Community Banking by the Numbers
Community Banking by the Numbers
The FDIC Community Banking Research Project
FDIC Future of Community Banking Conference
February 16, 2012
1
Outline
? Bank size and long-term industry consolidation ? Defining the community bank for research
purposes ? A snapshot of U.S. community banks ? Structural changes over time ? Performance comparisons over time ? Directions for future research
2
All of the net decline in FDIC-insured institutions since 1985 has come from banks under $100 million.
Number of Institutions 20,000 17,500 15,000 12,500
1985 13,631
2,547 1,289
530 36 18,033
Number of FDIC-Insured Institutions By Size Group
Assets < $100 million Assets $100 million To $250 million Assets $250 million to $1 billion Assets $1 billion to $10 billion Assets > $10 billion
2010 2,625 2,474 1,893
559 107 7,658
10,000
7,500
5,000
2,500
-
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Source: FDIC
3
What happened to the 18,033 federally-insured banks and thrifts that operated at year-end 1985? (By 1985 asset size group)
Still Operating
40% 36.0%
30% 20%
21.8%
10%
12.3%
11.9%
19.4%
0% $10B $1B
Merged
60%
50%
40% 30%
29.5%
20%
10%
0% $10B $1B
Source: FDIC
Failed
25%
20%
18.3%
21.3%
15% 10%
9.9%
12.6%
11.1%
5%
0% $10B $1B
Consolidated Within Company
40%
30% 20%
22.7%
10%
28.7%
24.3%
27.2%
13.9%
0%
$10B
4
What Is a Community Bank?
? Common definition: Total assets < $1 billion
? Size threshold needs to be indexed over time ? Shortcomings:
? Includes some non-community banks ? Excludes some banks that look like community banks
? Needed: A better conceptual definition
? Not purely a function of size ? Associated with basic banking functions of deposit
gathering and lending ? Business within a fairly circumscribed geographic area ? Emphasis on "relationship banking" vs. "transactional
banking"
5
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