The Chemistry of Life - Weebly

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill CompCaonipyersi,gIhntc.? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. Trace elements, such as iron and magnesium, are present

In your textbook, read about water and its importance.

in

living

things

in

very

large

amounts.

Chapter 6 & 7 Study Guide

CFhoa6rp. teTeahrce6hpsrtoapteermtieesnotfbeelelmowen, tws rairteedtertueermoirnEefXadlAsbMey.tWheEstDr/uTctuHrUesRoSf their atoms. ________________________

L__a_b_e_l_t_h_e_p_a_r_t_s_o_f_t_h_e__atom1.. UInsea twhaetseer cmhooliecceusl:e, electrons are shared equally between the hydrogen

atoms and oxygen atom.

energy level

electron

neutron

proton

nucleus

____________________ 2. The attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms

a weak oxygen bond. e

11. ____________________

____________________ 3. Because of its polarity, water can move from the roots of a plant up to its leaves.

__7_._____________________________________4. Water changes tempperature easily.

10. ____________________

n0

__8_._____________________________________5. Unlike most substances, water expands wh9e.n_i_t_f_re_e_z_e_s_.___________

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. A6n.swAellrotbhjeecftosllionwminogtioqnuehsatvioens. 12. aW. hpaot tiesnthtiealmeanxeimrguym. numbbe.r hofeaetleecntreorngsy.in each ocf.thkeinfeotlilocweninegrgeyn.ergy levedls.: frirasnt,dsoemcoennde, rtghyir.d?

7. The first scientist to observe evidence of the random motion of molecules was

a. Brown.

b. Darwin.

c. Mendel.

d. Hooke.

183. TBohreonehtams towvoemisoetnotpoefs,pbaortriocnle-s10fraonmd abnoraorne-a1o1f. Bhiogrhoenr-1c0onhcaesnfitvreatpiorontotonsananadrefiaveofnleouwtreorns. How cmoanncyenprtroattoinosnainsdcanleleudtrons does boron-11 have? Explain.

a. dynamic equilibrium.

b. nonrandom movement.

c. concentration gradient.

d. diffusion.

9. Diffusion occurs because of

a. nonrandom movement of particles.

b. random movement of particles.

c. a chemical reaction between particles.

d. chemical energy.

10. When a few drops of colored corn syrup are added to a beaker of pure corn syrup, the color will a. move from low concentration to high concentration.

b. form a polar bond. UNITc3. start to diffuse.

CHAPTER 6 The Chemistry of Life 9

d. remain on the bottom of the beaker.

11. Diffusion can be accelerated by

a. decreasing the pressure.

b. increasing the temperature.

c. decreasing the movement of particles.

d. increasing the dynamic equilibrium.

12. When materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell. The cell is in a state of

a. dynamic equilibrium. b. metabolism.

c. imbalance.

d. inertia.

13. The difference in concentration of a substance across space is called

a. dynamic equilibrium.

b. concentration gradient.

c. diffusion.

d. Brownian movement.

UNIT 3

CHAPTER 6 The Chemistry of Life 11

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

seen through a simple microscope

Complete the table by checking the correct column for each description.

_D__e_s_cr_i_p_t_io_n__

2. Uses two or more glass lenses to magnify either living cells or prepared slides

Lipids

b. compound light PromteicinrosscopNe ucleic Acids

13. Made up of nucleotides

_1_4_.__Mg_ly_oc_set_r_co_ol_nmsios3tle.ocAofufltsehtcirnieeyen, thfiasottltlwyohwacoibdoosbxsbeesorntvhedadetdthhteaotcaaclolrekd

was composed cells

c. electron microscope

_1_5_.__D_N__A__a_n_d R4N. AA scientist who concluded that all plants are 16. Contain peptidceombopnodsesd of cells

d. Schwann

_1_7_.__P_r_o_d_u_c_e_pro5t.eAinsscientist who concluded that all animals are 18. Commonly calcloedmfpaotsseadnodfocielslls

e. Hooke

_1_9_.__M__ad__e_u_p_ of6a.mTinhoe amciicdrsoscope that allowed scientists 20. Used for long-ttoervmiewenmeroglyecsutloersage, insulation,

and protective coatings

f. van Leeuwenhoek

I2n1.yoCurontetxatinbocoakr,broenad, haybdoruotgtehne,towxoygbeansi,cacneldl tnyiptreos.gen Chapter 7

C1o2mplCeHteAPthTeERta6bleTbhey

checking the

Chemistry of Life

correct

column

for

each

statement.

UNIT 3

Statement

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

7. Organisms that have cells lacking internal Namemembrane-bound structures

Date

Class

8.CDhoapnteort have a nucleus

7 9. Are eitherAsiVngielew-ceollefdtohremCadeellu,pcoonf tminauneydcells

10. Generally are single-celled organisms

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 7.2 The Plasma Membrane

I1n1y. oOurrgtaenxitsbmooskt,hraetahdavaebocuetllsmcaoinnttaaiinniinnggoargbaanlaenllcees.

Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

UNIT 3

glucose organism

plasma membrane balance

homeostasis selective permCeHaAbPilTiEtyR 7 A View of the Cell 47

Living cells maintain a (1) ___________ by controlling materials that enter and leave. Without this

ability, the cell cannot maintain (2) _______________ and will die. The cell must regulate internal con-

centrations of water, (3) ______________ , and other nutrients and must eliminate waste products.

Homeostasis in a cell is maintained by the (4) ______________________ , which allows only certain

particles to pass through and keeps other particles out. This property of a membrane is known as

(5) ________________________ . It allows different cells to carry on different activities within the

same (6) ____________ .

in the cell; and energy transformers.

Complete the table by writing the name of the cell part beside its structure/function. A cell part may be used more than once.

Structure/Function

1. A membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac

2. Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs

3. The sites of protein synthesis

4. A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm

5. The clear fluid inside the cell

6. Organelle that manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell

7. Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color

8. Digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria

9. Small bumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum

10. Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes, and waste products

11. Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists

12. Produce a usable form of energy for the cell

13. Modifies proteins chemically, then repackages them

14. Contains inner membranes arranged in stacks of membranous sacs called grana

15. Plant organelles that store starches or lipids or that contain pigments

Cell Part

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

UNIT 3

CHAPTER 7 A View of the Cell 49

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