Community Colleges: Special Supplement to The Condition of ...

Community Colleges

Special Supplement to The Condition of Education 2008

NCES 2008-033

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

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Community Colleges

Special Supplement to The Condition of Education 2008 Statistical Analysis Report

August 2008

Stephen Provasnik Michael Planty National Center for Education Statistics

NCES 2008-033

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

U.S. Department of Education Margaret Spellings Secretary

Institute of Education Sciences Grover J. Whitehurst Director

National Center for Education Statistics Mark Schneider Commissioner

Te National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries.

NCES activities are designed to address high-priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high-quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public. Unless specifically noted all information contained herein is in the public domain.

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National Center for Education Statistics Institute of Education Sciences U.S. Department of Education 1990 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006-5651

August 2008

Te NCES World Wide Web Home Page address is . Te NCES World Wide Web Electronic Catalog is .

Suggested Citation Provasnik, S., and Planty, M. (2008). Community Colleges: Special Supplement to Te Condition of Education 2008 (NCES 2008-033). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.

For ordering information on this report, write to

U.S. Department of Education ED Pubs P.O. Box 1398 Jessup, MD 20794-1398

or call toll free 1-877-4ED-PUBS or order online at .

Content Contact Michael Planty (202) 502-7312 Michael.Planty@

Community Colleges

Executive Summary

The Condition of Education summarizes im- High school seniors who enrolled

portant developments and trends in education

immediately in community colleges in

using the latest available data. The report,

2004 spanned a broad range of academic

which is required by law, is an indicator report

achievement--including students who

intended for a general audience of readers who

were well-prepared for college in terms of

are interested in education. The indicators rep-

their performance on standardized tests

resent a consensus of professional judgment on

and coursework completed. They included

the most significant national measures of the

a greater percentage of well-prepared

condition and progress of education for which

seniors than did the 1992 senior cohort.

accurate data are available. For the 2008 edi-

tion, a special analysis was prepared to take a About two-thirds of 2004 seniors who

closer look at community colleges.

enrolled immediately in a community college

seem to have done so with the intention of

Drawing upon a wide range of data sources

pursuing a bachelor's degree or higher: as

collected by the National Center for Education

high school seniors, 28 percent had planned

Statistics (NCES), the 2008 special analysis

to use a community college as a stepping

provides a descriptive profile of community

stone to a bachelor's degree and 39 percent

colleges in the United States, examines the

revised their original plans to attend a

characteristics of community college students

4-year college and earn a bachelor's degree

who entered directly from high school, and

by starting their postsecondary education

looks at rates of postsecondary persistence and

at a community college.

attainment among community college students

in general. It also compares the characteristics One-third of 2004 seniors who enrolled

of these institutions and of the students who

immediately in a community college did

enroll in them with those of public and private

so with no intention of pursuing any

4-year colleges and universities. Selected find-

education higher than an associate's

ings include:

degree; however, by 2006, almost 47

percent of this group had raised their

In 2006?07, there were 1,045 community

educational expectations to start or

colleges in the United States, enrolling

complete a bachelor's degree.

6.2 million students (or 35 percent of

all postsecondary students enrolled that The percentage of students who had left

year).

school by 2006 without completing a

degree or certificate program was higher

Average annual community college tuition

among 2003?04 community college

and fees are less than half those at public

freshmen who intended to transfer to a

4-year colleges and universities and one-

4-year college than among all 2003?04

tenth those at private 4-year colleges and

freshmen at public 4-year and private

universities.

not-for-profit 4-year institutions.

Community colleges enroll a diverse Technical notes about the data sources, meth-

group of students, with various reasons odology, and standard errors are included at

for going to college, and have larger the end of this report. Special analyses are

percentages of nontraditional, low- available both as booklets and on the NCES

income, and minority students than Condition of Education website (.

4-year colleges and universities.

programs/coe).

Special Supplement to The Condition of Education 2008 | Page iii

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Contents

Contents

Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures and Exhibit..........................................................................................................viii Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Section 1. Institutional Characteristics ........................................................................................ 2 Number, Size, and Location ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Enrollment Patterns .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 State Community College Systems .................................................................................................................................... 5 Degrees Conferred ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Tuition and Fees ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Faculty .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Admission Criteria ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 Remedial Education ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Section 2. Student Characteristics ............................................................................................ 12 Part A. Students Who Enroll in Community Colleges Immediately After High School ....................................................13

Immediate College Enrollment After High School ................................................................................................................ 14 Which Seniors Attend Community Colleges Right After High School? ............................................................................... 14

Background characteristics and immediate enrollment...................................................................................................... 14 Student achievement and immediate enrollment.............................................................................................................. 16 Students'immediate educational plans,future educational expectations,and immediate enrollment ................................... 19 Part B. Community College Students'Short-Term Persistence or Attainment Rate ........................................................22 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 23 Notes ....................................................................................................................................... 25 References ............................................................................................................................... 28 Special Analysis Tables .............................................................................................................. 29 Technical Notes ........................................................................................................................ 60

Special Supplement to The Condition of Education 2008 | Page v

List of Tables

List of Tables

Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table SA-1. Table SA-2. Table SA-3. Table SA-4. Table SA-5. Table SA-6. Table SA-7. Table SA-8. Table SA-9. Table SA-10.

Table SA-11.

Table SA-12.

Table SA-13.

Percentage of degree-granting institutions with first-year undergraduates using various selection criteria for admission, by control and type of institution: 2005?06 ............................................................................ 10

Percentage distribution of immediate enrollees in postsecondary institutions in fall 2004, by control and type of institution and selected academic achievement characteristics..........................................................18

Percentage distribution of 2004 and 1992 seniors who enrolled immediately after high school in a community college, by their educational plans and expectations as seniors and 2 years later ........................ 21

Number of degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: Academic years 1974?75 through 2006?07...........................................................................................................................................29

Number of degree-granting institutions, by enrollment size, control and type of institution, and community type: Fall 2006 ............................................................................................................................. 31

Percentage distribution of degree-granting institutions, by enrollment size, control and type of institution, and community type: Fall 2006 .................................................................................................... 32

Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 1963 through 2006 ............................................................................................................................................................... 33

Number of degree-granting community colleges, size of their total enrollment, and ratio of enrollment to adult population, by state or jurisdiction: 2005?06 .................................................................................... 35

Average annual undergraduate tuition and fees for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: Academic years 1976?77 through 2006?07 ............................................. 37

Number and percentage distribution of faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution and selected faculty characteristics:Fall 2003.................................................38

Percentage of beginning postsecondary students who reported taking various types of remedial courses in their first year,by control and type of institution:2003?04 ........................................................................39

Percentage distribution of undergraduates, by control and type of institution and student characteristics: 2003?04 ........................................................................................................................................................ 40

Percentage distribution of the spring 2004 12th-grade cohort, by immediate and delayed postsecondary enrollment status, control and type of institution, and selected background characteristics: 2004 and 2006 ....................................................................................................................... 41

Percentage distribution of the spring 2004 12th-grade cohort who enrolled immediately after high school in a postsecondary institution, by control and type of institution and selected background characteristics: 2004 ....................................................................................................................................... 42

Percentage distribution of the spring 1992 12th-grade cohort, by immediate and delayed postsecondary enrollment status, control and type of institution, and selected background characteristics: 1992 and 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 43

Percentage distribution of the spring 1992 12th-grade cohort who enrolled immediately after high school in a postsecondary institution, by control and type of institution and selected background characteristics: 1992 ....................................................................................................................................... 44

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