Physics - Mrs. Knutson's Science Page
Honors Physics Review Sheet: Benchmark #1
Vocabulary- know the definition and an example of each
Acceleration
Accuracy
Area under the curve
Average velocity
Base Unit
Component vector
Constant velocity
Dependent variable
Derived Unit
Direct Relationship
Direction
Displacement
Distance
Estimation
Extrapolation
Independent variable
Instantaneous velocity
Interpolation
Inverse relationship
Kinematics
Magnitude
Manipulated variable
Motion
Precision
Quadratic Relationship
Random Error
Range
Responding variable
Resultant vector
Scalar
Scientific Notation
Significant digits
Slope
Speed
Uniform velocity
Vector
Velocity
Math Skills- complete the following
A cheetah has been clocked running 53 mph. What is this speed in m/s and km/hr?
Record at least two correct units for each of the following situation:
______ the amount of matter in a snake
______ the speed of a lizard
______ the velocity of a Zombie
______ the acceleration of a falcon
______ the distance traveled by a gazelle
______ the displacement of a baboon
Rearrange the following formulas
v = d/t t = d =
F = ma m = a =
E = mC2 m = C =
Process Skills – complete the following problems
How many significant digits does each of the following measurements contain?
1700 g _____ 1.70 g _______ 0.017 g _______ 0.0170 g _________
What is the length of the pencil in cm?
[pic]
A bag of oranges has a mass of 5.50 g. A student uses the balance in the physics classroom to mass the oranges. She recorded the following data:
Trial #1 Mass = 4.75 g
Trial #2 Mass = 4.82 g
Trials #3 Mass = 4. 78 g
Describe the data in terms of accuracy and precision.
What type of error has occurred? Justify your answer.
Scalars and Vectors – label the following as a vector or a scalar
_____ 25 m/s
_____ the distance between your home and the school
_____ pacing back and forth
_____ the speed at which the moon orbits the earth
_____ a bug calling up a wall at 3.2 cm/min
_____ 4.7 km/hr @ 42° N of E
_____ the mass of a falling object
_____ -9.8 m/s2
T or F If the statement is false, make the correct changes.
______ A scalar quantity has magnitude and direction while a vector has only magnitude.
______ Vectors at right angles may never be added.
______ The length of a vector represents the quantity’s magnitude.
______ A vector quantity is described with direction, a scalar quantity is not.
______ Speed is an example of a scalar.
Vector Addition
In a classroom lab, a Physics student walks through the hallways making several small displacements to result in a single overall displacement. The listings below show the individual displacements for students A and B. Simplify the collection of displacements into a pair of N-S and E-W displacements. Then use Pythagorean Theorem to determine the overall displacement.
|Student A |Student B |
|2 m, North |2 m, North |
|16m, East |12 m, West |
|14 m, South |14 m, South |
|2 m, West |56 m, West |
|12 m, South |12 m, South |
|46 m, West |36 m, East |
|Total Distance = |Total Distance = |
|Displacement = |Displacement = |
Short Answer
1. Does the image below demonstrate distance or displacement? Justify your answer.
[pic]
2. If the speedometer of your car reads a constant speed of 40km/hr, can you say 100% for sure that the car
has a constant velocity? Explain your answer.
3. What is the acceleration of a car that travels in a straight line at a constant speed?
4. Describe a situation in which you can accelerate even though your speed doesn’t change.
5. Describe a situation in which (a) distance is equal to displacement (b) displacement is equal to 0, but distance is a
non-zero value.
Problems
1. In the fictitious city of Metropolis, streets run east-west while avenues run north-south. The separation between centers for both the streets and the avenues is 100 m, resulting in square city blocks. Superman is located at 33rd Street and 3rd Avenue while Lois Lane is located north and east of Superman at 45th Street and 12th Avenue.
• How far would Lois Lane have to walk to reach Superman?
• How far would Superman have to fly to reach Lois Lane?
• In what direction should Superman fly to reach Lois Lane as quickly as possible?
2. A school bus filled with students going to a corn maze drives at a velocity of 65 miles/hour for 30 minutes and then 45 miles/hour for 3600 seconds.
• What is the total distance traveled by the bus (in meters)?
• What is the average velocity (m/s and km/hr) of the bus for the entire trip?
3. A roller coaster car rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope, its speed is 22 m/s.
• What is its average acceleration?
• What is this acceleration in mph?
Analysis of Graphs
1. The slope of a position-time graph gives the average __________________ of the object.
2. The slope of a velocity-time graph gives the average __________________ of the object.
3. The area under the curve of a velocity-time graph is the ________________ of the object.
[pic] [pic]
Describe the object’s motion if the two graphs above are position time graphs.
Describe the object’s motion of the object if the two graphs above are velocity time graphs.
T or F Graph A could represent an object at rest.
T or F Graph B could represent a dropped object
T or F Graph A could represent an object moving at a constant acceleration
Draw a position vs time and a velocity vs time graph for each of the following situations:
• A car and driver are stopped at a traffic light
• A car and driver travel at a constant velocity
• A car and driver travel at a constant velocity of 25 m/s for 20 minutes, stop at a traffic light for 5 minutes , then travel at a constant velocity of 40 m/s for 30 minutes.
• A car and driver accelerate uniformly, then travel at a constant velocity before slowing to a stop
Calculate the displacement (area under the curve) for the following graph:
[pic]
The graph below represents the motion of Albert, Bob and Charlie. Analyze the graph to answer the corresponding questions.
[pic]
1. Who won the race? Justify your answer.
2. Which runner stopped for a rest and for how long? Justify your answer.
3. What was each runner’s average speed for the entire race?
4. Discuss how Charlie’s motion from 0-8 seconds was different from the other two runners.
Calculate the slope of each segment of the graph below.
[pic]
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Graph A Graph B
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