Computer Architecture - GuruKPO

Biyani's Think Tank

Concept based notes

Computer Architecture

(BCA Part-I)

Micky Haldya

Revised By: Ms Jyoti Sharma Deptt. of Information Technology

Biyani Girls College, Jaipur

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Published by :

Think Tanks Biyani Group of Colleges

Concept & Copyright :

Biyani Shikshan Samiti

Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan) Ph : 0141-2338371, 2338591-95 Fax : 0141-2338007 E-mail : acad@ Website :;

ISBN: 978-93-81254-38-0

Edition : 2011 Price :

While every effort is taken to avoid errors or omissions in this Publication, any mistake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions.

Leaser Type Setted by : Biyani College Printing Department

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Preface

I am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs of the

students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general weakness in understanding the fundamental concepts of the topics. The book is self-explanatory and adopts the "Teach Yourself" style. It is based on question-answer pattern. The language of book is quite easy and understandable based on scientific approach.

Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections, omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the readers for which the author shall be obliged.

I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay Biyani, Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and main concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this Endeavour. They played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this Endeavour and spearheaded the publishing work.

I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various educational institutions, other faculty members and students for improvement of the quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions to the under mentioned address.

Author

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Syllabus

B.C.A. Part-I Computer Architecture

Part-A (Informative only) Anatomy of a Computer [Information only] : Mother Board (Special reference to Intel 810 Chipset motherboard). CISC Micro Processors (Special reference to Pentium, AMD, Cyrix). RISC processors (Motorola, Power PC, and 680x0 series), Memory (ROM, RAM, Flash, Cache, Virtual, Buffers, CMOS), types of RAM (FPM, EDO, BEDO, SDRAM), Types of memory modules (SIMM, DIMM), System clock, Bus (Data, Address, Control), Bus architecture (ISA, MCA, EISA, PCI, AGP), Expansion slots and cards (Network adapter cards, SCSI card, Soundcard, TV tuner card, PC card), Ports (Serial, Parallel, AGP, USB, Fire Wire), cables (RS 232, BIN), Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, track pad, pen, touch screen, bar code reader, scanner, OMR, OCR, voice input, video input, digital camera) Output devices [Monitors (refresh rate, resolutions, standards CGA, VGA, SVGA, XGA, SCGA; LCD monitors, Video controllers and VRAM), Printers (Dot-Matrix, Line, Label, Ink0Jet, laser, Color Laser, thermal wax, dye sublimation, fiery, IRIS), Plotters (Pen, Ink-jet, electrostatic), Voice output], Storage devices [Storage types (Magnetic, Optical, magneto-optical, Solid state), random versus sequential access, formatting, tracks and sectors, speed, storage capacity, Floppy Disk (5.25 inch, 3.5 inch; 2HD, Zip, Superdisk, HiFD) Hard Disk tracks, cylinders, sectors; Hard Drive Interfaces (IDE, EIDE, Fast SCSI, Fast/wide, SCSI, Ultra SCSI; Hard Disk Cartridges, RAID); Optical Disks [pits and lands, CD (ROM, R, RW), DVD (ROM, R, RAM)], Magnetic tape (reels, streamers, DAT, DLT, stripe, Smart card), Modem (Fax/Data/Voice).

Part-B (Beginners level only) Computer System History and Architecture development(the mechanical era, electronic computers, and later generations); von Neumann machine. Logic gates; basic combinatorial logic, multiplexers, decoders, encorders, comparators, adder and subtracters, BCD to 7 segment decoder; sequential circuits, RS,JK, D and T flip flops, counter and shift registers, programmable logic array (PLA), programmable array of logic (PAL), programmable logic device (PLD). Addressing methods and machine program sequencing-memory locations addresses, encoding of information, instructions and instructions sequencing, addressing modes, paging, relative, indirect and indexed addressing. Basics of Computer organization; system buses and instruction cycles, memory subsystem organizations and interfacing, I/O subsystem organizations and interfacing, Register transfer languages. CPU design : specifying a CPU, design and implementation of a simple CPU (fetching instructions from memory, decoding and executing instructions, establishing required data paths, design of ALU, design of the control unit and design verification), design and implementation of a simple micro sequencer, Features of Pentium microprocessors. Memory systems, storage media; virtual and cache memory; programmed I/O. Interrupts (types, processing of interrupts, implementing interrupts inside CPU), Direct memory access, I/O processors, serial communication. Reduced Instruction Set computing (RISC) RISC rationale, RISC instructions sets, instructions pipelines and register windows, RISC vs. CISC.

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Content

S. No. 1.

Name of Topic Anatomy of a Computers 1.1 CISC, RISC 1.2 Memory

2. Basic Computer Architecture 2.1 Memory Modules 2.2 System Clock 2.3 System Bus 2.4 Various Cards

3. Input Output Devices 3.1 Various I/O Devices 3.2 Types of Printers

4. Storage Devices 4.1 Types of Storage Devices 4.2 Modems 4.3 Formatting

5. History of Computers 5.1 Different Eras of Computers 5.2 Computer Generations 5.3 Von-Newmann Architecture

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