Deductive versus Inductive Reasoning



Symbolic Logic

|Objectives: | |

|Determine if a sentence or question is a statement or not. | |

|Write a sentence that represents the negation of a given statement. | |

|Rewrite a statement in symbolic form (defining the symbols used). | |

|Rewrite a symbolic statement in word form. | |

|Vocabulary: | |

|statement | |

|compound statement | |

|negation | |

|conjunction |Statement |

|disjunction (inclusive or) |Symbol |

|conditional (implication) |Read as . . . |

|hypothesis (premise) | |

|conclusion |negation |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |conjunction |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |disjunction |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |conditional |

| |(implication) |

| | |

| | |

| | |

Possible Classroom Examples:

• Which of the following are statements? Why or why not?

a. [pic].

b. Solve the equation [pic].

c. [pic] has no solution.

d. [pic].

e. Is [pic] a rational number?

|Write a sentence that represents the negation of the | |

|statement. | |

|a. His car is not new. | |

|b. Some buildings are earthquakeproof. |Statement |

|c. All children eat candy. |Negation |

|d. I never cry in a movie theater. | |

| |Some p are q. |

| |No p are q. |

| | |

| |All p are q. |

| |Some p are not q. |

| | |

| |No p are q. |

| |Some p are q. |

| | |

| |Some p are not q. |

| |All p are q. |

| | |

• Using the symbolic representations

p: The car costs $40,000.

q: The car goes 140 miles per hour.

r: The car is red.

express the following compound statements in symbolic form.

a. All red cars go 140 mph.

b. The car is red, goes 140 mph, and does not cost $40,000.

c. If the car does not cost $40,000, it does not go 140 mph.

d. The car is red and it does not go 140 mph or cost $40,000.

• Using the symbolic representations

p: I am an environmentalist.

q: I recycle my aluminum cans.

r: I recycle my newspapers.

express the following in words.

a. [pic]

b. [pic]

c. [pic]

d. [pic]

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