Unit 6 &7 Assessment



3.1.1: Explain the double-stranded, complementary nature of DNA as related to its function in the cell. Use the diagram to answer the questions 1 through 9.1143001079501. Circle one nucleotide (monomer) in the diagram below.2. How many nucleotides are in this molecule?3. What is the name of this molecule? How do you know?4. Add appropriate letters in the spaces for the nitrogen bases. Make certain the complementary pairs match correctly.5. What is the monomer of this molecule?6. What is the function of this molecule?7. What type of bonds exists between the nitrogen bases?8. Label a phosphate, sugar, and a base on the diagram.9. a) Where would this molecule be located within a eukaryotic cell? Explain why. b) Where would this molecule be located within a prokaryotic cell? Explain why.10. Draw a DNA nucleotide and label the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and the N-base.11. List the four nitrogen bases found in DNA.12. Draw a DNA molecule showing four nucleotides – each with a different N-base.13. A DNA strand has the following sequence of bases: AAGTCG What would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand?14. Describe the structure of DNA.15. What two individuals have received credit for discovering the structure of DNA?16. What elements/atoms make up the structure of DNA? Would this make DNA organic or inorganic? Explain.Y17. Examine the diagram. Identify the structures indicated by X and Y.18. Place the following concepts in the correct order to show how a gene codes for a trait.CORRECT SEQUENCEBY NUMBERCONCEPT DESCRIPTIONgene codes for the production of a specific proteinATGGCATCTG – sequence of DNA nucleotide basesproteins determine an organism’s traitsrepresents a gene19. Explain the base-pairing (Chargaff’s) rule.20. When does DNA replicate within the cell cycle?21. Why does DNA replicate?22. What is the first step of DNA replication? What happens to the H-bonds?23. What is the name of the enzyme that “unzips the genes” for replication to occur?24. When DNA replicates, there is one old strand and one new strand. What is the term used for this type of replication?25. What is a “template”?26. Replicate the following strands of DNA:Template StrandATCGTATTACCGGAACTANew Strand27. Describe the cell division process that allows daughter cells to have an exact copy of the parent cell DNA. You may want to draw a picture(s).28. Heart cells and skin cells are differentiated cells within the body. Explain how the DNA expressed in a heart cell is different from the DNA expressed within a skin cell. 29. Complete the chart.CELL PROTEIN PRODUCTIONADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGEOVERPRODUCTIONUNDER-PRODUCTION3.1.2: Explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine traits.1. Complete the following chart:Type of Nucleic AcidOfficial NameSingle or Double StrandedFunctionLocations it can be found in a eukaryotic cellWhat are its nitrogenous bases?DNAmRNAtRNArRNA2. List 3 ways in which DNA and RNA are different.3. List 3 ways in which DNA and RNA are similar.4. A nucleic acid has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: GATTACAGTCC Why would this be considered a strand of DNA rather than RNA?5. Draw a strand of RNA showing the A, U, C, & G nucleotides. 6. Explain the term “transcription.”***7. In what part of the eukaryotic cell does transcription take place?8. Which specific nucleic acids are involved in this process?9. Where does mRNA take the DNA code after it is transcribed?10. Transcribe the following strands of DNA:Template DNA StrandATCGTATTACCGGAACTATranscribedmRNA Strand3543300190511. Examine the chart to the right: What is the mRNA sequence that codes for phenylalanine? What would be the DNA sequence that codes for phenylalanine?12. Use the chart above & your knowledge to complete the table.DNA CodonmRNA codontRNA anti-codonAmino AcidphenylalanineAAAGCTUUUvalineCCA13. What is a codon? What types of “codons” are there?14. Explain what occurs during “translation.”***15. In what part of the eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell does translation take place?16. What is the function of tRNA?17. What type of molecule results from translation? (give 2 possible names for the resulting molecule)18. Transcribe and translate the following DNA strands using the codon chart provided by you teacher.Template DNA StrandATCGTATTACCGGAACTATranscribedmRNA StrandTranslatedtRNA StrandAmino Acid name19. What is an “anti-codon”?20. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below:A. What is the structure labeled “X”? Give 2 reasons why you know this is true.B. Glycine is what type of molecule?C. Circle and label a tRNA molecule.D. Circle and label an amino acid molecule.E. Draw a box around and label a tRNA anti-codon.F. Draw a box around and label an mRNA codon.21. Use the chart above with the shown amino acids and codons to determine the following:A. An mRNA molecule has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CUU ACA CAC. What would be the sequence of amino acids that would form a polypeptide from this mRNA sequence? (You are just going from mRNA to tRNA & then looking at the amino acid the tRNA carries.)B. Leucine, histidine and threonine form a polypeptide sequence. What would be the DNA sequence that determined the polypeptide sequence? (You have to go backward from amino acid to tRNA to mRNA to DNA)If you create a table like this one, these questions will be much easier to figure out.EXAMPLEDNA- Strand 1CGADNA-Strand 2GCTmRNACGACUUACACACtRNAGCUamino acidarginine22. Place the following events in the correct order.CORRECT SEQUENCEBY NUMBERCONCEPT DESCRIPTIONresulting proteins have a 3-D shapemRNA leaves the nucleus & takes the transcribed code to the ribosomeDNA replicates in the nucleusamino acids are linked into polypeptides by peptide bondseach particular protein has a particular function and/or codes for a particular traitmRNA enters the nucleus to transcribe the DNA codeproteins determine an organism’s traitstRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome3.1.3: Explain how mutations in DNA that result from interactions with the environment (e.g. radiation, chemicals, etc.) or new combinations in existing genes lead to changes in function and phenotype. 1. List the types of mutations that can occur in DNA coding.2. Label the following mutations with the correct name.TYPE OF MUTATIONEXAMPLEA T C G T AA T T G T AA T C G T AA T G T AA T C G T AA T C A G T A3. When you are at the dentist getting your teeth x-rayed, why might the dental technician cover the rest of your body in a protective lead blanket?4. Some mutations can occur randomly, however exposure to certain environmental factors can cause mutations to occur much more quickly. List at least four environmental factors that can potentially increase the risk of mutations within DNA.5. How is a gene mutation different from a nondisjunction that occurs during meiosis?6. A pregnant woman develops skin cancer from over-exposure to UV radiation. Will her baby be born with skin cancer? Explain your answer.7. All mutations are not lethal or “bad.” List an advantage of mutations.8. Fill in the blanks suing these words: variability – natural selection - lethalAll mutations are not ___________________. In fact, mutations give genetic ________________________ which allows organisms with that mutation to better survive in unfavorable conditions. Mutations help drive the process of ______________________ __________________________. 4.1.2: Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins and amino acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all organisms.1. Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA.CharacteristicDNA ONLYRNA ONLYBOTH DNA & RNAdouble strandedsingle strandedcontains nucleotide - Acontains nucleotide - Tcontains nucleotide - Ccontains nucleotide - Gcontains nucleotide - Uonly in the nucleus of eukaryotescan enter & leave the nucleus of eukaryotestransports amino acids to the ribosomecarries the DNA code to the ribosome2. Complete the table by listing the function of several key proteins.Protein NameFunctionEnzymeHemoglobinInsulinHormoneAntibody3. Complete the chart.REPLICATIONTRANSCRIPTIONTRANSLATIONWhen does it occur?Where does it occur in a eukaryotic cell?List the molecule(s) involved in the process. (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, amino acid)Give a basic description of what is happening.4. Draw a picture that shows how amino acids link together at the ribosome to form a 3-D shape that determines their function.Rewind Your Mind1. Determine which STERNGRR process is explained in each example below.________________A. Vacuoles assist the plant cell in making sure homeostasis is maintained.________________B. Increase in size and number of cells.________________C. Moving food from the roots of plants to the stems and leaves. ________________D. Giving off water and oxygen as waste products________________E. Using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar (glucose) and oxygen.________________F. Pollen contains sperm. ________________G. autotrophism and heterotrophism36576001035052. Examine the picture to the right. Write the chemical equation for the process that is occurring. Just by looking at the picture, how do you know that this is the correct process?2971800937260040005008131810400050081318103. List 2 types of fermentation and give an example of an organism where that type of fermentation might occur. 4. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration? (include which type of respiration produces the most ATPs)5. If the cell membrane is permeable to water and glucose, what might happen in the diagram below?342900558806. Please determine which molecules below are organic or inorganic. Then, label them as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, water, or carbon dioxide.342900149225297180014922552578001492251714500673104114800673102971800844557. Examine the diagram to answer the questions. a. Identify structure X.b. List four characteristics of this structure. c. Identify the type of molecule that is being broken down. d. Highlight the active site. E 8. Using the cell picture to the right answer the following questions: a. Is this a plant or animal cell? How do you know? b. Identify structures A,B,C,D and E. c. Would this cell be prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Why?If this cell was placed in a hypotonic solution, what would happen to the cell?9. Examine the diagram and answer the questions:a. What type of transport is occurring? How do you know?b. What does this type of transport have to have in order to take place?c. Draw the cell organelle responsible for creating this type of energy.d. Write the chemical equation that creates this type of energy. ................
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