Present Tense Conjugation
Present Tense Conjugation
All Spanish infinitives end with -ar, -er, -ir (the infinitive ending).
To form the present (indicative) tense first drop the infinitive ending to get the stem. Then, add the appropriate endings below.
-ar -er -ir
-o -amos -o -emos -o -imos
-as -es -es
-a -an -e -en -e -en
Hablar-to talk comer-to eat vivir-to live
hablo hablamos como comemos vivo vivimos
hablas comes vives
habla hablan come comen vive viven
There are many irregulars in the present tense.
Ir-to go ser-to be estar-to be
voy vamos soy somos estoy estamos
vas eres estás
va van es son está están
oír-to hear dar-to give ver-to see saber-to know
oigo oímos doy damos veo vemos sé sabemos
oyes das ves sabes
oye oyen da dan ve ven sabe saben
The Present tense form of several verbs end in -go. All other forms are regular. We refer to these verbs as yo-go verbs.
Hacer-to do/to make poner-to put/place others:
hago hacemos pongo ponemos caer: caigo
haces pones salir: salgo
hace hacen pone ponen traer: traigo
In the Present tense many verbs that end in -cer or -cir have a present tense yo form that ends in -zco or -zo.
Conducir-to drive others: concocer: conozco
conduzco conducimos pertenecer: pertenezco ofrecer: ofrezco
conduces convencer: convenzo
conduce conducen traducir: traduzco
In the Present tense verbs that end in -ger or -gir, the g changes to a -j in the yo form only.
Escoger-to choose proteger-to protect exigir-to demand
escoje escogimos protejo protegimos exijo exigimos
escoges proteges exiges
escoge escogen protege protegen exige exigen
Stem Changing Present Tense
In present tense stem changers have an internal vowel change or substitution. This change occurs in all verb forms except nosotros (and vosotros which means ya'll and we will not study in this class).
e-ie comenzar(ie)-to begin
comienzo comenzamos
comienzas
comienza comienzan
o-ue or u-ue dormir-to sleep jugar-to play
duermo dormimos juego jugamos
duermes juegas
duerme duermen juega juegan
e-i pedir-to ask for or order
pido pedimos
pides
pide piden
Yo-go verbs that are also stem changers carry the -go in first person then return to a regular stem changing pattern.
Decir(i)-to say venir(ie)-to come tener(ie)-to have
digo decimos vengo venimos tengo tenimos
dices vienes tienes
dice dicen viene vienen tiene tienen
Stem changing verbs that end in -gir the -g changes to a -j in yo only
Corregir (i)--to correct: corrijo eligir(i)--to choose/elect: elijo
Shoe Verb Wannabe's: Certain verbs have a spelling change in all but nosotros form. Verbs that end in -iar or -uar have a written accent on the final vowel of the stem. Verbs ending in -uir add a y before the regular ending.
esquiar--to ski actuar-to act incluir-to include
esquío esquiamos actúo actuamos incluyo incluimos
esquías actúas incluyes
esquía esquían actúa actúan incluye incluyen
Reflexive verbs in Spanish: Verbs can be reflexive in any tense. Verbs are reflexive if and only if the giver of the action is also receiving the action. The reflexive pronoun refers to the same person as the subject of the verb.
Lavarse-to wash one's self divertirse(ie) to enjoy one's self
me lavo nos lavamos me divierto nos divertimos
te lavas te diviertes
se lava se lavan se divierte se divierten
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