Vocabulary – Conjunctive Adverbs



Vocabulary – Conjunctive Adverbs

To add information:

Moreover / Furthermore - in addition to what has been said (adds supporting information)

Ex. - The cameras will deter potential criminals. Moreover, they will help police a great deal when a crime actually is committed.

Ex. - Swimming alone is against the rules; moreover, it's dangerous.

Ex. - I'm not interested in what you are selling; furthermore, I asked your company not to contact me ever again.

To show cause and effect:

Thus / Therefore / Consequently - because of that; for that reason; as a result

Ex. - This detergent is highly concentrated; thus you will need to dilute it.

Ex. - Payment was received two weeks after it was due. Therefore, you will be charged a late fee.

Ex. - Taxes were lowered; consequently, complaints were fewer.

To introduce facts or examples:

Indeed - without any question; used when making a statement that adds to or strengthens a previous statement (always agrees with previous statement)

Ex. – Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student; indeed, she makes straight A’s on every report card.

In fact – in reality (may agree or disagree with previous statement)

Ex. – Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student. In fact, she makes straight A’s on every report card. (agrees)

Ex. – Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student; in fact, her mother does most of her work for her.

To show contrast:

However - used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict

something that has been said previously.

Ex. - I would like to go; however, I think I'd better not.

Nevertheless / Nonetheless - in spite of what has just been said

Ex. – Her date was a bit of a slob; nevertheless, she had fun.

Ex. - Sometimes you can be a real jerk; nonetheless, I like you.

Most definitions and example sentences taken from merriam-.

|Explanation of “Nevertheless” |

|English learners are often confused by "nevertheless" and "however," and for good reason! You can always replace "nevertheless" |

|with "however," but you cannot always replace "however" with "nevertheless." What gives? |

| |

|"Nevertheless" is a transition. Like all transitions, "nevertheless" links two clauses, showing a logical relationship between |

|them. "Nevertheless" indicates concession. What is concession? Put simply, a concession is something that is unexpected or |

|surprising. Consider this statement: |

|Jane lived in Tokyo for ten years. |

| |

|So, given that Jane lived in Japan for a long time, what would be unexpected or surprising? |

|Jane has never been to Peru. |

|Jane can't speak any Japanese. |

| |

|The first statement is not a surprise. Japan and Peru are not close together. These are simply contrasting ideas. However, the |

|second statement is a surprise. We would expect Jane to speak at least some Japanese since she lived in Japan for so long. Thus, we|

|can use "nevertheless" to connect the two ideas: |

|Jane lived in Tokyo for ten years; nevertheless, she can't speak any Japanese. |

| |

|"However" can indicate both concession AND contrast, so you can use "however" anywhere you can use "nevertheless." |

| |

|Copied from . |

Conjunctive adverbs may be used anywhere in a sentence. When used at the beginning of a sentence, they are almost always followed by a comma. (An exception may be made only if the conjunctive adverb has just one syllable, such as thus or hence.)

When used in the middle or at the end of a sentence, commas are commonly used, but optional. In the middle of a sentence, use commas before and after the conjunctive adverb. At the end of a sentence, use a comma before the conjunctive adverb and a period after it.

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