Metric System Conversion Factors
133
Metric System Conversion Factors
Area Equivalents
1 acre = 43,560 ft2 = 4840 yd2 = 0.4047 hectares = 160 rods2 = 4047 m2 = 0.0016 sq. mile
2
1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m = 100 are = 2.471 acres = 107,639 ft
2
1 square meter (m2) = 10,000 square centimeter (cm2)
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 1728 in3 = 0.037 yd3 = 0.02832 m3 = 28,320 cm3
2
2
2
1 acre-inch = 102.8 m3 = 27,154 gal = 3630 ft3
1 cubic yard (yd3) = 27 ft3 = 0.765 m3
2
1 square yard (yd2) = 9 ft2 = 0.836 m2
1 square foot (ft ) = 144 in = 929.03 cm = 0.09290 m
Liquid Equivalents
1 ft3 of water = 7.5 gal = 62.4 lbs. = 28.3 liters
1 acre-inch of water = 27,154 gal = 3630 ft3
2
1 liter (l) = 2.113 pts. = 1000 ml = 1.057 qts. = 33.8 fl.oz. = 0.26 gal = 0.0001 m = 1,000 cm3
1 US gallon=4 qt.=8 pt. = 16 cups = 128 fl.oz. = 8.337 lbs of water = 3.785 L = 3785 ml = 231 in3 = 256 tbsp. = 0.1337 ft3
1 quart = 0.9463 liters = 2 pt. = 32 fl. oz. = 4 cups = 64 tablespoons (tbsp.)=57.75 in3 = 0.25 gal = 946.4 ml
1 pint = 16 fl. oz. = 2 cups = 473.2 ml = 32 level tablespoons = 0.125 gal = 0.5 qt
1 cup = 8 fl. oz. = ? pt. = 16 tablespoons = 236.6 ml
1 tablespoon = 14.8 ml = 3 teaspoons (tsp.) = 0.5 fl.oz.
1 milliliter (ml) = 1 cm3 = 0.034 fl.oz. = 0.002 pts
1 US fluid ounce = 29.57 ml = 2 tablespoons = 6 tsp. = 0.03125 qt
1 teaspoon = 4.93 ml = 0.1667 fl. oz. = 80 drops
Temperature Equivalents
Pressure Equivalents
degrees Centigrade = (¡ãF-32)x5/9
1 lb per square inch (PSI) = 6.9 kilopascal (kPa)
degrees Fahrenheit = (¡ãCx9/5)+32
1 PSI = 2.31 feet head of water
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 1.013 x 105 Pa = 1.013 bar = 14.70 psi
1 mmHg = 133.32 Pa = 0.133 kPa = 133,333 mPa
1Pa = 10-3 kPa = 10-6 mPa
1mPa = 103 kPa = 106 Pa
1kPa = 1cb = 0.001MPa =10 cm H 2 0 = 10 mbar = 0.01 bar = 1J/kg =
0.0099 atm. = 0.145 psi
Length Equivalents
centimeter (cm) = 0.3937 inch = 0.01 m = 0.03281 ft.
meter (m) = 3.28 feet = 39.4 inches = 100 cm = 1.094 yds = 1000 mm
kilometer = 0.621 statute mile = 1000 meters = 100,000 cm = 3281 ft = 39,370 in.
inch = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm = 0.0254 m = 0.08333 ft.
foot = 0.3048 meters = 30.48 cm = 12 inches
yard = 0.9144 meters = 3 feet = 36 inches = 91.44 cm
statute mile = 1760 yards = 5280 feet = 1.61 kilometers = 1609 meters
Mixture Ratios
Flow
1 mg/g = 1000 ppm
1 fl.oz./gal = 7490 ppm
1 gpm = 0.134 ft3/minute = 0.06308 liter/sec
1 fl.oz./100 gal = 75 ppm
1 qt/100 gal = 2 tablespoons/1.0 gal
1 ft3/min. (cfm) = 449 gal/hr. (gph) = 7.481 gal/min
1 pt/100 gal = 1 teaspoons/1gal
134
Weight Equivalents
1 ton (US) = 2000 lb = 0.907 metric tons = 907.2 kg
1 metric ton = 106 g = 1000 kg = 2205 lb
1 lb = 16 oz = 453.6 grams (g) = 0.4536 kg
1 oz (weight) = 28.35 g = 0.0625 lb
1 gram = 1000 mg = 0.0353 oz = 0.001 kg = 0.002205 lb
milligrams (mg) = 0.001 grams
1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams = 35.3 oz = 2.205 lbs
microgram (? g) = 10-6 grams = 0.001 mg
picogram = 10-12 grams
-9
nanogram (ng) = 10 grams = 0.001 micrograms (:g)
1 ppm = 0.0001% = 1 mg/kg = 1 mg/L = 1 ? g/g = 1?l/l = 1?g/mL = 0.379 g in 100 gal water = 8.34 x 10-6 lb/gal = 0.013 fl oz in 100 gal
10 ppm = 0.001% = 10 mg/L
100 ppm = 0.01% = 100 mg/L
1 ppb = 1 ?g/kg = 1 ?g/L = 1 ng/mL = 1 ng/1,000,000,000
1 ppt = 1 picogram/g
1% = 10,000 ppm = 10g/L = 1g/100ml = 10g/kg = 1.33 oz by weight/gal water = 8.34 lbs/100 gal water
1% (v/v) = 1.28 fl.oz./gal = 1 gal/100 gal
1000 ppm = 1 mg/g = 0.1% = 1000 mg/L
135
Approximate Weight of Dry Soil
Type
g/cm3
lbs/ft3
lbs/acre
(6 inches deep)
sand
1.6
100 (or 2700 lbs/yd3)
2,143,000
loam
1.3 to 1.55
80-95
1,714,000
clay or silt
1.0 to 1.30
65-80
1,286,000
0.65
40
860,000
0.325
20
430,000
muck
peat (compact)
3
Sand weights (tons):
=
yd
x
1.3
Gravel weights (tons):
=
ft3
x
110
-0.5- to 1-inch diameter gravel
=
2,700 lbs/ton
-0.25- to 0.375-inch diameter gravel
=
3,000 lbs/ton
Approximate Organic Materials for six inch depth per 1,000 sq.ft. (variance in volume of organic materials used may occur).
Desired Organic Materialo Volume in Mix
(%)
Approximate thickness applied to soil surfaces
(inches)
Organic Material Needed (cu. yd.)
per 1,000 sq.ft.
5
0.33
1.0
10
0.67
2.0
15
1.00
3.0
20
1.33
4.0
25
1.67
5.0
30
2.00
6.0
Example: If 10% organic materials is to be incorporated into the top 6-inches of a 1,000 sq.ft. area. From the chart below: the organic material is applied to a depth of 0.67 inches and 2.0 cu. yds. will
be needed.
Peat Moss Coverage
Coverage (sq.ft.)
Depth (inches)
5.6 cu. ft. Bale (compressed) when loosened covers
4.0 cu.ft Bale (compressed) when loosened covers
0.25
480
346
0.50
240
173
1.00
120
86
2.00
60
43
3.00
40
29
4.00
30
22
6.00
20
14
136
Conversions for determining turfgrass irrigation needs
1 acre-inch
=
27,154 gal
=
43,560 cu.in.
1 inch/1000 sq.ft.
=
620 gal
=
83 cu.ft.
1 gallon
=
0.134 cu.ft.
=
8.34 lbs
1 million gallon
=
3.07 acre-feet
7? gallons
=
1 cu.ft.
=
231 cu.in.
1 acre-foot
=
325,851 gal
=
43,560 cu.ft.
1 pound of water
=
0.1199 gal
Precipitation rate (in/hr)
=
gpm x 96.3
area (ft2)
Water and Soil Calculations
1 mmhos/cm = 1,000?mhos/cm = 1 dS/m = 1mS/cm
1 meq/L = 1 mmol/L = 1mol/m3
1 meq/100g = 1mmol/100g = cmol/kg
=
3,630 cu.ft.
Energy
1 calorie (cal)
=
4.184 Joule
Joule (J)
=
1 kg m2 s-2
1 kcal
=
4.184 kJ
137
Metric Conversion Factors
To Convert
Multiply by
To Obtain
Acres (a)
0.4047
Hectare (ha)
Acres
43,560
Sq. feet (ft2)
Acres
0.00405
Sq. kilometer (km2)
Acres
4047
Sq. meter (m2)
Acres
4840
Sq. yards (yd2)
Acre-feet
325,851
Sq. feet (ft2)
Acre-feet
43560
Cu. Feet (ft3)
Acre-feet
1233.5
m3
Acre-inch
102.8
m3
Bar
14.5
lb/in2
Bar
1019.7
g/cm3
Bar
29.53
inches Hg @ 0oC
Bar
75
cm Hg @ 0oC
Bar
0.001
J/kg
Bar
100
kPa
0.03524
m2
Bushels
1.245
ft3
Calorie (cal)
4.184
Joules (J)
Bushels (dry)
Centimeters (cm)
0.03281
Feet (ft)
cm
0.3937
Inches (in)
cm
0.1094
Yards (yd)
cm
0.01
Meters (m)
cm
10
Millimeters (mm)
cm/sec
1.9685
ft/min
cm/sec
0.0223694
MPH
2
0.001076
ft2
0.1550
in2
0.0610237
in3
cm (square centimeters)
cm2
3
cm (cubic centimeters)
cm3
0.0338
fl oz
Cup
8
fl oz
Cup
236.6
cm3
Feet (ft)
30.48
cm
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