Shaping New Behaviors - Cigna
Shaping New Behaviors
Wendy Zeballos, Ed.D., BCBA-D
Common Problems Parents Face
M y c h i l d d o e s n o t h a v e t h e s k i l l s t o p e r f o r m a s p e c i f i c t a s k . M y c h i l d h a s t h e s k i l l , b u t h e d o e s n o t p e r f o r m t h e t a s k . M y c h i l d c a n n o t t o l e r a t e c e r t a i n e l e m e n t s o f t h e t a s k
(e.g. visit to the dentist). M y c h i l d w i l l n o t f o l l o w d i r e c t i o n s .
Key Concept Of Shaping Behavior
Reinforcement
What is it? What exactly does it do? How often does it occur? How do we present it? Why is it so IMPORTANT?
Why We Should Use Positive Reinforcement
S i m p l e t o l e a r n a n d u s e H e l p s y o u r c h i l d f e e l g o o d a b o u t h i m o r h e r s e l f B u i l d s a p o s i t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n y o u a n d y o u r c h i l d C r e a t e s a p o s i t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t
Behavioral Teaching Strategies
Cycle of Instruction
Instruction Response
Consequence
Reinforce as quickly as possible to strengthen the desired behavior
Example
Instruction: Stand Up
Response: Child Stands Up
Consequence: Take a break
Behavioral Approach To Teaching New Skills
D e c i d e o n a t a r g e t . R e d u c e a c o m p l e x s k i l l ( b e h a v i o r ) i n t o s m a l l e r e l e m e n t s . U s e p r o m p t s a n d p r o m p t f a d i n g t o t e a c h i n d i v i d u a l e l e m e n t s . U s e r e i n f o r c e m e n t t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e n e w s k i l l .
Teaching Procedures
I m i t a t i o n T r a i n i n g S h a p i n g D i f f e r e n t i a l R e i n f o r c e m e n t P r o m p t s
Teaching Using Imitation Training
A s s e s s i n g p r e r e q u i s i t e s k i l l s i s n e c e s s a r y p r i o r t o u s i n g a n y procedure.
T h e g o a l o f i m i t a t i o n t r a i n i n g i s t o t e a c h c h i l d r e n t o d o w h a t the person providing the model does.
To u s e t h i s t e c h n i q u e , t h e c h i l d m u s t h a v e a n i m i t a t i v e repertoire.
Example: Can my child remain seated? Can my child look at me? Can my child look at objects? Can my child keep his hands in his lap?
Cooper, Heron and Heward, 2007
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