Course Title:



Course Title: Histopathology

Course Number: MeLS 432

Credit Hours: 3

Lecture: 2 hours/week

Laboratory: 3 hours/week

Prerequisite: None

Instructor:

Course Objective:

At the end of the course the students will able to describe the basic concepts of histopathology, and apply histopathological techniques in the diagnosis of tissue abnormality

Supporting objectives

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Define Histopathology.

2. Discuss pathologic tissue changes

3. Discuss purposes of histopathological examinations

4. Apply laboratory safety as it is related to all aspects of the Histology laboratory.

5. Process surgical and autopsy tissue specimens.

6. Correctly and safely operate a rotary microtome to section paraffin processed blocks of tissue.

7. Stain smears and sections with routine and special staining procedures.

8. Critically evaluate the quality of the sectioning and staining of prepared slides.

9. Use knowledge of applied chemistry to solve technical problems as they are encountered in histology.

10. Perform corrective action at any stage of histopathological techniques that are inadequate.

11. Describe the different types of specimen in histopathology (pathology) laboratory

12. List and practice methods of preservation of the various specimen

13. Carry out pathological tests using the various staining techniques

14. Prepare biological material for microscopic evaluation.

15. Perform cell concentration and fixation techniques,

16. Recognize and maintain laboratory quality control in histopathology laboratory

Course description:

This is a 3 credit hour course designed to equip BSC degree students of Medical Laboratory Technology with basic Knowledge of pathology and diagnostic techniques in pathology. The course give more emphasis on histopathological techniques, fixation and fixative, tissue processing, tissue sectioning, staining and Immunocytochemistry of histopathological diagnosis.

Course outline:

Chapter One

1. Introduction to pathology (8 HOURS)

1. Etiology, morphology, pathogenesis and manifestation

2. Reversible and irreversible changes

3. Inflammation

4. Neoplasia

Chapter two

2. Fixation and fixatives (3hrs)

1. Introduction

2. purpose of fixation

3. Surgical specimen collection and handling

4. classification of fixative

5. additives to fixatives

6. factors involved in fixation

7. fixative to specific substances

8. Decalcification

CHAPTER Three

3. Tissue processing (3hrs)

1. Introduction

2. Dehydration

3. Dehydration fluids

4. clearing

5. Impregnation and embedding

6. Factors influencing the rate of tissue processing

Chapter Four

4. Tissue sectioning (2hrs)

1. Introduction

2. Microtomy

3. Type of microtome knife

4. frozen section

Chapter Five

5. Principles of staining (6 hours)

1. Type of stain

2. Affinity of stain

3. factors determining sensitivity of stains

4. Hematoxyline staining

5. Common stains in Histological techniques

6. Mounting

Chapter Six

6. Special staining methods (4hours)

1. Connective tissue staining

2. Protein, nucleic acid and amyloid

3. Carbohydrates and lipids

4. Pigments, Minerals and Bone

5. Neuroendocrine and Neuropathology techniques

6. Microorganisms

Chapter Seven

7. Immunocyto/histochemistry (2hrs)

1. Histochemistry

2. Enzyme histochemistry

3. Immunostaining

4. Immunoflourescence

5. Autoradiography

Chapter Eight

8. Cytology and museum techniques(4hours)

1. Introduction to Cytology

2. Pathology museum techniques

Learning materials:

Lecture notes, chalk and board, white board, overhead projector and transparency, laptop and LCD

References:

1. Histology. Alan Stevens, James Lowe. 1992

2. Cellular and molecular immunology. Abul K. Abbas, Adrew H. Lichtman. 5th ed. 2003

3. John D Bancroft. Marilyn Gamble. Theory and practice of histopathological techniques. 5th edition.

4. Basic pathology. 6th ed. 1997

5. Robbins. Pathologic basis of disease 6th edition. 1999

6. Berhanu S. Jemal Y. Histopathology lecture note Series, Haramaya university, 2007.

7. Luis carlos Junquwira. Basic histology, 9th edition, 1998.

Teaching Methods:

✓ Lecture

✓ Demonstration

✓ Presentation and group discussion

✓ Laboratory practice

✓ Audiovisual

Assessment Method:

➢ Assignment & Quiz (10%)

➢ Laboratory report (10%)

➢ Practical examination (20%)

➢ Mid examination (20%)

➢ Final examination (40%)

Time Allocation: 80 contact hours (32 lectures + 48 labs)

Grading: Fixed scale

Type of Examination:

Theory:

( Multiple choice questions, Short answers, Essays (minimum)

➢ Matching, Completion and True or false (Optional)

Practical:

➢ Display (spotter)

➢ Examination of specimen

➢ Demonstration of Lab procedures

➢ Identification

➢ Oral examination

Laboratory Practice

The students should have to practice the following till the end of the course

➢ Surgical and autopsy tissue specimens processing

➢ Microtome Sectioning of paraffin embedded blocks of tissue

➢ Staining of smears and sections with routine and special staining procedures.

➢ Examination of stained pathological smears

➢ Preservation of the various pathological specimen

➢ Cell concentration and fixation techniques,

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