Concept note-10th SDC –7May2007
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Concept note-10th SDC-15 June 07.doc
Sustainable Solutions: A Spotlight on South Asian Research
SDPI’s Tenth Sustainable Development Conference
12—14 December 2007
Venue: Best Western Hotel, Club Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
Contents
Dates to remember 1
Introduction 1
Sub-themes and panels 2
General information 10
Information for Indian passport holders 11
Author’s guidelines 12
Dates to remember
Submission of abstracts: 1 August 2007
Submission of documents by Indian passport holders: 31 August 2007
Submission of Conference papers: 1 October 2007
Tenth Sustainable Development Conference: 12-14 December 2007:
Introduction:
The Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) is holding its Tenth Sustainable Development Conference (SDC) from 12—14 December 2007 in Islamabad, Pakistan. Each SDC is designed to be a forum for sharing and exchanging dialogues on sustainable development with practitioners, civil society and policy-makers. The SDC series has been established as a prime Conference in South Asia on development issues attracting leading intellectuals and policy-makers to come together. Some 71 panelists from 12 countries participated in the Ninth SDC in December 2006. An anthology based on peer reviewed SDC papers is published and launched at the succeeding Conference. The published books form part of curricula on development of some of the educational institutions within Pakistan and are also quoted in research publications.
The overarching theme of the SDPI’s Tenth SDC is Sustainable Solutions: A Spotlight on South Asian Research.
Many countries in South Asia have remained less developed for decades and Pakistan is no exception. The conditions of poverty, illiteracy, ill health / morbidity prevail, despite efforts to overcome them financially and practically. It appears, therefore, that the efforts to eradicate these conditions are not sufficiently successful. Often, these efforts are not in sync with on ground requirements to address the root causes, and may in fact worsen the situation by adopting unplanned approaches.
The SDPI has had the opportunity of organizing nine Sustainable Development Conferences on issues specific to (under) development and one impression that has emerged is that as we address specific questions through research, more questions appear – making any attempts at providing holistic, broad recommendations, limited in applicability. In many cases, social, environmental and economic issues are complicated and no single strategy can be regarded as conclusive. Another impression is that stakeholders including researchers/policy makers and academics have overlooked the importance of sustainable solutions that incorporate the aspirations, psychology and behavior of communities into problem identification and alternative solutions development. Unfortunately, the mere identification of a problem and emphasis on its gravity is simply not enough. What is needed to bring this process full circle is providing thoughtful insights and practical solutions to the problems that a diverse range of communities face and break the cycle of condescending top down prescriptions, which tend to be made by those who are oblivious to the realities faced by affected communities.
The Tenth Sustainable Development Conference intends to discuss and present, sustainable solutions to problems of poverty, illiteracy, mortality and morbidity, environmental degradation and disaster management, gender inequality, insecurity and peace. It will focus on looking at both innovative solutions, as well as indigenously developed alternatives that have survived generations of development. Solutions that have been implemented in the North and South, specifically those in the South Asian region where significant progress has been made in some areas, despite the overall unsupportive environment, will be discussed.
Solutions put forward in the Tenth Sustainable Development Conference will be shared with community based organization leaders, not for profit advocacy leaders, government policy makers and international non-governmental organizations’ (INGO) facilitators for future implementation. It is expected that this kind of evidence-based research will lead to collective learning and provide practical answers for development problems that are shared throughout the region.
There will be one main plenary each day in which prominent keynote speakers will be invited to address significant areas of sustainable development such as globalization and poverty; gender; health; and environment. The plenary each day will be followed by two to three concurrent sessions/panels on sub-themes covered under the overarching theme. The plenary will last for one hour and 30 minutes while the duration of each panel will be two hours and 30 minutes with three to five presentations by speakers.
The following sub-themes will be covered under the overarching theme:
I. Globalization
II. Gender
III. Environment and Disaster Management
IV. Health
V. History
Abstracts followed by papers are invited for the sub-themes under the overarching theme. Details are explained in this concept note. Contact information of the panel organizers is provided to facilitate communication between a potential speaker and the respective panel organizer. A screening committee will review the abstracts. Speakers whose abstracts are approved will be required to submit their papers. More details and deadlines are given in the last section on author’s guidelines.
The panels listed in the concept note are subject to change and modification depending on the response from potential speakers and their abstracts.
I. Sub-theme: Globalization
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Panel 1: Regoverning Markets: Sharing Innovative Practices and Policy Lessons
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Rapid changes are taking place in the structure and governance of national and regional agri-food markets in developing countries, affecting the ability of agriculture to contribute to economic growth, poverty reduction and sustainable rural development. Small-scale agriculture, which supports the livelihoods of the majority of rural poor, is poorly prepared for these changes.
The Tenth SDC will examine empirical case studies of innovative practices in connecting small-scale producers with dynamic markets where farmers are included in the supply chain. Inclusion is defined as the capacity of small-scale producers and rural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to sustain their participation in a given supply chain and restructured market as it evolves.
Submissions are invited identifying good practices, policy lessons for public and private sector actors and innovative local or regional level case studies in supporting greater participation by small-scale farmers in dynamic markets.
Contact:
Sajid Kazmi, Consultant, SDPI
Email: sajid@
Shakeel Ahmad Ramay, Research Assistant
Email: shakeel@
Panel 2: ABS: Addressing the livelihood concerns of the farming communities?
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The right to access and benefit sharing (ABS) of genetic resource and exploitation of the communities for commercial utilization lies under the sovereign authority of the national governments and their legislation. The importance of fair and equitable benefit sharing of the commercial utilization of genetic resources depends upon the rights of indigenous people over the natural resources and also for the protection of the traditional practices and knowledge of the local people. The benefits that arise from the bilateral trade of genetic resources for the various stakeholders and the problems that emerge can be better solved if the government develops policies that are pro poor.
South Asia is rich in plant genetic resources and many countries in the region have important medicinal value. Economic importance of cultivating medicinal herbs and the profits that are received by wholesalers are the factors that can affect the livelihood of the poor farming communities and reduce their outreach if not given prior importance in the policy formulation. It is imperative for resource rich countries to grasp the opportunities that are fast emerging in the international trade of these medicinal herbs in order to gain foreign exchange for the country.
In developing countries like Pakistan, majority of the population is involved in farming from centuries. Food security of these farming communities depends upon the natural resources and indigenous knowledge related to crop/plant genetic resources. Plant genetic resources is the result of collective action over many generations of crop and farming communities e.g. growing, production, exchange and sale of seeds, shared knowledge and the storage, conservation and protection of wild as well as valuable traits of genetic resources. Small farmers in Pakistan are not organized in a formal way, and all efforts pertaining to genetic resources are informal and decentralized. Laws are generally inappropriate and inadequate for defending the rights and resources of indigenous communities of the developing countries. There are thus a number of models that are emerging internationally to help these farmers in developing the basis for a future legal system to protect and conserve their knowledge and resources.
Policy or legislation in drafting national ABS law cannot be effective without the participation of the stakeholders, especially the communities/farmers, who are the real custodians of the genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Beside farmers, government, research departments, pharmaceutical companies and the scientists’ views are also important in drafting the law, as they are involved in the collection and use of the genetic resources and indigenous knowledge. The policy makers are playing the main role in the game of decision making, as they are the implementing body, so without the consensus, participation and support of stakeholders, they are unable to ensure the feasibility of law and its proper implementation.
With a focus on South Asia, the panel will look at good practices and policies/laws pertaining to ABS and livelihood concerns of the farming communities.
Contact:
Mehnaz Ajmal Paracha, Project Associate, SDPI
Email: mehnaz@
Panel 3: Domestic Preparedness: The Challenges of Trade Liberalization and Globalization
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Pakistan, along with other like-minded partners, has been an important player in the WTO arena since the inception of WTO in 1995. However, at the domestic front there was a lack of policy consistency until recently. It was in 1999 that Pakistan began tuning up its trade policy framework to face the challenges posed by various WTO agreements and to capture the opportunities offered by a much liberalized world of trade, mainly following an export led growth strategy. Since the 2001 WTO Doha Ministerial Conference there has been a fundamental shift on services. This more recent negotiating stand on services is attributable to the growing importance of the services sector in the economies of developing countries and their trade and investment flow. Access to a growing external market, liberalization of domestic economy and technological advances are the main factors playing an important role in the services sector.
South Asia, with its large population, has a huge interest in export of services.
Liberalization of trade has also given rise to the creation of institutional regionalism. This resulted in the signing of the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) and South Asian Free Trade Agreements (SAFTA). To have a common position is not trouble-free because South Asian countries lack interest given various impediments. The region needs to focus on developmental elements while negotiating on services. In this respect, a detailed analysis of generating export surpluses, domestic policy and regulatory frameworks are the fundamental requirements. Domestic regulation protects national policy objectives and is therefore vital for developing countries while undertaking liberalization of their services sectors.
It is important to pursue full and effective implementation of the modalities for the special treatment for developing countries in trade in services. This means developing methods for effective implementation of the developing countries modalities in trade in services, including assisting them to identify sectors and modes of supply that represent development priorities.
This panel will examine the following:
• present state of domestic preparedness in terms of regulatory framework export enhancement and safeguards
• features and extent of service sector liberalization
• experiences and growth in the commitments
• potential areas where further commitments can be made.
Panelists will share country specific findings leading towards a common South Asian position and suggest ways to improve domestic preparedness and safeguards to be followed to have better negotiating position in South Asia.
Contact:
Mehnaz Ajmal Paracha, Project Associate, SDPI
Email: mehnaz@
II. Sub-theme: Gender
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Panel 1: Whose Right to Land?
This panel will investigate women’s control over and access to land. Women’s control over land is not only about legal ownership (mostly unequal) and gender sensitive amendments in land reform proposals; it is also about how they can exercise autonomy over land as a source of livelihood and food security. Women find themselves increasingly disadvantaged in tandem with the increasing commercialization of agriculture. This results not only in malnourishment for women and children, it has also led to the erosion of traditional knowledge systems such as seed preservation and the related continuation of indigenous seed varieties, which was largely carried out by women. The issue of access relates to the manner in which women exercise control over land; whether they can make decisions about what is to be grown on a piece of land or if they can access the income generated from land and spend it according to their priorities.
South Asian countries present a rich geographical scenario (mountains, plains, desserts, coastal areas where land value varies) of diverse experience. From India where recent legal changes have made women eligible to equal inheritance rights to land to Pakistan and Bangladesh where they are legally disadvantaged to Afghanistan where conflict has resulted in loss of livelihood from land or Sri Lanka or Maldives where cultivable land is scarce, this panel will capture the complex issues involved in land tenure and land ownership across South Asia. It will examine the policy implications of allotting land to women on an equal basis and the resultant social change that South Asia might undergo as a result of pursuing gender justice.
Contact:
Saba Gul Khattak, Executive Director, SDPI
Email: saba@
Kiran Habib, Project Associate, Women’s Land Rights, SDPI
Email: kiran@
Panel 2: Reducing or Inducing Risk: Gender and Migration in South Asia
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Transnational migration is an important livelihood strategy all over South Asia. Whereas, the majority of migrants from the subcontinent leave their homes in search of work and a better life for themselves and their families, others are forced to move due to political unrest and ecological distress.
With the exception of Sri Lanka, migration across borders in the subcontinent is male-dominated. Migration to a different environment may allow traditional structures to slowly change, thereby providing power to people who were formerly excluded because of gender, age, class or caste. At the same time, rigid gender relations in ‘sending’ regions that involve women’s exclusion from formal and informal networks may also increase vulnerabilities.
The panel seeks to understand the gendered networks of exchange and support across national boundaries and to suggest steps to make sure that those who move, as well as those who stay behind, benefit.
Contact:
Karin Astrid Siegmann, Research Fellow, SDPI
Email: karin@
Panel 3: Bridging the Subcontinent’s Gender Digital Divide
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The importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for economic development has been widely recognized during the last decade. It is assumed to make economic processes more efficient, create employment opportunities, support development of skills and provide greater health care coverage and quality, as well as network building.
The ‘digital divide’ refers to the uneven distribution ICTs and their benefits, and the drastic differences in levels of ICT access between different population groups. This gap is wide between rural and urban areas. Moreover, another significant but less visible aspect of the digital divide, is the gap in access to and use of ICTs between women and men, girls and boys. In developing countries, there is evidence of an increasing gender gap in access to ICTs, with women and girls lagging behind. This may especially be true for South Asia, where existing patriarchal power relations bias the enjoyment of benefits from ICTs against women and girls. The gender gap in education, including English-proficiency and computer skills, women and girls’ domestic responsibilities, mobility restrictions and lesser economic power are obstacles to women and girls’ access to and use of ICTs.
This panel aims at making the South Asian experience concerning this ‘gender digital divide’ visible. It will bring together policy-oriented research suggesting measures to bridge the divide and to ensure that access to ICTs supports gender equality and women’s empowerment.
Contact:
Karin Astrid Siegmann, Research Fellow, SDPI
Email: karin@
Panel 4: Ignored Producers: Women's Role in South Asian Agriculture
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Women in rural areas of South Asia play a major role in agricultural production and rearing livestock. About one-third of all agricultural work in rural Pakistan, e.g., is undertaken by women. These tasks are commonly carried out in addition to their domestic chores.
Despite their economic involvement, women hardly have ownership of or control over productive resources. A majority of women work as unpaid family helpers. They work and produce on land, which they commonly do not own. Due to the societal perception of men as the household’s main ‘breadwinners’ and women as supplementary income-earners, women are often prevented from searching paid employment and, consequently, have limited access to and control over financial resources.
This panel brings together the experience of women as important, but often ignored agricultural producers in the sub-continent, and discusses best practices of including their interests and voices in policies and interventions.
Contact:
Karin Astrid Siegmann, Research Fellow, SDPI
Email: karin@
SUB-THEME: ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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Panel 1: 8th October 2005 Earthquake: Disaster Management, Economic Impact and Lessons
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The 8th October 2005 was by far the most devastating natural disaster in Pakistan's history. This earthquake, measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, tore through northern Pakistan, leaving tens of thousands dead and affecting more than 3 million.[1] Immediately after the earthquake, relief and rescue operations by national and international governments and organizations went underway. After the relative completion of relief efforts, the spotlight is now on reconstruction and rehabilitation of lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure. One and a half year on, it is time to reflect on what has been accomplished and what remains to be done. To date, many survivors are still suffering, as rehabilitation and reconstruction remain a challenge. The dynamics of disaster management have affected the economic and political situation, both at the micro and macro level. Broadly, papers linked to the following aspects of the political economy of disaster management are encouraged:
• Disaster Preparedness
• Governance Issues
• Lessons Learnt
• Impact Assessment of Relief/ Rehabilitation Efforts
Contact:
Abid Qaiyum Suleri, Assistant Executive Director, SDPI
Email: suleri@
Sobia N. Ahmad, Research Associate, SDPI
Email: sobia@
Panel 2: Development Interventions and the Poverty-Environment Nexus
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Both developing and transition countries are facing problems of non-sustainable development caused by global disparities and the processes of global change/globalization. To counteract the problems global disparities, extreme poverty and ensuring sustainable development, the international community developed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. Although these MDGs have provided measurable indicators, yet the issue of conflicting interests remains unresolved. For instance, the interface between poverty reduction strategies (MDG-1) and the goal of preserving the natural resource base i.e., environmental sustainability (MDG-7) is still open to discussion and being constantly re-discovered and re-invented. Accordingly, efforts are being made by various international organizations to bridge the gap between livelihoods security (poverty reduction) and environmental sustainability in a pragmatic way through development policies and interventions in the Southern countries. In this context, this panel aims at understanding the gap (or link) between development policies/interventions as formulated and implemented by donors, state agencies and NGOs on the one hand, and environmental sustainability and livelihood realities of the poor/marginal households on the other. We also intend to explore the role of the civil society and other stakeholders in these development policies.
Contact:
Abid Qaiyum Suleri, Assistant Executive Director, SDPI
Email: suleri@
Babar Shahbaz, Assistant Professor, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
babar.shahbaz@
IV. SUB-THEME: HEALTH
Panel 1: Sustainable Solutions in the Health Sector
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The emergence of complex health systems across the world makes it necessary to redefine the responsibility of the health sector for health protection and promotion. Health is protected by the creation of safe, clean and pleasant environments and of services, which emphasize prevention of illness, as well as care for the sick. There is a need to ensure that access to health care facilities and services is not limited to those with resources.
The idea of finding sustainable solutions in the health sector is based on a synthesis of socioeconomic and development approaches that aspire to conserve resources and yet be able to improve outcomes. It is hoped that through carefully worked out solutions, the goal of good and equitable health can be achieved. For sustainable health solutions, it is proposed that things should not be done twice: one for development and second for health, but that human health development should take place simultaneously with economic development. The goal is that health considerations should go hand in hand with the process of overall development for fighting death and disease, improving survival and quality of life, living conditions and nutrition.
The Tenth SDC will try to present / share these solutions for sustainable health in a South Asian context. The broader themes that will be covered are:
• Solutions for health care finance delivery, health services reforms
• Aging, fertility and mortality declines
• Solutions for reducing incidence of communicable and non-communicable diseases
• Global environmental threats and solution for human health and survival
• New technologies: information and telemedicine services
• Sustainable public private partnerships for health
• Sustainable population health
Contact:
Shafqat Shehzad, Research Fellow, SDPI
Email: shafqat@
V. SUB-THEME: HISTORY
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Panel 1: Rewriting History
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The panel is part of a follow up of SDPI’s project on the above topic, to be concluded in December 2007. The project captures the personal memories of a generation that simultaneously witnessed Indo-Pak Partition of 1947, the separation of Pakistan in 1971, as well as the trauma of the violence associated with these events. It is hoped that this recording and understanding will also be an enquiry into the cultural patterns, and social profile of the genocidal mentality in South Asian cultures.
The panel will address how the people of India, Pakistan and present day Bangladesh underwent the massacre and migration during and after Partition 1947. What was the role of political and external agents in the establishment, nature and stability of Bangladesh in 1971? How did the Bengalis face massacre and displacement? How the immigrants of 1947, for instance, the Bihari community, had to migrate again? What was the role played by minorities in saving lives and promoting interfaith harmony?
Contact:
Ahmad Salim, Research Associate/Editor, SDPI
Email: salim@
Panel 2: Common History in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
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India, Pakistan and Bangladesh have centuries old common past and socio-political histories, but in the historiography of the South Asian neighboring countries, state ideologies “got a mythological interpretation in a cluster of images, symbols, slogans that express the inner agendas of the respective governments to peoples for which politics is too complicated to grasp” (Malkova, 2001). It is also rightly observed that “distortions in the presentation and interpretation of history have contributed to the spread of communalism” (Khan and Daudpota, 2000), intolerance and violence, in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, while successive governments with a soft corner for the rightist groups and ideologies have reinforced it “through the government's patronage. Hatred is being preached through distorted history books” (Khan and Daudpota, 2000). It is apt to note that, “history in these countries is loaded with cross communal overtones. Clearly, the sole purpose of this reinterpretation of historical facts is to indoctrinate and poison people's minds with a prejudiced vision of the past” (Hindustan Times, 2000).
Taking the historiography of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh into account, it is proposed that historians and scholars are invited from these countries to take part in these panels. It is noteworthy here that the SDPI does not have a monotonous and mega history concept in mind. The outcome of the presentations should appreciate the diversity and rich culture of the region. There is also a need to identify the events that states use for creating enemy image and present them in a manner acceptable to people of all the three countries. One such example is Partition of the subcontinent in 1947. The panel, in addition to identifying the problems, will also devise a roadmap for furthering the concept of a common and objective history in the region.
Contact:
Ahmad Salim, Research Associate/Editor, SDPI
Email: salim@
References cited in the Concept Note:
1. Hindustan Times Editorial, “Talibanisation of Textbooks: Sangh Brand History has Crass Communal Overtones,” 6 June 2000:
2. Khan, Foqia Sadiq, and Daudpota, Q. Isa, Joint Indo-Pak School History Textbook on the Web,September 26, 2000:
3. Malkova, Liliana, USSR: Myth as Reality:
General Information
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Reservation: Speakers whose papers are accepted for presentation should make their reservations for the most economical tickets to Islamabad well in time to ensure availability of seats.
Travel grants: The SDPI is attempting to seek travel grants for those participants invited from South Asia who may require them. Kindly inform the panel organizer and the SDC Coordinator (address given below) if you can share the travel, board and lodging costs. Those interested in participating from the Northern countries are encouraged to seek their own travel funds.
Reimbursement of travel cost: For those whose travel grant is approved by the SDPI, travel cost will be reimbursed upon arrival at the Conference and upon submission of the following documents:
• an original invoice of the airline/travel agent;
• a copy of the most economical ticket; and,
• a soft and printed copy of the Conference paper.
Submission of abstract/paper: The speakers will be required to submit an abstract to the relevant panel organizer by Wednesday, 1 August 2007 that will go through a review process. The speakers whose abstracts are approved will be required to submit their papers by Monday, 1 October 2007. The approved papers will be published into an edited volume at a later date. For further details, refer to the section titled Author’s Guidelines.
Information for Indian passport holders
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Speakers who hold an Indian passport are required to submit their documents to the SDPI latest by Friday, 31 August 2007. Scanned copies of the following documents are required for facilitating visas of the Indian passport holders:
1. Clearly scanned copy of the passport's first 4 pages that include particulars about their names, passport number, name of the father/spouse, date/place of birth, address, date and place of issue, date of expiry and their photo;
2. A clearly scanned passport size photo;
3. Filled pro-forma (placed at SDPI’s website: ) of the Ministry of Interior;
4. Designation and name of your organization;
5. Permanent address;
6. Present address if different from the above;
7. Phone and fax number(s), and email address;
8. For police registration, please bring with you three photographs and three photocopies of your passport including the first four pages and the page stamped with Pakistani visa.
Documents submitted later than the above mentioned deadline will not be entertained or cleared for visa by the Ministry of Interior, Islamabad. The Ministry of Interior will issue a letter of clearance upon receipt of the relevant documents. The Ministry of Interior requires at least 10 to 12 weeks to process the application. A copy of the letter of clearance will be faxed to the speaker by the SDPI. The speaker will then approach the High Commission of Pakistan to obtain a visa application form and to have the visa stamped on the passport. Apart from the visa clearance letter, the speaker will also need to carry an original letter of invitation for the Conference from the SDPI while applying for the visa.
Kindly note, the SDPI can sponsor visa only for Islamabad. If a speaker intends to travel to another city in Pakistan, s/he will need to have the visa sponsored by a sponsor in that city.
Please email scanned copies of the above documents to the SDC Associate, Sarah Siddiq, at: sarah@
For further information on the Tenth Sustainable Development Conference, contact:
Uzma T. Haroon
SDC Coordinator
Or
Sarah Siddiq
SDC Associate
Sustainable Development Policy Institute
# 3 UN Boulevard, Diplomatic Enclave-1, G-5
Islamabad, Pakistan
Tel: (92-51) 2278134; 2270674-6
Fax: (92-51) 2278135
Email: uzma@; and, sarah@
To read about SDPI and updated information on SDC series, visit the SDPI website:
Author Guidelines[2]
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1. Abstract
A soft copy of the abstract of not more than 400 words should be submitted by Wednesday, 1 August 2007 to the panel organizer whose contact details are provided with each of the panel write-up. It should clearly state the title, theme, objectives, sources of data, and major expected findings. It should include the author’s full name, a brief bionote as author of no more than 30 words, complete contact address (email as well as postal), telephone and fax numbers. A screening committee will review the abstracts. The approved abstracts shall be posted electronically on the SDPI’s SDC website:
Example of an Author’s Bionote
Rubina Ahmad is a professor at the Department of Sociology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. She is an author and gender activist, and has worked with various UN and international organizations on gender issues.
1. Paper
Upon approval of the abstract by the screening committee, a soft and printed copy of the paper should be submitted no later than Monday, 1 October 2007 to the panel organizer. It should be concise not exceeding a maximum of 8,000 words, approximately 25 type-written pages (1.5 line spacing, 12 font size, Times New Roman font), including all tables, figures and references.
An abstract of 150 words should be provided at the beginning of the paper. The paper should include the author’s full name, a brief bionote as author of no more than 30 words, complete contact address (email as well as postal), telephone and fax numbers. References cited should be complete and given in a standardized manner as explained below.
Approved papers will be published by the SDPI in an edited volume at a later date. An anthology of the previous SDC is launched at the succeeding SDC.
2. Title
Titles for the paper, tables and figures should be concise and clearly indicate the subject matter being dealt with.
3. Sections and Sub-Sections
Bold all sections and a maximum of 3 digits numbering of sub-sections (you should use 3.2.1, and avoid 3.2.2.1). Sub-section headings should start at the left margin.
4. Lists, Tables and Figures
Provide a list of abbreviations/acronyms used, as well as a Glossary of Key Terms, especially those mentioned in native language with their English translation and brief explanation. Present only important tables and figures that illustrate the points made. Tables and figures should be well designed and complete to avoid lengthy explanation in the text. Each figure should be presented on a separate page and should not exceed half-a-page in size and should leave margins on both sides. Where you are reproducing data from a diagram or table, or copying the entire table or diagram, in your paper, a reference should be made to the source.
A reference within the text to a Table taken from a book should include the author and page (Smith 2005, p.33). Where the source of the data is not the author’s own, but obtained from another source, this is a second hand reference and needs to be cited thus (United Nations 1975 cited in Smith 2005, p.33).
5. Footnotes and Endnotes
For longer explanations, use footnotes indicated using auto numbers. Footnotes should not provide references given within the text. The bionote should be given on the first page using an asterisk (*). Endnotes should NOT be used.
6. Syntax and Language
Each paragraph should contain a full message and use simple language. Avoid lengthy sentences. Use US spellings and indicate all monetary values in dollars ($).
7. References[3]
Use the Harvard system - whereby the author’s surname and year of publication are cited in the text, e.g. (Bond 2004), and a reference list (of these citations), in alphabetical order by author, included at the end of the paper. It is here additional bibliographical details are noted, such as the title and publisher. Papers with incomplete or incorrect references will not be accepted.
Each reference should use the elements and punctuation given in the following examples for the different types of published work you may have cited:
For Books, Working Papers, Monographs
Author(s) surname(s) and initials
Year of publication of edition referred to
Full title of book/thesis/dissertation (including subtitle) in italics using Title case
Edition of book (if not first edition)
Place of publication
Name of publisher
o Ulrich, W. (1983) Critical Heuristics of Social Planning, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
o Kirk, J. and Munday, R.J. (1988) Narrative Analysis, 3rd ed., Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
For Books with Multiple Authors
The first Author only surname and initials, followed by ‘et al’, other authors are omitted
Year of publication of edition referred to
Full title of book/thesis/dissertation (including subtitle) in italics using Title case
Edition of book (if not first edition)
Place of publication
Name of publisher
o Grace, B. et al. (1988) A History of the World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
For Books which are Edited
Author(s) surname(s) and initials, followed by ed. or eds.
Year of publication of edition referred to
Full title of book/thesis/dissertation (including subtitle) in italics using Title case
Edition of book (if not first edition)
Place of publication
Name of publisher
o Keene, E. ed. (1988) Natural Language, Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
o Silverman, D.F. and Propp, K.K. eds. (1990), The Active Interview, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
For Chapters of Edited Books
Chapter author(s) surname(s) and initials
Year of publication (of chapter)
Title of chapter in quotes ‘’ using Title case
Followed by in
Editor(s) first name/ initials and surname(s) of the book, placing ed. or
eds. after the last name
Title of the book (including subtitle) in italics using Title case
Edition of the book (if not the first)
Place of publication
Name of publisher
Year of publication (of book)
Page numbers if relevant, first page and last page e.g. pp. 3-8
o Smith, J. (1975) ‘A Source of Information,’ in W. Jones (ed.) One Hundred and One Ways to Find Information about Health, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
o Samson, C. (1970) ‘Problems of Information Studies in History,’ in S. Stone (ed.) Humanities Information Research, Sheffield: CRUS, 1980, pp. 44-68.
For Journal Articles
Author(s) surname(s) and first name initials
Year of publication
Title of article in quotes ‘’ using Title case
Name of journal in italics using Title case
Volume number
Issue number in brackets (-)
Page numbers, first page and last page e.g. pp. 3-8
o Boughton, J.M. (2002) ‘The Bretton Woods Proposal, An In-depth Look,’
Political Science Quarterly, 42 (6), pp.564-78.
For Conference Papers
Contributing author’s surname, initials
Year of publication
Title of contribution in commas using Title case
Followed by in
Initials surname of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed by ed.
Title of conference proceedings/conference in italics including date and place of conference using Title case
Place of publication (if applicable)
Publisher (if applicable)
Page numbers of contribution (if applicable)
o Silver, K. (1991) “Electronic Mail: The New Way to Communicate,” in D.I. Raitt, (ed.) 9th International Online Information Meeting, 3-5 December 1990 London, Oxford: Learned Information, pp. 323-330.
For Newspaper/Bulletin Articles
Author(s) surname(s) and first name
Year of publication in brackets
Title of article in quotes using Title case
Name of newspaper in italics
Date and month
Page number of article
o Hisam, Zeenat (2000), “Karachi 2000,” The News on Sunday, 3 April, p. 23.
o Khan, Shaheen Rafi (2000) “The Environment-Poverty Nexus: Do Poor Communities really Degrade the Environment?” SDPI Research & News Bulletin, March-June 2000, pp. 1-4.
For E-Books
Author(s) surname(s) and initials
Year of publication of edition referred to
Full title of book/thesis/dissertation (including subtitle) in italics using Title case
Type of medium should be indicated in parentheses or square brackets, ie. [e-book; CD; database etc.]
Edition of book (if not first edition)
Place of publication
Name of publisher
Available from, should include Web site address/URL and additional details of access, such as the routing from the home page of the source
Accessed, or cited date in square brackets
o Fishman, Robert (2005) The Rise and Fall of Suburbia [e-book], Chester: Castle Press, Available from: libweb.anglia.ac.uk / E-books [cited 5 June 2005].
o Employment Law and Practice (2005) [CD-ROM], London: Gee
Available from: libweb.anglia.ac.uk/ E-books [cited 7 June 2005].
For E-Journal Articles
Author(s) surname(s) and first name initials
Year of publication
Title of article in quotes using Title case
Name of journal in italics
Type of medium should be indicated in square brackets
Volume number
Issue number in brackets (-)
Page numbers, only if these are part of the webpage presentation
Available from, URL and other location and source details, which would help
to retrieve the article
Accessed, or cited date in square brackets
o Boughton, J.M. (2002) ‘The Bretton Woods Proposal, An In-depth Look,’ Political Science Quarterly, [online], 42 (6), Available from : , Blackwell Science Synergy, [cited 12 June 2005].
Citing from an Interview
Name of interviewee
Relationship/credentials of the interviewee related to the paper
Purpose of interview
Date of interview
Place of interview
Personal Communications
Cite personal communications in the text only. Give initials as well as the surname of the communicator and provide as exact a date as possible.
o Many designers do not understand the needs of disabled people according to Fatima Reiss (personal communication, 14 April 2005).
Referencing Other Types of Documents
o Development and Environment (1971) Report and Working Papers of Experts convened by the Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Founex, Switzerland, Paris: Mouton.
o British Standards Institution (1990) BS 5555:1990, Recommendations For Wiring Identification, Milton Keynes: BSI.
o Marks and Spencer (2004) The Way Forward, Annual Report 2003-2004. London: Marks and Spencer.
Go to Sub-Themes or Table of Contents
-----------------------
[1] (Accessed 16.09.2006)
[2] The sources quoted in these guidelines have been compiled for the purposes of illustration only. Any similarity with published work is coincidental. This guide has been complied with reference to the Harvard Style and the British Standards Institution for referencing published material.
[3] Remember that you must acknowledge your source every time you refer to someone else’s work. Failure to do so amounts to plagiarism, which is against SDPI’s rules and is a serious offence.
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