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|COPD – Patient Fact Sheet |

| |What is COPD? |

|(image from ) |Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, which is a progressive disease|

| |that makes it hard to breathe. |

| |What Causes COPD? |

| |Main cause is tobacco smoking along with other irritants- exhaust |

| |fumes etc., age and genetics. |

| |What Kinds of Symptoms? |

| |High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, decreased food intake, |

| |low blood oxygen saturation, clubbing of fingernails, fatigue, |

| |difficulty chewing & swallowing, constipation or diarrhea, decreased |

| |respiratory and skeletal muscle strength & endurance, increased |

| |susceptibility to infection, barrel chest (emphysema) |

| |(Mayo, 2019 & Fry 2019) |

|Nutrition Therapy: |Tips for Eating with COPD: |

|Achieve nutritional well-being |Rest just before eating. |

|Maintain appropriate balance of lean body mass to adipose tissue |Eat more food early in the morning if you're usually too tired to eat|

|Correct fluid imbalances, if present |later in the day. |

|Prevent drug-nutrient interactions (or limit if they cannot be prevented) | |

|Prevent osteoporosis (Fry 2019) |Avoid foods that cause gas or bloating. They tend to make breathing |

| |more difficult. |

| | |

| |Eat 4 to 6 small meals a day. This enables your diaphragm to move |

| |freely and lets your lungs fill with air and empty out more easily |

| | |

| |If drinking liquids with meals makes you feel too full to eat, limit |

|Case Studies: |liquids with meals; drink an hour after meals. |

|Vitamin K: | |

|Studies show that vitamin K may play a role in reducing elastin degradation and vascular |Consider adding a nutritional supplement at night time to avoid |

|calcification in COPD patients. (Piscaer, 2017) |feeling full during the day |

|Vitamin D: |Macro-nutrient Recommendations: |

|Osteoporosis is very common in patients with COPD and is a vitamin D deficiency. |Protein: 15-20% of calories |

|(Inoue, 2016) |Fat: 30-45% of calories |

| |Carbohydrate: 40-55% of calories (Fry 2019) |

| | |

| |Micro-nutrients Recommendations: |

| |Vitamin C (current smoker) & Other Antioxidants |

| |Magnesium, calcium (muscle function) |

| |Vitamin D, Vitamin K (if on steroid medication, and/or bone density) |

| |Potassium (if taking some types of diuretic) |

| |Sodium restriction if heart failure (Fry 2019) |

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|References: | |

|Fry, M. (2019). NUTR 622: COPD. [PDF document]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online | |

|Website: | |

|Inoue, D., Watanabe, R., & Okazaki, R. (2016). COPD and osteoporosis: links, risks, and treatment | |

|challenges. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 11, 637–648. | |

|doi:10.2147/COPD.S79638 | |

|Mayo Clinic (2019) COPD Retrieved from | |

| | |

|Piscaer, I., Wouters, E., Vermeer, C., Janssens, W., Franssen, F., & Janssen, R. (2017). Vitamin K | |

|deficiency: the linking pin between COPD and cardiovascular diseases?. Respiratory research, 18(1),| |

|189. doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0673- | |

| | |

|Linnette Johnson |

|Page 1 |

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