2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Report
2019 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES
Includes a Special Report on Alzheimer's
Detection in the Primary Care Setting: Connecting Patients
and Physicians
About this report
2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures is a statistical resource for U.S. data related to Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Background and context for interpretation of the data are contained in the overview. Additional sections address prevalence, mortality and morbidity, caregiving and use and costs of health care, long-term care and hospice. A Special Report discusses Alzheimer's detection in the primary care setting.
dAlzheimAelrz'hs eAimsseorc'isatAiossno. c2i0at1io9nA. 2lz0h1ei9mAelrz'hs eDimisear'sseDFiascetasseanFdacFtisguarneds.FAiglzuhreism. AelrzshDeiemmeersntD2e0m1e9n;1t 52(031):93;2115-(38)7:3. 21-87.
Specific information in this year's Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures includes:
? Brain changes that occur with Alzheimer's disease (page 5).
? Risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia (page 12). ? Number of Americans with Alzheimer's dementia
nationally (page 17) and for each state (page 19). ? Lifetime risk for developing Alzheimer's dementia
(page 19). ? Proportion of women and men with Alzheimer's and
other dementias (page 19). ? Number of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease
nationally (page 25) and for each state (page 27), and death rates by age (page 28). ? The impact of caregiving on caregivers (page 34). ? Number of family caregivers, hours of care provided, and economic value of unpaid care nationally (page 31) and for each state (pages 36-37). ? National cost of care for individuals with Alzheimer's or other dementias, including costs paid by Medicare and Medicaid and costs paid out of pocket (page 43). ? Medicare payments for people with dementia compared with people without dementia (page 45). ? Attitudes toward cognitive assessment among seniors and primary care physicians (page 64). ? Awareness and use of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit among seniors and primary care physicians (page 65).
The Appendices detail sources and methods used to derive statistics in this report.
When possible, specific information about Alzheimer's is provided; in other cases, the reference may be a more general one of "Alzheimer's or other dementias."
2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures
1
CONTENTS
Overview
Brain Changes Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
5
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
5
Diagnosis of Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease
8
Treatment of Alzheimer's Dementia
10
Living with Alzheimer's Dementia
11
Uncommon Genetic Factors Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
11
Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Dementia
12
Looking to the Future
15
Prevalence
Prevalence of Alzheimer's and Other Dementias in the United States
17
Incidence of Alzheimer's Dementia
18
Lifetime Risk of Alzheimer's Dementia
19
Estimates of the Number of People with Alzheimer's Dementia by State
19
Differences Between Women and Men in the Prevalence and Risk of Alzheimer's and Other Dementias
19
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Alzheimer's and Other Dementias
21
Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Alzheimer's Dementia Over Time
23
Mortality and Morbidity
Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease
25
Public Health Impact of Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease
25
State-by-State Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease
25
Alzheimer's Disease Death Rates
26
Duration of Illness from Diagnosis to Death
26
Burden of Alzheimer's Disease
28
2
Alzheimer's Association. 2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers Dement 2019;15(3):321-87.
Caregiving
Unpaid Caregivers
31
Who Are the Caregivers?
31
Caregiving and Women
31
Caregiving Tasks
32
Duration of Caregiving
33
Hours of Unpaid Care and Economic Value of Caregiving
33
Impact of Alzheimer's Caregiving
34
Interventions Designed to Assist Caregivers
39
Paid Caregivers
40
Direct-Care Workers for People with Alzheimer's or Other Dementias
40
Shortage of Geriatric Health Care Professionals in the United States
40
Enhancing Health Care for Family Caregivers
41
Trends in Dementia Caregiving
41
Use and Costs of Health Care, Long-Term Care and Hospice
Total Cost of Health Care and Long-Term Care
43
Use and Costs of Health Care Services
44
Use and Costs of Long-Term Care Services
47
Use and Costs of Health Care and Long-Term Care Services by Race/Ethnicity
54
Avoidable Use of Health Care and Long-Term Care Services
55
Projections for the Future
56
Special Report -- Alzheimer's Detection in the Primary Care Setting: Connecting Patients and Physicians
Brief Cognitive Assessment in Primary Care
59
Medicare Annual Wellness Visit
59
The State of Brief Cognitive Assessment in Primary Care: Primary Care Physician and Consumer Surveys
60
Toward Better Cognitive Assessment: Challenges and Steps Forward
66
Conclusions68
Appendices
End Notes
69
References72
Contents
3
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