 96 Transmits Emotional Information 97 Attitude Toward the Other 97 Attitude Toward the Situation 97 Attitude Toward Yourself 97 Relational Meaning and Understanding 97 Types of Nonverbal Communication 98 Proxemics 98 Territoriality 98Personal Space and Distance 99Proxemics and Everyday Life 100Kinesics 101Posture 101Gesture 101Eye Contact and Gaze 102Vocalics 103Vocalics and Relationships 104Vocalics and Regulation 104Chronemics 105Chronemics and Regulation of Interaction 105Haptics 106Focus Questions Revisited 107Key Concepts 107Questions to Ask Your Friends 108Media Connections 1086. Listening 111Focus Questions 111Why Is Listening Important? 112Listening and Education 112Listening and Career 113Listening and Religion and Spirituality 113Listening and Health Care 113Listening and Relationships 113Listening Objectives 113Active Listening 114Engaged and Relational Listening 115Disengaged Listening 116Engaged Listening for a Transactional World 116Relational Listening 116Recognizing and Overcoming Listening Obstacles 117Critical Listening 120Elements of Critical Listening 121Evaluation of Plausibility 121Evaluation of Source 121Evaluation of Consistency 122Evaluation of Evidence 122Fallacious Arguments 122Focus Questions Revisited 126Key Concepts 127Questions to Ask Your Friends 128Media Connections 128PART III. COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS 1317. Personal Relationships 133Focus Questions 133What Are Personal Relationships? 134Benefits of Personal Relationships 134Relationships and What You Know 135Filtering What You Know 135Evaluating What You Know 135Relationships and Support 135Belonging and a Sense of Reliable Alliance 135Emotional Integration and Stability 136Opportunity to Talk About Oneself 136Opportunity to Help Others 136Provision of Physical Support 136Reassurance of Worth and Value 137Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model 137Talking to Strangers 137Steps in the Relationship Filtering Model 138Appearance 138Behavior/Nonverbal Communication 139Roles 140Attitude/Personality 140Transacting and Maintaining PersonalRelationships 141Composing Relationships Through Communication 141Transforming Relationships 141 Relationship Talk: Direct 142 Relationship Talk: Indirect 142 Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication 143 Prospective Units 143 Introspective Units 143 Retrospective Units 143 Relational Dialectics 144 Contradiction 144 Change 145 Praxis 145 Totality 145 Internal and External Dialectics 145 Coming Apart 146 Symptoms and Sources of Decline 147Deterioration in Communication 147 Destructive Conflict 147 Changes in Evaluative Standards 147 Major Transgressions 147 Inequity 148 Personal Reflection 148 Breakdown Process Model 148 Intrapsychic Process 148 Dyadic Process 150 Social Process 150 Grave Dressing Process 150 Resurrection Process 150 Focus Questions Revisited 151 Key Concepts 152 Questions to Ask Your Friends 152 Media Connections 1528. Family Communication 155Focus Questions 155 Families in Truth and Myth 156 Families as Social Ideals 156 Negative Aspects of Family 157 Families as . . . 158 Families as Frames 158 Family as Structures 158 Families as Communication Systems 160 Structure and Communication 160 Families as Systems 162 Characteristics of Systems 162 Viewing Families as Systems 162 Families in a System of Peer Culture 164Children, Rules, and the Outside World 164 Families as Transacted Relationships 165 Transacting Family Life 166 Authority and Power 166 Norms and Rituals 167 Family Secrets 169 Family Storytelling 169 Information Flow: Kin Keeping and the Communication of News 170 Change and Development in Family Processes 171 Acute Change in Families 171 Long-Term Change in Families 172 Redeployment of Families and Their Communication 173 Families Communicate! 174 Focus Questions Revisited 174 Key Concepts 175 Questions to Ask Your Friends 175 Media Connections 176 9. Groups and Leaders 179Focus Questions 179 What Is a Group? 179 Types of Groups 180 Characteristics of Groups 180 Cohesiveness 181 Avoiding Groupthink 182 Interdependence 182Commitment 183Dealing With Out-Groups 183Group Norms 183Member Roles 184Formal Roles 184Informal Roles 184Task Roles 184Social Roles 184Disruptive Roles 185Group Culture 185Group Development and Decision Making 185Group Decision Making Is About Relationships 187Leadership 188Leadership Styles 189Task Leaders 189Socioemotional Leaders 189Leadership Power 190Formal Power 190Informal Power 190More Types of Power 191Leadership Vision 191Leadership Ethics 192Leadership Is Transacted 192Focus Questions Revisited 193Key Concepts 194Questions to Ask Your Friends 195Media Connections 19510. Communication in the Workplace 197Focus Questions 197Learning About the Workplace 199Socialization About Work 200Metaphors of Organization 200Early Learning About Work 201Going to Work: The Workplace as a Special Frame 202Going to Work: What Is Different, and What Is the Same? 203Performance of Work Identities 204Negotiating Relational and Work Goals 205The Workplace as a Culture 206Organizational Culture and Routines 206Structuration Theory 207Meaning Making 208The Organization and Its Norms 209Frames and Hierarchies: Formal Versus Informal Power209Industrial Time 210Contact With the Public: Customer-Client Relationships 211The Workplace as Relationships 212Relationships as Workplace Challenges 213Legitimate and Illegitimate Organizational Interference inLife 214Spillover From Work Into Daily Life 215Surveillance in an Organization 215The Downside of Good Relationships at Work 216Love, Sex, and Hate in the Workplace 217Favors for Buddies 218You’re My Boss, but You Were My Friend 218Employee-Abusive Communication 219Focus Questions Revisited 220Key Concepts 220Questions to Ask Your Friends 220Media Connections 22111. Health Communication 223Focus Questions 223Patient and Provider Relationships 224Patient-Provider Identities 224How Patients and Providers Communicate 225Improving Patient-Provider Communication 226Benefits of Effective Patient-Provider Relationships 226Satisfaction 226 Adherence to Treatments 226 Physical and Psychological Health 227 Malpractice Claims 228 Social Networks and Health 228 Social Networks and Health and Lifestyles 228 Eating and Exercising With Others 228 Smoking With Others 229 Drinking With Others 230 Social Networks and Support 230 Action-Facilitating Support 230 Nurturing Support 231 Secondary Goals of Social Support 231 Identity Goals of Social Support 231 Relational Goals of Social Support 232Everyday Communication and the Foundation of Social Support 232 Communication Privacy Management 233 Media, Technology, and Health 234 Entertainment Media and Health 235 News Media and Health 235 Advertising Medications 236 Health Communication and the Internet 237 Searching for Information 237 Support 238 Connecting Patients and Providers 238 Focus Questions Revisited 239 Key Concepts 239 Questions to Ask Your Friends 240 Media Connections 240 12. Culture and Communication 243 (Chapter 6 in new edition)Focus Questions 243 How Can Culture Be Identified and Studied? 245 Culture as Structure 245 Cross-Cultural Communication and Intercultural Communication 245 Limitations and Benefits 246 Culture as Transacted 246 Coded Systems of Meaning 247 Structure-Based Cultural Characteristics 248 Context 248 High-Context Cultures 248 Low-Context Cultures 249 Collectivism/Individualism 249 Collectivist Cultures 249Individualist Cultures 250 Time 251 Monochronic Culture 251 Polychronic Culture 252 Future and Past Orientations 252 Conflict 252 Conflict-as-Opportunity Cultures 252 Conflict-as-Destructive Cultures 253 Managing Conflict 254 Transacting Culture 255 Culture Is Embedded Within Your Communication 256 Culture Goes Beyond Physical Location 256 Cultural Groups Are Created Through Communication257 Co-Cultures 257 Speech Communities 257 Teamsterville and Nacirema 258 Cultural Membership Is Enacted Through Communication258 Focus Questions Revisited 259 Key Concepts 260 Questions to Ask Your Friends 260 Media Connections 261 13. Technology and Media in Everyday Life 263Focus Questions 263 Perceptions of Technology and Media 264 Cave Drawings and Other Concerns 264 Every Technology Is Relational 264 Impact of Technology 265 Technological Determinism 265 Social Construction of Technology 265Social Shaping of Technology 266The Relational Uses of Technology and Media 266The Use of Technology and Media Is a Shared Relational Activity 266Technology and Media Inform People About Relationships 267Media Representations Inform About How Relationships Should Look 267Media Representations Inform About How to Behave in Relationships 268Technology and Media Function as Alternatives to Personal Relationships 268Companionship and Relational Satisfaction From the Actual Use of Technology and Media 268Companionship and Relational Satisfaction From Parasocial Relationships 269Technology and Media Are Used in Everyday Talk 270Technology and Media Provide a General Topic of Conversation 270Talk About Technology and Media Impacts Their Value and Understanding 271Talk About Technology and Media Impacts Their Dissemination and Influence 271Talk About Technology and Media Promotes the Development of Media Literacy 271Talk About Technology and Media Influences Identification and Relationship Development 272Talk About Technology and Media Enables Identity Construction 272Cell Phones: Constructing Identities and Relationships 273Constructing Identities Using Cell Phones 274The Meaning of Relational Technology 274Relational Technology and Generations 274Relational Technology and Social Networks 274Technological Products and Service Providers 275Ringtones 275Performance of Relational Technology 275Relating Through Cell Phones 276Constant Connection and Availability 276Boundaries and Closeness 276Shared Experience 277Social Coordination 277Constructing Identities and Maintaining Relationships Online 277Social Networking Sites and the Constructionof Identities 278Friends 278Photographs 279Media Preferences 279Strategic 280Public Disclosure 280Online Communication and Relationships 281Maintaining Relationships and Social Networks 281Explaining the Benefits 282Focus Questions Revisited 284Key Concepts 284Questions to Ask Your Friends 285Media Connections 28514. Public and Personal Influence 287Focus Questions 287Public Address and Relating to Audiences 288Analyzing Audiences 288Relationship With the Speaker 289Relationship With the Issue and Position 289Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values 290Speeches to Convince and Speeches to Actuate 290Speeches to Convince 291Claims of Policy 291Claims of Value 291Claims of Fact and Claims of Conjecture 291Audience Approaches to Speechesto Convince 292Speeches to Actuate 292Sequential Persuasion 292Foot in the Door 293Door in the Face 294Pregiving 295Emotional Appeals 295Fear: Buy This Book and No One Gets Hurt! 297Extended Parallel Process Model 297Guilt: Have You Ever Seen Two Grown Professors Cry? 298Lost Emotions 298Compliance Gaining 299Relational Influence Goals 299Secondary Goals of Compliance Gaining 300Compliance Gaining Strategies 300 Original Typology 301 Contextual Influences 301 Focus Questions Revisited 305Key Concepts 306 Questions to Ask Your Friends 306 Media Connections 306 15. Interviewing 309Focus Questions 309 Preparing for an Interview 310 Cover Letters and Résumés 310 Address Letter to Specific Person 310 Identify the Position 310 Summarize Qualifications and Promote Résumé 311Reaffirm Interest and Request an Interview 311 Sign Off With Respect and Professionalism 311 Résumés 311 Name and Contact Information 312 Career Objective 312 Education and Training 312 Experiences 313 Skills 313 Activities 313 Interviews 313 Characteristics of an Interview 313 Types of Interviews 314 Employment Interviews 314 Performance Interviews 315 Exit Interviews 315 Persuasive Interviews 315 Information-Gaining Interviews 315 Problem-Solving Interviews 316 Helping Interviews 316 Pre-interview Responsibilities 316 Interviewer Responsibilities 317 Review Application Material 317 Prepare Questions and an Interview Outline 317 Gather Materials 317 Begin on Time 318 Interviewee Responsibilities 318 Gather Information 318 Prepare Questions 319Practice 320 Professional Personal Appearance 320 Arrive on Time 320 Bring Materials 321 Turn Off the Cell Phone 322 Beginning an Employment Interview 322 Greeting and Establishing Appropriate Proxemics 322 Negotiating Relational Connection and Tone 323 Establishing Purpose and Agenda 323 Asking the Questions During an Employment Interview324 Primary and Secondary Questions 324 Open and Closed Questions 325 Neutral and Leading Questions 325 Directive and Nondirective Questioning 326 Avoiding Illegal Questions 327 Answering the Questions During an Employment Interview 328 Adjusting the Interview Frame 328 Learning From Successful and Unsuccessful Interviewees330 Answering Common Questions 331 Tell Me a Little About Yourself 331 What Are Your Greatest Strengths? 331 What Are Your Greatest Weaknesses? 331 What Do You Know About This Organization? 331 Why Do You Want to Work Here? 332 What Is Your Ideal Job? 332 Why Do You Want to Leave Your Current Job? 332 What Are Your Expectations in Terms of Salary? 332 Where Do You See Yourself in 5 Years? 333 Why Should We Hire You? 333 Dealing With Illegal Questions 333 Concluding an Employment Interview 334 Interviewer Responsibilities 334 Wrap-Up Signal 334 Summarize the Interview 334 Ask for Questions 334 Preview Future Actions and Schedule 334 Offer Thanks 334 Farewells 335 Interviewee Responsibilities 335Ask Questions 335Reinforce Qualifications and Enthusiasm 335Inquire About Schedule (If Not Provided) 335Offer Thanks 335Farewells 336Post-Interview Responsibilities 336Interviewer Responsibilities 336Assess the Job Candidate 336Assess Personal Performance 337Contact Interviewee 337Interviewee Responsibilities 337Assess the Interview 337Send Follow-Up Letter 338Avoid Irritating the Interviewer 338Focus Questions Revisited 339Key Concepts 340Questions to Ask Your Friends 340Media Connections 340PART I. COMMUNICATION FOUNDATIONS 1Chapter 1 An Overview of Communication 2Focus Questions 3 Everyday Communication and the Relational Perspective 3 What Is Communication? 5 Communication Is Symbolic 7 Communication Requires Meaning 8 Social Construction of Meaning 9 Meaning and Context 9 Verbal and Nonverbal Influence on Meaning 10Meaning and the Medium 10 Communication Is Cultural 11 Communication Is Relational 11 Communication Involves Frames 12 Coordinating Interactions 13 Assigning Meanings 13 Perspectives 13 Communication Is Both Presentational andRepresentational 14 Communication Is a Transaction 15 Communication as Action 16 Communication as Interaction 16 Communication as Transaction 17 Focus Questions Revisited 18 Key Concepts 18 Questions to Ask Your Friends 19 Media Connections 19 Chapter 2 Histories and Contexts of Communication 20Focus Questions 21 The Challenges of Writing History 22 The Development of a Discipline 23 The Emergence of Areas of Study 24 Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism 25 Interpersonal Communication 25 Mass Communication 26Coming Together (Kind of) as Communication Studies 27Future of Communication and the Relational Perspective 28Methods of Studying Communication 28Social Scientific Approach 30Assumptions 30Methods 30Advantages 31Disadvantages 31Interpretivist Approach 32Assumptions 32Methods 32Advantages 34Disadvantages 34Critical Approach 35Assumptions 35Methods 35Advantages 36Disadvantages 36Improving Communication Studies Through the Relational Perspective 37Communication Education and Instructional Communication 37Cultural Communication 37Family Communication 38Group Communication 38Interpersonal Communication 38Media 38Health Communication 39Organizational Communication 39Persuasion 40Political Communication 40Public Relations 41Rhetorical Criticism 41Where Next? 41Focus Questions Revisited 42Key Concepts 43Questions to Ask Your Friends 43Media Connections 43PART II. COMMUNICATION SKILLS 45Chapter 3 Identities, Perceptions, and Communication 46Focus Questions 47Do People Have Core Selves? 49Different Moods 51Different Situations 51Different Relationships 51Different Evaluations 51Identities and Perceptions 52Selecting 52Organizing, Interpreting, and Evaluating 54Identities and Communication 55Symbolic Identities and a Symbolic Self 55Self-Disclosure 57Dynamics of Self-Disclosure 59Narratives 61Transacting Identity and Other People 62Altercasting 63Self as Others Treat You 63Performative Self 64Focus Questions Revisited 65Key Concepts 66Questions to Ask Your Friends 66Media Connections 66Chapter 4 Verbal Communication 68Focus Questions 69How Is Verbal Communication Symbolic? 70Verbal Communication Involves Meaning 71Denotative and Connotative Meanings 71Words and Values 72Verbal Communication Is Relational 73Relationships Regulate Verbal Communication 74Relationships and Shared Meanings 74Verbal Communication Is Cultural 76Verbal Communication Transacts Cultures 76Cultures Regulate Verbal Communication 76Cultural Ways of Talking 76Verbal Communication and Frames 77Recognizing Frames 78Ways of Speaking 79Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames 79Verbal Communication Is Presentational 80Telling Stories 80Kenneth Burke’s Pentad 81Functions of Verbal Communication 83Influencing Others: Facework and Politeness 83Relationships and Everyday Talk 86Instrumental Function 86Indexical Function 86Essential Function 86Focus Questions Revisited 87Key Concepts 88Questions to Ask Your Friends 88Media Connections 89Chapter 5 Nonverbal Communication 90Focus Questions 91Misconceptions About Nonverbal Communication 92Misconception One: 93% of Meaning Comes FromNonverbal Communication 92Misconception Two: Some Nonverbal Communication Is Universally Understood 93Misconception Three: Deception Can Be Accurately Detected Through Nonverbal Communication 93Misconception Four: People Read Nonverbal Communication 94What Is Nonverbal Communication? 94Symbolic 94Decoding and Encoding 94Dynamic and Static 95Guided by Rules 96Cultural 96Personal 96Multichanneled 96Ambiguous 97Less Controlled 97Continuous 98The Functions of Nonverbal Communication 98Interconnects With Verbal Communication 98Regulates Interactions 99Identifies Individuals 99Transmits Emotional Information 100Relational Meaning and Understanding 101Types of Nonverbal Communication 101Environment 101Proxemics 103Personal Space and Distance 105Kinesics 106Eye Contact and Gaze 107Vocalics 109Chronemics 110Haptics 110Focus Questions Revisited 112Key Concepts 112Questions to Ask Your Friends 113Media Connections 113Chapter 6 Culture and Communication 114 (previously chapter 12)Focus Questions 115How Can Culture Be Identified and Studied? 117Culture as Structure 117Culture as Transacted 118Coded Systems of Meaning 119Structure-Based Cultural Characteristics 119Context 120Collectivism/Individualism 121Time 123Conflict 124Transacting Culture 127Culture Is Embedded Within Your Communication 128Culture Goes Beyond Physical Location 129Cultural Groups Are Created Through Communication 129Cultural Membership Is Enacted Through Communication 130Focus Questions Revisited 131Key Concepts 132Questions to Ask Your Friends 133Media Connections 133Chapter 7 Listening 134Focus Questions 135Why Is Listening Important? 136Listening and Education 136Listening and Career 137Listening and Religion and Spirituality 137Listening and Health Care 137Listening and Relationships 137Listening Objectives 138Active Listening 138Engaged and Relational Listening 139Disengaged Listening 140Engaged Listening for a Transactional World 140Relational Listening 141Critical Listening 142Elements of Critical Listening 142Recognizing and Overcoming Listening Obstacles 145Focus Questions Revisited 149Key Concepts 150Questions to Ask Your Friends 150Media Connections 151PART III. COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS 153Chapter 8 Personal Relationships 154Focus Questions 155What Are Personal Relationships? 156Benefits of Personal Relationships 156Relationships and What You Know 157Relationships and Support 158Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model 160Talking to Strangers 160Steps in the Relationship Filtering Model 160Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships 163Composing Relationships Through Communication 164Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication 165Relational Dialectics 166Coming Apart 168Symptoms and Sources of Decline 168Breakdown Process Model 171Focus Questions Revisited 174Key Concepts 175Questions to Ask Your Friends 175Media Connections 175Chapter 9 Family Communication 176Focus Questions 177Families as . . . 178Families as Structures 178Families as Systems 179Families as Transacted Relationships 181Change and Development in Family Processes 184Immediate Change in Families 185Gradual Change in Families 185Families Communicate! 186Focus Questions Revisited 187Key Concepts 188Questions to Ask Your Friends 188Media Connections 188Chapter 10 Groups and Leaders 190Focus Questions 191What Is a Group? 191Types of Groups 192Characteristics of Groups 192Cohesiveness 193Interdependence 194Commitment 195Group Norms 196Member Roles 196Group Culture 198Group Development and Decision Making 198Group Decision Making Is About Relationships 200Leadership 200Leadership Styles 202Leadership Power 203Leadership Vision 204Leadership Ethics 205Leadership Is Transacted 206Focus Questions Revisited 207Key Concepts 207Questions to Ask Your Friends 208Media Connections 208Chapter 11 Communication in the Workplace 210Focus Questions 211Learning About the Workplace 212Vocational Anticipatory Socialization 212Metaphors of Organizations 213Going to Work: The Workplace as a Special Frame 214Workplace Goals 215Workplace Formality/Hierarchy 215Workplace Identities 216The Workplace as a Culture 217Workplace Routine and Structuration Theory 217Industrial Time 219The Workplace as Relationships 219Positive Influences of Relationships at Work 220Relationships and Workplace Challenges 221Focus Questions Revisited 225Key Concepts 226Questions to Ask Your Friends 226Media Connections 226Chapter 12 Health Communication 228Focus Questions 229Patient and Provider Relationships 230Patient–Provider Identities 230How Patients and Providers Communicate 231Improving Patient–Provider Communication 232Benefits of Effective Patient–Provider Relationships 232Social Networks and Health 234Social Networks and Health and Lifestyles 234Social Networks and Support 236Secondary Goals of Social Support 238Everyday Communication and the Foundation of SocialSupport 238Communication Privacy Management 240Media, Technology, and Health 241Entertainment Media and Health 241News Media and Health 242Advertising Medications 243Health Communication and the Internet 244Focus Questions Revisited 245Key Concepts 246Questions to Ask Your Friends 246Media Connections 247Chapter 13 Technology and Media in Everyday Life 248Focus Questions 249Perceptions of Technology and Media 250Cave Drawings and Other Concerns 250Every Technology Is Relational 250Impact of Technology 251The Relational Uses of Technology and Media 253The Use of Technology and Media Is a Shared Relational Activity 253Technology and Media Inform People About Relationships 253Technology and Media Function as Alternatives to Personal Relationships 255Technology and Media Are Used in Everyday Talk 257Smartphones: Constructing Identities and Relationships 260Constructing Identities Using Smartphones 261Relating Through Smartphones 263Constructing Identities and Maintaining Relationships Online 265Social Networking Sites and the Construction of Identities 265Online Communication and Relationships 268Focus Questions Revisited 271Key Concepts 272Questions to Ask Your Friends 272Media Connections 272Chapter 14 Public and Personal Influence 274Focus Questions 275Public Address and Relating to Audiences 276Analyzing Audiences 276Presentations to Convince and Presentations to Actuate 279Sequential Persuasion 281Foot in the Door 282Door in the Face 283Pregiving 284Emotional Appeals 284Fear: Buy This Book and No One Gets Hurt! 286Guilt: Have You Ever Seen Two Grown Professors Cry? 287Lost Emotions 288Compliance Gaining 288Relational Influence Goals 288Secondary Goals of Compliance Gaining 289Compliance-Gaining Strategies 289Focus Questions Revisited 293Key Concepts 294Questions to Ask Your Friends 295Media Connections 295Chapter 15 Interviewing 296Focus Questions 297Preparing for an Interview 298Cover Letters and Résumés 298Résumés 299Interviews 301Characteristics of an Interview 301Types of Interviews 302Pre-Interview Responsibilities 304Interviewer Responsibilities 304Interviewee Responsibilities 306Beginning an Employment Interview 309Greeting and Establishing Appropriate Proxemics 309Negotiating Relational Connection and Tone 310Establishing Purpose and Agenda 311Asking the Questions During an Employment Interview 311Primary and Secondary Questions 312Open and Closed Questions 312Neutral and Leading Questions 313Directive and Nondirective Questioning 314Avoiding Illegal Questions 315Answering the Questions During an Employment Interview 315Adjusting the Interview Frame 315Learning From Successful and Unsuccessful Interviewees 317Answering Common Questions 318Dealing With Illegal Questions 321Concluding an Employment Interview 321Interviewer Responsibilities 322Interviewee Responsibilities 323Post-Interview Responsibilities 324Interviewer Responsibilities 324Interviewee Responsibilities 325Focus Questions Revisited 327Key Concepts 328Questions to Ask Your Friends 328Media Connections 328* What’s New*What’s moved location *What’s removedIf you have any questions, your sales representative is happy to help. 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