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Fluid & Electrolytes WorksheetFLUID AND ELECTROLYTE: Complete for assistance in preparing for class.Distribution of Body FluidsBody fluids are distributed in two distinct compartments. Briefly explain each one.Extracellular:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Intracellular:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Composition of Body FluidsDefine electrolyte:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Define the following terms related to the composition of body fluids:Cations____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anions_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________mEq/L_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cells______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Movement of Body FluidsFluids and electrolytes shift from compartment to compartment to facilitate body processes.List and briefly describe the four factors responsible for movement of body fluids:a.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________c.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________d.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Define the following terms related to osmosis:Osmotic pressure_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Isotonic____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hypotonic__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hypertonic__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Define the following terms related to filtration:Hydrostatic pressure_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Regulation of Body FluidsBriefly describe the physiological stimuli triggering the thirst mechanism:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________List the four organs contributing to body fluid loss.a.____________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________c.____________________________________________________________________d.____________________________________________________________________Define:Insensible water loss ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Obligatory loss ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Regulation of ElectrolytesThe major cations are _____________, _____________, ________________, and _____________. They are located in the ______________ and _____________ fluid.The major anions are ________________, _______________, and _______________.Give the normal values, function, and regulatory mechanisms for the major body electrolytes in the grid below.ElectrolyteValuesFunctionRegulatory MechanismSodiumPotassiumCalciumMagnesiumChlorideBicarbonatePhosphateDISTURBANCES IN FLUID ANDELECTROLYTE BALANCESFluid DisturbancesDefine and briefly describe the two major classifications of fluid imbalance.a._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Complete the grid below giving the causes, signs, and symptoms of the listed fluid disturbances.Fluid DisturbancesCausesSigns and SymptomsFluid volume deficit (FVD)Fluid volume excess (FVE)Electrolyte ImbalancesFor each electrolyte disturbance, identify the diagnostic laboratory finding, and list at least four characteristic signs and symptoms in the grid below.ImbalanceLab FindingSigns and SymptomsHyponatremiaHypernatremiaHypokalemiaHyperkalemiaHypocalcemiaHypercalcemiaHypomagnesemiaHypermagnesemiaVARIABLES AFFECTING NORMAL FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCESList the eight major factors that can affect fluid and electrolyte imbalances.a.____________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________c.____________________________________________________________________d.____________________________________________________________________e.____________________________________________________________________f.____________________________________________________________________g.____________________________________________________________________h.____________________________________________________________________Briefly describe the fluid changes that are associated with aging and development.Infants and Children: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Older adults: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Briefly describe how the following affect total body water:Body size _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Environmental temperature _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Briefly describe the influence of each habit on fluid and electrolyte balance.Diet: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Stress: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________NURSING PROCESS AND FLUID ANDELECTROLYTE IMBALANCESAssessmentThe eight major categories of risk factors for fluid and electrolyte imbalances are:1.______________________________________________2.______________________________________________3.______________________________________________4.______________________________________________5.______________________________________________6.______________________________________________7.______________________________________________8.______________________________________________Indicate the possible fluid and electrolyte imbalance associated with each assessment finding:Weight loss of 6% to 9% ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Irritability __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lethargy ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sticky, dry mucous membranes _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Low blood pressure __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Increased respiratory rate _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Crackles ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anorexia ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Abdominal cramps __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Poor skin turgor _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Oliguria or anuria ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Increased specific gravity _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Muscle cramps, tetany ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hypertonicity of muscles on palpation ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes ________________________________________________________________________________________________________Nursing DiagnosisList three potential or actual nursing diagnoses for a client with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.a.____________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________c.____________________________________________________________________PlanningList three goals appropriate for a client with altered fluid and electrolyte imbalances.a.____________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________c.____________________________________________________________________IMPLEMENTATIONCorrecting Fluid and Electrolyte ImbalancesList and briefly describe the enteral replacements of fluids.a. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Briefly explain the need for a restricted fluid intake and how the nurse would implement the restriction:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________List three methods of parenteral replacement.a.____________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________c.____________________________________________________________________State the primary goal of IV fluid replacement: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Define the following types of electrolyte solutions:Isotonic ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hypotonic __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hypertonic _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________List two major purposes of infusion pumps.a. ___________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________List three groups of clients in whom venipunctures may be difficult.a. ___________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________c.____________________________________________________________________List four factors that may affect IV flow rates.a. ___________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________________Indicate the sequence to be followed when changing a gown of a client with an IV line.a. ___________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________________e. ___________________________________________________________________f. ____________________________________________________________________List four interventions that can reduce the risk of infusion-related infections.a. ___________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________________Complete the grid below describing complications of IV plicationAssessment FindingNursing ActionInfiltrationPhlebitisFluid overloadBleedingEvaluationList three expected outcomes for a client with an alteration in fluid and electrolyte imbalances.a. ___________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________________ ................
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