Chapter 18 & 19 Test Review – Anatomy & Physiology of the ...



Chapter 18 & 19 Test Review – Anatomy & Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

1. Describe the covering surrounding the heart.

2. Name and briefly describe the 3 layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep.

3. Describe the anatomical landmarks of the heart (chambers, valves, major vessels, etc).

4. Give the pathway of blood through the circulatory system.

5. Which arteries supply blood to the heart? Where do these arteries originate from?

6. List the tissue layers of blood vessels.

7. Name the 3 types of blood vessels. Describe the unique characteristics of each.

8. Explain how circulation differs before and after birth.

9. Define stenosis.

10. Describe the following: cardiac tamponade, aortic regurgitation, congestive heart failure and angioplasty.

11. Differentiate between a thrombosis and embolism.

12. What is a deep vein thrombosis? What is a deadly complication caused by a DVT?

13. Describe the conduction route through the heart. Describe these areas (include location and characteristics).

14. What is will cause an ectopic heartbeat?

15. What does an ECG measure?

16. Draw and label and ECG. Describe what each wave represents.

17. Be familiar with the dysrhythmias discussed in class. Understand what changes will occur on an ECG tracing.

18. What is a cardiac cycle? Describe the phases.

19. What causes the “lubb”? What causes the “dubb”? When do they each occur in relation to the cardiac cycle?

20. What ultimately determines pressure? What two factors influence volume?

21. How is cardiac output calculated? Describe the factors affecting heart rate.

22. What influences peripheral resistance? Name the two factors which influence blood viscosity.

23. Describe the factors which influence total blood volume and therefore increase venous return to the heart.

24. Describe the process of measuring a person’s arterial blood pressure.

25. How is pulse pressure calculated?

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