A Guide to Culturally Sensitive Care

A Guide to

Culturally Sensitive Care

Second Edition

Developed collaboratively by the California Department of Education and WestEd Sacramento, 2013

WestEd

Infant/Toddler Caregiving

A Guide to

Culturally

Sensitive Care

Second Edition

Edited by Elita Amini Virmani and Peter L. Mangione

Developed collaboratively by the California Department of Education

and WestEd

Publishing Information

Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Culturally Sensitive Care, Second Edition, was developed by WestEd, San Francisco. The publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Elita Amini Virmani and Peter Mangione, WestEd; and Sy Dang Nguyen, Consultant, Child Development Division, California Depart ment of Education (CDE). It was prepared for printing by the staff of CDE Press, with the cover and interior design created by Juan D. Sanchez. The document was published by the California Department of Education, 1430 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814-5901. It was distributed under the provisions of the Library Distribution Act and Government Code Section 11096.

? 2013 by the California Department of Education First edition printed in 1995; reprinted in 2010. All rights reserved

ISBN 978-0-8011-1734-3

Ordering Information

Copies of this publication are available for purchase from the California Depart ment of Education (CDE). For prices and ordering information, visit . cde.re/pn/rc/ or call the CDE Press sales office at 1-800-995-4099.

Notice

The guidance in Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Culturally Sensitive Care, Second Edition, is not binding on local educational agencies or other entities. Ex cept for statutes, regulations, and court decisions referenced herein, the document is exemplary, and compliance with it is not mandatory. (See Education Code Section 33308.5.)

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Prepared for printing by CSEA members

Contents

A Message from the State Superintendent of Public Instruction vi

Acknowledgments vii

About the Authors x

Introduction xi

Section One: Understanding the Social Context of Infant/Toddler Care 1

Chapter 1. Culture and Identity Development: Getting Infants and

Toddlers Off to a Great Start 2

Carol Brunson Day The Beginnings of Identity Development Are in Infancy 2

Dimensions of Identity Development 3

The Role of Culture in Development 4

Cultural Empowerment: Preparing Infant/Toddler Care Teachers for

Competent Practice 5

Culture as a Process 6

Culturally Responsive Practices That Support Identity Development 8

References 10

Chapter 2. Prejudice, Bias, and Inequity in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers 13

Louise Derman-Sparks Societal Inequity and Families 14

What Infants and Toddlers See and Hear in Child Care Settings 14

Socialization in Two Cultures 16

Practicing Culturally Responsive Care 17

Building Blocks of a Culturally Responsive Care/Learning Environment 19

Conclusion 22

Glossary 23

References 24

Chapter 3. Inclusion of Children with Special Needs in Diverse Early

Care Settings 25

Deborah Chen Diverse Perspectives on Disability 25

Differences in Perspectives 27

Understanding Early Intervention Terminology, Eligibility, and Intervention 28

Eligibility for Early Intervention Services 28

Initiating the Early Intervention Process: Making Referrals 29

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Individualized Family Service Plan 33

Teaming with Interpreters 33

Gathering Information from Families 34

Sharing Information with Families 36

Supporting Participation and a Sense of Belonging in the Early Care Setting 36

Person-First Language 37

Universal Design for Learning 37

Teaming with Early Intervention Service Providers 38

Embedding Specific Learning Opportunities in Daily Routines 38

Questions to Guide Practice 39

Conclusion 39

References 40

Section Two: Becoming Informed About Cultural Practices and Cultural

Communities 41

Chapter 4. A Cultural Communities and Cultural Practices Approach to

Understanding Infant and Toddler Care 42

Alison Wishard Guerra and Sarah Garrity Participation in Cultural Practices at Home and in the Early Care Setting 44

Understanding Cultural Communities 45

Understanding Cultural Practices 47

Families and Communities 47

Interactions with Children and Families and Becoming Informed About Cultural

Practices and Cultural Communities 51

Understanding the Classroom or Program as Its Own Cultural Community 52

References 53

Chapter 5. Cultural Sensitivity in Caregiving Routines: The Essential Activities

of Daily Living 56

Janet Gonzalez-Mena Differing Beliefs and Values 56

What Is a Routine? 57

Cultural Differences in Daily Routines: Toileting, Feeding,

and Sleeping/Napping 58

Toileting 59

Feeding Practices 61

Sleeping/Napping Routines 63

Summary 64

References 65

Section Three: Creating Collaborative, Reciprocal Relationships with Families 67

Chapter 6. Developing Culturally Responsive Caregiving Practices: Acknowledge,

Ask, and Adapt 68

Louise Derman-Sparks The Process of Culturally Responsive Care 68

Acknowledge, Ask, and Adapt 72

Identifying Culturally Responsive and Culturally Insensitive Practices 75

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