Lab 0: Introduction to Networks lab

Lab 0: Introduction to Networks lab

University of Jordan Faculty of Engineering & Technology Computer Engineering Department

Computer Networks Laboratory 907528

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Introduction to Networking By themselves, computers are powerful tools. When they are connected in a network, they become even more powerful because the functions and tools that each computer provides can be shared with other computers. Network is a small group of computers that share information, or they can be very complex, spanning large geographical areas that provide its users with unique capabilities, above and beyond what the individual machines and their software applications can provide.

The goal of any computer network is to allow multiple computers to communicate. The type of communication can be as varied as the type of conversations you might have throughout the course of a day. For example, the communication might be a download of an MP3 audio file for your MP3 player; using a web browser to check your instructor's web page to see what assignments and tests might be coming up; checking the latest sports scores; using an instantmessaging service, such as Yahoo Messenger, to send text messages to a friend; or writing an email and sending it to a business associate.

Networks Advantages and Disadvantages:

-Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs. -Hardware and Software Management & Administration Costs. -Undesirable Sharing. -Illegal or Undesirable Behavior. -Data Security Concerns.

-Connectivity and Communication. -Data SharingHardware Sharing. -Internet Access. -Data Security and Management. -Performance Enhancement and Balancing. -Entertainment.

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Network Types:

Different types of networks are distinguished based on their size (in terms of the number of machines), their data transfer speed, and their reach. There are usually said to be two categories of networks: Local Area Network (LAN)is limited to a specific area, usually an office, and cannot extend beyond the boundaries of a single building. The first LANs were limited to a range (from a central point to the most distant computer) of 185 meters (about 600 feet) and no more than 30 computers. Today's technology allows a larger LAN, but practical administration limitations require dividing it into small, logical areas called workgroups. A workgroup is a collection of individuals who share the same files and databases over the LAN.

Wide Area Network (WAN)If you have ever connected to the Internet, you have used the largest WAN on the planet. A WAN is any network that crosses metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries. Most networking professionals define a WAN as any network that uses routers and public network links. The Internet fits both definitions.

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Definition:

Speed: Data transfer rates: Example: Components:

Data Transmission Error: Ownership:

Set-up costs:

Maintenance costs:

Geographical Spread: Bandwidth:

LAN LAN (Local Area Network) is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, schools, or group of buildings.

High speed(1000mbps) High data transfer rate.

Network in an organization. Layer 2 devices like switches, bridges. layer1 devices like hubs , repeaters

Experiences fewer data transmission errors.

Typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization.

Set-up an extra devices on the network, it is not very expensive. Covers a relatively small geographical area, LAN is easier to maintain at relatively low costs. Have a small geographical range.

High bandwidth is available for transmission.

WAN WAN (Wide Area Network) is a computer network that covers a broad area or any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries over a long distance. Less speed(150mbps) Lower data transfer rate as compared to LANs. The Internet. Layers 3 devices Routers, Switches and Technology specific devices like ATM or Frame-relay Switches. Experiences more data transmission errors as compared to LAN. WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective distributed ownership and management over long distances. Networks in remote areas have to be connected, Set-up costs are higher. Maintaining WAN is difficult because of its wider geographical coverage and higher maintenance costs. Have a large geographical range generally spreading across boundaries. Low bandwidth is available for transmission.

The OSI and TCP/IP Networking Models:

Models are useful because they help us understand difficult concepts and complicated systems. When it comes to networking, there are several models that are used to explain the roles played by various technologies, and how they interact. Of these, the most popular and commonly used is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model.

4 Lab 0: Introduction to Networks lab The OSI model was designed to promote interoperability by creating a guideline for network data transmission between computers and components that have different hardware vendors, software, operating systems, and protocols.

The idea behind the OSI Reference Model is to provide a framework for both designing networking systems and for explaining how they work. The existence of the model makes it easier for networks to be analyzed, designed, built and rearranged, by allowing them to be considered as modular pieces that interact in predictable ways, rather than enormous, complex monoliths.

TCP/IP Model The Internet Protocol Suite, popularly known as the TCP/IP model, is a communication protocol that is used over the Internet. This model divides the entire networking functions into layers, where each layer performs a specific function. This model gives a brief idea about the process of data formatting, transmission, and finally the reception. Each of these functions takes place in the layers, as described by the model. TCP/IP is a four-layered structure, with each layer having their individual protocol.

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