Deductive versus Inductive Reasoning



More on Conditionals

|Objectives: | |

|Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a given conditional statement. | |

|Determine the premise and conclusion of a given conditional statement. | |

|Rewrite a given conditional statement in standard “if . . ., then . . . form. | |

|Rewrite a biconditional as the conjunction of two conditionals. | |

|Determine if two statements are equivalent using truth tables. | |

|Write an equivalent variation of a given conditional. | |

|Vocabulary: | |

|converse | |

|inverse | |

|contrapositive | |

|only if |Name |

|biconditional |Symbolic form |

| |Read as . . . |

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| |a (given) conditional |

| |[pic] |

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| |the converse (of [pic]) |

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| |the inverse (of [pic]) |

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| |the contrapositive (of [pic]) |

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Possible Classroom Examples:

• Using the statements below, write the sentence represented by each of the symbols.

p: I am a multimillion-dollar lottery winner.

q: I am a world traveler.

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

• Write the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of the sentence below:

If you do not eat meat, you are a vegetarian.

• Write the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of the sentence below:

You do not win, if you do not buy a lottery ticket.

• Determine the premise and conclusion. Rewrite the compound statement in standard if . . . , then . . . form and then determine what conditions will make the statement false.

I eat raw fish only if I am in a Japanese restaurant.

• Write the biconditional as a conjunction of two conditionals.

We eat at Burger World if and only if Ju Ju’s Kitsch-Inn is closed.

• Translate the two statements into symbolic form and use truth tables to determine whether the statements are equivalent.

If I do not have health insurance, I cannot have surgery.

If I can have surgery, then I do have health insurance.

• Determine which pairs of statements are equivalent.

1. If Proposition III passes, freeways are improved.

2. If Proposition III is defeated, freeways are not improved.

3. If the freeways are not improved, then Proposition III does not pass.

4. If the freeways are improved, Proposition III passes.

p:

q:

statement:

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statement:

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p:

q:

statement:

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