Physical Science



Physical Science

Final Exam

Multiple Choice/ fill in

1. What is the number 56.7 in scientific notation?

a. 5.67 x 102 b. 5.67 x 103 c. 56.7 x 100 d. 6 x 10-2

2. Convert 30 liters to milliliters

a. .03 b. 0.3 c. 30 d. 30,000

3. A certain restaurant chain offers a 14 inch diameter pizza for 9 dollars and a

16 inch pizza for 11 dollars. Which is the better deal (hint: which gives you more pizza

surface area for the money?).

4. 3.101 kilometers is closest to:

a. 3101 meters b. 2 meters c. 24 meters

d. 0.5 meters

5. In Newton's second law, F stands for_____________.

6. A ball crashes through a glass window. The force exerted by the ball on the window is:

_____________than/as the force exerted by the glass on the ball.

a) greater b) less c) the same d) cannot be determined

7. A car (mass = 1000 kg) accelerates at 3 m/s2. How much force is exerted by the engine?

a. 300 b. 6000 N

b. 3000 N d. 3000 kg-m/s

8. Convert 3 gallons to liters.

9. A rock thrown straight up reaches the top of its path before starting to fall. Just as it begins to fall, its acceleration is:

a) greater than when it was at the top of its path

b) less than when it was at the top of its path

c) the same as when it was at the top of its path

10. The principle of conservation of energy states:

a. The total momentum in any collision is the same before as after the collision

b. Fossil fuels are being depleted

c. It’s a good idea to turn of the light when you leave a room.

d. Energy is never created or destroyed but only changes from one form to another

11. Which formula below is the definition of mechanical work?

a. F=ma b. D = M/V c. W = Fd d. p = mv

12. In the formula PE = mgh, PE is measured in:

a. Newtons b. Newton-meters c. Kg-m/s d. kilograms

13. (From your notes) Maxwell’s equations include Gauss’s law for electric charges,

Gauss’s law for magnetic charges, Ampere’s law and_________.

a. Newton’s second law b. Ohm’s law

c. Faraday’s law d. none of these

14. Earth satellites are typically more than 100 km high so as to be above the Earth’s

a. atmosphere b. gravitational field c. both

15. At Venice beach at 4 a.m. on July 4th, 1991, some teenagers from Los Angeles chose to

celebrate by firing .22 caliber pistols nearly vertically. Suppose that the muzzle velocity of a bullet is 400 meters/second. At what speed did the bullets pierce the inky pre-dawn

pacific surf (neglect air resistance)?

a. less than 400 m/s

b. more than 400 m/s

c. 400 m/s

16. A positive electric charge:

a. attracts other positive charges b. repels negative charges

c. attracts negative charges

17. The south pole of a magnet is repelled by:

a. magnetic south poles b. magnetic north poles c. neither of these

18. Acceleration is defined as:

a. A change in speed divided by time b. a change in force

c. a change in velocity divided by time

19. How much work does the 5 kg cat do who climbs 3 meters up the stairs?

a. 150 J b. 150 N c. 1500 J d. 1500 N

20. When you are in the way of a fast-moving object and can’t get out of its way, you will

suffer a smaller force of impact if you decrease its momentum over a

a. long time b. short time c. same way either way

21. (4.5 x 102)/(3 x 10-3)=______________.

22. A jet accelerates at 20 m/s2. The thrust generated by the engine is 800,000 Newtons. What is its mass?

a. 16,000,000 kg b. 640 billion kg

c. 40,000 kg d. none of these

23. Find the density of a wood block with a mass of 100 grams , a length of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm; and a height of 5 cm.

a. 0.2 g/cm b. 5 g/ml

c. 5000 g/ml d. 0 g/ml

24. Find the power generated by the cat in # 19 above if it takes it 3 seconds to

ascend the stairs.

a. about 500 watts b. about 500 newtons c. about 50 watts

d. about 4500 newtons

25. The gravitational potential energy of an object is the energy it has because:

a. of its location and mass b. of its mass only c. of its velocity only

d. of its mass and velocity

26. An absentminded astronaut leaves a monkey wrench 10 feet from a satellite

which he has been repairing. The wrench is perfectly at rest relative to the satellite

One year later, another mission visits the satellite. When they inspect the satellite, they

find (assume that there are no resistive forces): Hint: consider all FOUR of Newton’s

Laws.

a) That the wrench is in exactly the same location 10 feet from the satellite still at rest.

b) That the wrench has drifted far from the satellite.

c) That the wrench is resting gently against the metal skin of the satellite.

27. The amount of heat needed to melt 100 milligrams of ice is (it takes 80 calories to melt 1 gram of ice at 0 Celsius)

a. 80 Joules

b. 80,000 calories

c. 800 calories

d. 8 calories

28. Which below is a unit of mass:

a. The kilogram b. The liter c. The pound

d. The pint

29. Which below is a unit of force:

a. The kilogram b. The liter c. The pound

d. The pint

30. A 4 kg ball has a momentum of 48 kg-m/s. What is the ball’s speed?

a. 3 m/s b. 4 m/s c. 12 m/s d. 48 m/s

31. A rifle recoils from firing a bullet. The rifle’s recoil is small because the

a. Force against the rifle is smaller than against the bullet.

b. Momentum is mainly concentrated in the bullet

c. Rifle has more mass than the bullet

d. Momentum of the rifle is smaller

32. The force of attraction between two electrically charged socks is .09 N. When the

distance between them is tripled, the force of attraction will be:

a. .81 N b. .27 N c. .01 N

33. When ice melts it:

a. absorbs heat from its surroundings

b. releases heat to its surroundings

c. neither releases or absorbs heat

34. The method that astronomers use to determine the distance

to nearby stars by solving triangles is called:

a. the brightness method

b. the hellgrammite method

c. the parallax method

d. the H-R diagram method

35. Find the force of gravity between a 1 kg tool and a 1000 kg. The distance between the center of mass of each is 3 meters.

36. Five seconds after dropping a rock into a deep well, you hear the splash.

How deep is the well in feet?

a. 120 b. 400 c. 80 d. none of these

37. How much heat does it take to raise 4 grams of melt water (at 0 degrees C)

to the boiling point at 100 C?

a. 16 calories b. 400 calories c. 1000 calories

38. Heat transfer through empty space is called:

a. a miracle b. conduction c. convection

d. radiation

39. Ampere’s law is that:

a. permanent magnets can induce (cause) electric currents

b. moving electrons produce magnetic fields

c. moving magnetic fields can induce (cause) electric currents

40. Faraday's law is that:

a. permanent magnets can induce (cause) electric currents

b. moving electrons produce magnetic fields

c. moving magnetic fields can induce (cause) electric currents

Problems: do 5 below for 4 points each (show work):

1. Solve [pic] for [pic]

2. Give two examples of each:

Scalar quantities:

Vector quantities:

3. State Newton's three laws of motion:

Newton's first law:

Newton's second law:

Newton's third law:

4. As we discussed in class, the statement "Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity" is

false. What was it about gravity that Newton actually did discover?

5. State any two of the following:

A) The first law of thermodynamics:

B) The law of conservation of momentum

C) The second law of thermodynamics

6. Explain any two of the following:

How do astronomers know:

A. The distance to nearby stars (i.e. explain the parallax method)

B. The temperature of stars

C. The mass of a star

7. Describe all of the characteristics of the star labeled ‘B’ on the HR diagram. That is,

is it a red giant, red dwarf etc…. is it a hot or cooler star (compared to the sun)… is

etc.

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