Metric/metric
Test #1
Metric/metric Conversions
unit of
Kilo hecto deca measure deci centi milli
x1000 x100 x10 x .1 x.01 x.001
km hm dam meters (m) dm cm mm
kL hL daL Liters (L) dL cL mL
kg hg dag grams (g) dg cg mg
English/metric Conversions
*pounds to grams- (1 pound /454 grams or 454 g/1 lb)
*inches to meters- (1 inch /2.54 centimeters or 2.54 cm/ 1 in)
*quarts to Liters- (1 quart/946 milliLiters or 946 mL/1 qt)
Temperature conversions
Boiling point of water 100oC or 212oF
Freezing point of water 0oC or 32oF
1) 40 method a) add 40
b) multiply or divide by 1.8
c) subtract 40
2) Formulas oF = (9/5) (oC)+32
oC = 5/9 (oF-32)
Dimensional analysis
Known quantity ( Conversion factor ( unknown
Example conversion of 120 miles to kilometers
(120 miles)(5280 ft/1 mile)(12 in/1 ft)(2.54 cm/1 in)(1 m/100 cm)(1 km/1000 m) =
Rounding off
Significant figures
Scientific notation
Scientific method
Data
□ Hypothesis
□ Experimentation
□ Theory/law/Scientific Law
Mass ( grams) is measured with a balance
Weight (pounds) is measured with a scale
Length (meters) is measured with a meter stick
Density
Density = mass per unit volume
D = g/1 mL = g/1 cc = g/1 cm3 = g/1 L (= lbs/1 ft3 = lbs/1 gallon)
a) calculate density
b) mass to volume
c) volume to mass
Specific Gravity = mass of an object divided by the mass of an equal
volume of water ( same as density but it has no units)
Terminology
Chemistry - the branch of science that deals with the nature of matter and
the changes that matter undergoes.
Precision- how well a set of measurements agree with each other
Accuracy-how well a set of measurements agree with the true value
Crystalline – solid with a regular pattern
Amorphous – solid with no regular pattern
Physical change - there is no change in chemical composition only a change in
state or in shape
Chemical change - a change in chemical composition resulting in new physical
properties
Matter - anything that has mass and occupies space
Substance - a particular kind of matter
A pure substance has a definite composition with definite properties
Mass -a measure of the quantity of matter
Element - a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances
by ordinary chemical means
It is the basic form of matter at ordinary conditions
Atom - the smallest particle of an element
Compound - two or more elements chemically combined
Molecules - two or more atoms chemically combined
Diatomic molecule – molecules that contain two atoms
Binary compound – compound that contains only two kinds of elements
Diatomic elements - elements that exist in nature as two combined atoms
Ions - atoms with excess electrons or the lack of electrons
Polyatomic ion - two or more combined atoms that have a charge
Property - inherent characteristic of a substance chemically or physical that
we can measure
Physical property - a property that can be measured with out a change in
chemical composition
Chemically property – tells how a substance reacts
Physical state – solid, liquid, or gas
a) solid has definite shape and a definite volume
b) Liquid has shape of container and a definite volume
c) Gas has the volume of its container and the shape of its container
Mixture composed of two or more substance
a) variable composition
b) can be separated mechanically
Homogenous mixture – It is the same throughout
Heterogeneous mixture – It has different phases
Solution – a homogeneous mixture
Temperature – a measure of the intensity of heat
Heat - thermal energy
Energy – is the ability to do work
Calories -amount energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of
H20 one degree Celsius
BTU (British thermal unit) - amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of one pound of H20 one degree Fahrenheit
Law of conservation of mass
Law of conservation of energy
E = mc2
Law of conservation of mass and energy
Types of energy Heat of reaction
Kinetic or Potential Exothermic – Rx gives up energy
Endothermic – Rx needs energy
Forms of energy
Radiant
Chemical
Thermal
Mechanical
Electrical
Nuclear
Chemical Reactions
2 Na(s) + 2H2O(l) ( 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + energy
Reactants ( Products
+ and
( reacts or yields
(s)- solid
(l)- liquid
(aq)- aqueous (dissolve in water)
(g)- gas
energy (product side) - exothermic
energy (reactant side) - endothermic
Catalysts- speeds up a chemical reaction but it is not used up in the
reaction. (Found listed above the reaction arrow)
← add heat energy (endothermic)
2KClO3 MnO2, Δ 2KCl + 3O2
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