AP Biology - Weebly
Ms. Day/ AP Biology Name _________________________
Biomolecules (Macromolecules) Reading Guide Worksheets
1. Label the diagram below by identifying a monomer, polymer, condensation reaction (aka-dehydration reaction), and hydrolysis.
[pic]
2. Complete the following table below by filling in the atoms found in each biomolecule (aka macromolecule).
Choose from nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphorus (P), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H)
|Macromolecule |Atoms Found in Biomolecule |
|Carbohydrates | |
|Lipids | |
|Proteins | |
|Nucleic Acids | |
3. Match the definition with the correct term.
A. Condensation Synthesis D. Polymer
B. Hydrolysis E. Polymerization
C. Monomer
______ Large molecule that consists of many subunits called monomers
______ Identical or similar subunits of a polymer
______ Process of linking monomers to form a polymer
______ Loss of a water molecule between two monomers to form a covalent bond between the monomers
______ Breaking the covalent bond between monomers by adding a water molecule
______ aka: a dehydration synthesis
4. Complete the macromolecule chart below:
|Organic Compound |What is the |What is the |What is the | |Examples |Structural Diagram/Sketch |
|(BIOMOLECULE) |Monomer? |Polymer? |Jobs? (Functions) |ID clue | |(all of them) |
| |(single “link”) |(“chain”) | | | | |
| | | | |many end in |glucose (monosaccharide) |Monosaccharide |
| | | | |‘ose’ |sucrose (disaccharide) | |
| | | | | |starch (plants) | |
| | | | | |cellulose (plants) | |
|Carbohydrates | | | | |chitin (fungi/ insects) |Disaccharide |
|(aka-sugars) | | | | |glycogen (animals) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |Polysaccharide |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| |Made of hydrocarbon | | | |#1 |Triglyceride |
| |chains | | | |Fats | |
|Lipids |(C-H chains); | | | |oils | |
| |sometimes glycerol and| | | |waxes | |
| |phosphate groups is | | | | | |
| |added | | | |#2 |Phospholipid |
| | | | | |phospholipids | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |#3 | |
| | | | | |steroids | |
| | | | | |saturated & unsaturated fats |Unsaturated Fat vs. Saturated Fat |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |DNA |DNA |
|Nucleic Acids | | | |always has |RNA | |
| | | | |phosphorus | | |
| | | | | | |RNA |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
1. Complete the following table below by filling in the bonds found in each biomolecule (aka macromolecule).
|Macromolecule |Bonds Found in Biomolecule |
|1. Carbohydrates | |
|(disaccharide or polysaccharide) | |
|2. Lipids | |
|3. Proteins | |
|4. Nucleic Acids | |
2. Listed below are characteristics of four biologically important polysaccharides. Use the key below to indicate the polysaccharide described in each characteristic.
A. Cellulose B. Chitin C. Glycogen D. Starch
______ also known as fiber to humans
______ Storage polysaccharide in animals
______ Storage polysaccharide in plants
______ Component of plant cell walls
______ Forms the exoskeleton in arthropods; building material of cell walls in some fungi
______ makes some surgical thread for suturing (aka-stitches)
3. Why can’t the human digestive system break down cellulose?
4. Why are lipids grouped together? What is a defining characteristic(s) of all lipids?
5. What are the building blocks of fat? ______________________________ and ______________________
6. Compare and contrast energy storage in polysaccharides and fats (lipids).
7. How are saturated and unsaturated fats different? You can use sketches to help answer this question.
8. Why aren’t unsaturated fats solid at room temperature?
9. Label the molecule below.
[pic]
14. How would you recognize a basic steroid molecule? Include a drawing in your answer.
10. Indicate if each of the following is true of Saturated or Unsaturated fats.
______ 1 or more double bonds
______ Usually solid at room temperature
______ Molecules are tightly packed together
______ Usually liquid at room temperature
______ Most plant fats
______ Most animal fats
16. Draw one (1) amino acid.
LABEL the amino group and the carboxyl group.
17. Explain the four levels of protein structure and draw a picture to illustrate it.
|Protein Structure Level |Explanation/Includes |What kind of bonds hold it together? |Drawing |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|Primary | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|Secondary | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|Tertiary | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|Quaternary | | | |
| | | | |
18. How does the characteristics of an amino acid (nonpolar, polar, acidic or basic) relate to the issue of tertiary and quaternary structure?
[pic]20. Indicate the level of protein structure (1, 2, 3, or 4) described in each of the following.
______ α helix and β pleated sheets
______ Collagen and hemoglobin
______ Determined by the sequence of DNA bases
______ Form stabilized by hydrogen bonds
______ Form stabilized by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges
______ Globular proteins
______ Interaction among several polypeptide chains
______ Many enzymes
______ Regular, repeated folding of the peptide chain
______ Sequence of amino acids in a protein
21. What is an enzyme? What is its general function?
22. What does denaturation mean?
23. a.) Explain how a protein is denaturated in low temperatures.
b. Explain how a protein is denaturated in high temperatures.
24. Explain how a protein is denaturated when pH is increased or decreased.
25. Draw a nucleotide below and label the THREE parts of this monomer.
[pic]
[pic]
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a. During what processes would your body use a condensation reaction? You can use specific examples.
b. a.) During what processes would your body use a hydrolysis reaction? You can use specific examples.
19.
27.
NOTES: Just an FYI
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