What is semantics, what is meaning
What is semantics, what is meaning
Lecture 1 Hana Filip
September 8, 2008
Hana Filip
1
What is semantics?
? Semantics is the study of the relation between form and meaning
? Basic observation: language relates physical phenomena (acoustic blast we produce when we speak, chalk marks on the board, etc.) to meanings
? How do we get from certain brute physical facts to meanings? ? How do we get from physics to semantics?
? The crucial question of linguistics: How are form and meaning systematically related in an adequate grammar of natural language?
September 8, 2008
Hana Filip
2
The form-meaning link in linguistics
phonetics phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics
|_______________________________________________|
SOUNDS
MEANING
September 8, 2008
Hana Filip
3
The form-meaning link in linguistics
phonetics phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics
|_______________________________________________|
SOUNDS
MEANING
Phonetics studies the physical side of linguistic utterances--the articulation and perception of speech sounds (articulatory, acoustic and auditory).
September 8, 2008
Hana Filip
4
The form-meaning link in linguistics
phonetics phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics
|_______________________________________________|
SOUNDS
MEANING
Phonology is the study of the sound patterns of human language.
? Speech sounds as physical entities may be infinitely varied, but when they function as elements in a given language, as phonological units, they are highly constrained.
? Native speakers of any language intuitively know which sequences of speech sounds are words or could be words in their language.
English English-like Not English-like
blue grue
prst
Czech tongue twister
strc prst skrz krk
? What are the smallest meaning distinguishing units (= phonemes) in a given language? Example: cat - sat - bat - mat
September 8, 2008
Hana Filip
5
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