CHAPTER 18 PC’s ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER 18 PC’s ON THE INTERNET
TCP/IP is the language of the internet
In general IP(internet protocol) handles Routing.
TCP(transmission control protocol) handles Reliability.
IP identifies networks & individual hosts using IP addresses
TCP identifies individual services using tcp port numbers
Other Protocols that help IP do it’s job
ARP – Address Resolution Protocol – matches IP address to MAC address
RARP – reverse ARP – matches MAC address to IP address
ICMP – internet control message protocol – carries error & diagnostic information
TCP uses socket numbers to identify a particular service on a source or target computer
A socket number = ip address: tcp port number example 10.100.10.250:80
Well known port numbers range from 1 – 1024 & are reserved
Port numbers 1025-65536 are open for use
TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE
Application protocols
• HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 80
• SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 25
• TELNET
• DNS 53
• SNMP 25
• FTP File Transfer Protocol 20
Transport protocols
• TCP connection
• UDP connectionless
Internetwork protocols
• IP
• HELPERS
TCP/IP UTILITIES
• Ping – test connectivity
• Tracert – tests connectivity & displays the route taken to get to the destination
• Nslookup – displays information about IP addressing and DNS domain names
• IPconfig – Microsoft command (windows 2000, XP, 2003, vista) displays tcp/ip configuration settings
WAYS TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET
• Dialup
• Cable modem
• DSL
• ISDN
• Satellite access
• Wireless access
DIAL UP PROTOCOLS
• Slip – serial line internet protocol
o Not secure
o Obsolete
• Ppp – point to point protocol
o Secure
o More efficient than slip
o Dominates today
CABLE MODEM & DSL PROTOCOLS
• PPPOE – point to point protocol over Ethernet
WEB PAGE CACHING
Server side caching – the web server caches or stores web pages in case you wish to view them again
Client side caching – the web browser stores web pages for you to view later
ROUTERS – connect different networks
Hardware – anycomputer with 2 or more nics can act as a router
Software – routers can be dedicated computers or they can be network servers that offer other services as well
WINDOWS XP NETWORK SERVICES
ICS – internet connection sharing
• Allows an XP computer with a connection to the internet to act like a router if other computers can connect to that XP computer on the local LAN
• Limited to very small (10 or less) groups of computers
• Very simple to configure, but configuration is automatic and cannot be changed
ICF – internet connection firewall
• A software firewall that will block incoming packets that are not in response to a request form your XP computer
• Greatly improved in service pack 2
VPNS – virtual private network
A secure, logical connection form 1 computer to another: originally designed to use the internet as it’s infrastructure
VPNS use tunneling & encryption
While there are 4 types of VPNS, these tow are the most popular
• PPTP – point to point tunneling protocol
• L2TP & IPSEC
o L2TP – layer 2 tunneling protocol
o IPSEC – IP security for encryption
VPNS are a type of remote access
Remote access to networks requires a secure way to provide a username & password to login
AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS
• EAP – smart cards
• MSCHAP 1 & 2
• CHAP
• SPAP
WEB BROWSERS
Graphic tools used to view world wide web sites
URL – uniform resource locator
Each web page is identified by a unique URL
TROUBLESHOOTING BROWSER PROBLEMS
• Scan for viruses often
• Keep the browser up to date
• Reinstall the browser if necessary
SECURE WEB OPERATIONS (HTTPS)
• Uses SSL (secure sockets layer, uses digital certificates)
• New version of SSL is: TLS (transport layer security)
E-MAIL
• Uses SMTP or SMTP AUTH, for e-mail messages sent to an E-MAIL server
• Uses POP3 or IMAP for E-MAIL messages that are downloaded from an email server by the recipient
FTP – becoming obsolete
• A tcp/ip service that works at the command prompt to allow users to upload and download files to and from a FTP server
VOIP – voice over IP
• A protocol that allows voice communications over a network
• Requires that each digital phone be assigned a telephone number from the VOIP provider
• Uses dynamic IP addressing
• Uses ferrite clamps to reduce EMI
REMOTE DESKTOP
• Gives a user access to their XP computer from anywhere on the internet
• Requires static IP address
• Must be enabled in My computer, properties, remote
• Start remote desktop – start – programs – accessories – communications – remote desktop.
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