A Guide to Culturally Sensitive Care
A Guide to
Culturally Sensitive Care
Second Edition
Developed collaboratively by the California Department of Education and WestEd Sacramento, 2013
WestEd
Infant/Toddler Caregiving
A Guide to
Culturally
Sensitive Care
Second Edition
Edited by Elita Amini Virmani and Peter L. Mangione
Developed collaboratively by the California Department of Education
and WestEd
Publishing Information
Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Culturally Sensitive Care, Second Edition, was developed by WestEd, San Francisco. The publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Elita Amini Virmani and Peter Mangione, WestEd; and Sy Dang Nguyen, Consultant, Child Development Division, California Depart ment of Education (CDE). It was prepared for printing by the staff of CDE Press, with the cover and interior design created by Juan D. Sanchez. The document was published by the California Department of Education, 1430 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814-5901. It was distributed under the provisions of the Library Distribution Act and Government Code Section 11096.
? 2013 by the California Department of Education First edition printed in 1995; reprinted in 2010. All rights reserved
ISBN 978-0-8011-1734-3
Ordering Information
Copies of this publication are available for purchase from the California Depart ment of Education (CDE). For prices and ordering information, visit . cde.re/pn/rc/ or call the CDE Press sales office at 1-800-995-4099.
Notice
The guidance in Infant/Toddler Caregiving: A Guide to Culturally Sensitive Care, Second Edition, is not binding on local educational agencies or other entities. Ex cept for statutes, regulations, and court decisions referenced herein, the document is exemplary, and compliance with it is not mandatory. (See Education Code Section 33308.5.)
ii
Prepared for printing by CSEA members
Contents
A Message from the State Superintendent of Public Instruction vi
Acknowledgments vii
About the Authors x
Introduction xi
Section One: Understanding the Social Context of Infant/Toddler Care 1
Chapter 1. Culture and Identity Development: Getting Infants and
Toddlers Off to a Great Start 2
Carol Brunson Day The Beginnings of Identity Development Are in Infancy 2
Dimensions of Identity Development 3
The Role of Culture in Development 4
Cultural Empowerment: Preparing Infant/Toddler Care Teachers for
Competent Practice 5
Culture as a Process 6
Culturally Responsive Practices That Support Identity Development 8
References 10
Chapter 2. Prejudice, Bias, and Inequity in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers 13
Louise Derman-Sparks Societal Inequity and Families 14
What Infants and Toddlers See and Hear in Child Care Settings 14
Socialization in Two Cultures 16
Practicing Culturally Responsive Care 17
Building Blocks of a Culturally Responsive Care/Learning Environment 19
Conclusion 22
Glossary 23
References 24
Chapter 3. Inclusion of Children with Special Needs in Diverse Early
Care Settings 25
Deborah Chen Diverse Perspectives on Disability 25
Differences in Perspectives 27
Understanding Early Intervention Terminology, Eligibility, and Intervention 28
Eligibility for Early Intervention Services 28
Initiating the Early Intervention Process: Making Referrals 29
iii
Individualized Family Service Plan 33
Teaming with Interpreters 33
Gathering Information from Families 34
Sharing Information with Families 36
Supporting Participation and a Sense of Belonging in the Early Care Setting 36
Person-First Language 37
Universal Design for Learning 37
Teaming with Early Intervention Service Providers 38
Embedding Specific Learning Opportunities in Daily Routines 38
Questions to Guide Practice 39
Conclusion 39
References 40
Section Two: Becoming Informed About Cultural Practices and Cultural
Communities 41
Chapter 4. A Cultural Communities and Cultural Practices Approach to
Understanding Infant and Toddler Care 42
Alison Wishard Guerra and Sarah Garrity Participation in Cultural Practices at Home and in the Early Care Setting 44
Understanding Cultural Communities 45
Understanding Cultural Practices 47
Families and Communities 47
Interactions with Children and Families and Becoming Informed About Cultural
Practices and Cultural Communities 51
Understanding the Classroom or Program as Its Own Cultural Community 52
References 53
Chapter 5. Cultural Sensitivity in Caregiving Routines: The Essential Activities
of Daily Living 56
Janet Gonzalez-Mena Differing Beliefs and Values 56
What Is a Routine? 57
Cultural Differences in Daily Routines: Toileting, Feeding,
and Sleeping/Napping 58
Toileting 59
Feeding Practices 61
Sleeping/Napping Routines 63
Summary 64
References 65
Section Three: Creating Collaborative, Reciprocal Relationships with Families 67
Chapter 6. Developing Culturally Responsive Caregiving Practices: Acknowledge,
Ask, and Adapt 68
Louise Derman-Sparks The Process of Culturally Responsive Care 68
Acknowledge, Ask, and Adapt 72
Identifying Culturally Responsive and Culturally Insensitive Practices 75
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