Station 1: Heart Structure



Station 1: Heart Structure

1. Use the model or diagram provided. Identify and give functions (including where blood is coming from and going to, as applicable) for each of the following:

o left and right atria

o left and right ventricles

o coronary arteries and veins

o anterior and posterior vena cava

o aorta

o pulmonary arteries and veins

o pulmonary trunk

o atrioventricular valves

o chordae tendineae

o semi-lunar valves

o septum

2. Why is the myocardium thicker on the left side of the heart?

3. Why do we feel our heartbeat better on the left side of our chest?

4. Explain what causes angina, a heart attack, and an aneurism? (p. 258)

Station 2: Heartbeat

Describe the location and functions of the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and Purkinje fibres

Describe how the autonomic nervous system increases and decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Differentiate between systolic and diastolic pressures

Explain why heartbeat is said to be under both intrinsic control and extrinsic control.

What specifically causes the “lub-dub” sound of a heartbeat?

What causes a heart murmur?

Look at an ECG diagram (p. 245). Be able to explain what causes the P-wave, QRS-complex, and T-wave. You should also be able to predict how the ECG would differ for someone sleeping, exercising and having a heart attack.

Station 3: Vascular Pathways

1. Identify and give the function (including where the vessel is carrying blood from and where it is carrying blood to) of each of the following: p. 242,246,247

subclavian arteries and veins

jugular veins

carotid arteries

mesenteric arteries

anterior and posterior vena cava

pulmonary veins and arteries

hepatic vein

hepatic portal vein

renal arteries and veins

iliac arteries and veins

coronary arteries and veins

aorta

2. Differentiate between pulmonary and systemic circulation with respect to oxygenation or deoxygenation of blood in the vessels involved p. 243

3. Demonstrate a knowledge of the path of a blood cell from the aorta through the body and back to the left ventricle p. 246,248 (fig 13.9)

4. For fetal circulation: identify and describe differences in structure and circulation between fetal and adult systems, with reference to umbilical vein and arteries, oval opening, venous duct, arterial duct p. 459

Station 4: Blood Vessels

1. Describe and differentiate among the five types of blood vessels with reference to characteristics such as: p. 240-241

structure and thickness of vessel walls

presence of valves

direction of blood flow (toward or away from the heart)

Relate blood pressure and blood velocity to the total cross-sectional area of the five types of blood vessels p. 248

Describe capillary-tissue fluid exchange p. 255. (Distinguish between the arterial and venous end of a capillary with regards to blood pressure, osmotic pressure, and net pressure)

What is lymph?

Station 5: Blood

Describe the shape, function, and origin of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

List the major components of plasma

Explain the roles of antigens and antibodies

Explain how a blood clot forms (see Raycroft notes)

Why might somebody with a calcium deficiency have problems with blood clotting?

What is hemophilia?

What do the terms thrombosis, embolism and stroke mean? (p. 256)

What is hypertension? (p.256)

What is atherosclerosis? (p. 256)

Station 6: the Lymphatic System

Describe the functions of the lymphatic system

Identify and give functions of lymph capillaries, veins, and nodes

What is the difference between T-cells and B-cells?

Describe the inflammatory response (See Raycroft notes)

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