Neurology | The most widely read and highly cited peer ...



Table e-1: Previous CBD CriteriaReferenceClinical FeaturesRiley 1990Basal ganglia signsAkinesia, rigidity, limb dystonia, athetosis, postural instability, falls, orolingual dyskinesiasCerebral cortical signsCortical sensory loss, alien limb phenomenon, dementia, apraxia, frontal release reflexes, dysphasiaOther manifestationsPostural-action tremor, hyperreflexia, impaired ocular motility, dysarthia, focal reflex myoclonus, impaired eyelid motion, dysphagiaWatts 1994MajorAkinesia, rigidity, postural/gait disturbance, action/postural tremor, alien limb phenomenon, cortical signs, dystonia, myoclonusMinorChoreoathetosis, dementia, cerebellar signs, supranuclear gaze abnormalities, frontal release signs, blepharospasmLang 1994*InclusionRigidity plus one cortical sign (apraxia, cortical sensory loss, or alien limb) OR asymmetric rigidity, dystonia, and focal reflex myoclonusExclusionEarly dementia, early vertical gaze palsy, rest tremor, severe autonomic disturbances, sustained responsiveness to levodopa, lesions on imaging studies indicating another pathologyKumar 1998InclusionChronic progressive course, asymmetric onset, presence of: "higher" cortical dysfunction (apraxia, cortical sensory loss, or alien limb), and movement disorder (levodopa-resistant akinetic rigid syndrome, limb dystonia, reflex focal myoclonus)ExclusionEarly dementia, early vertical gaze palsy, rest tremor, severe autonomic disturbances, sustained responsiveness to levodopa, lesions on imaging studies indicating another pathologyLitvan 1998Inclusion ExclusionChronic progressive course of an asymmetric parkinsonism not benefiting from levodopa therapy, presence of a dystonic limb or focal myoclonus, and presence of either unilateral ideomotor apraxia, alien hand syndrome, cortical sensory loss, or language disturbancesResting tremor, autonomic disturbance, or laboratory evidence of other disorders.Halpern 2003InclusionInsidious onset, gradual progression, asymmetry, levodopa-unresponsive, dystonia, apraxia, cortical sensory loss, impaired gaze, aphasia/anomia, visuospatial deficitsExclusionEarly dementia, early vertical gaze palsy, rest tremor, severe autonomic disturbances, sustained responsiveness to levodopa, lesions on imaging studies indicating another pathologyBak & Hodges 2008Asymmetric presentation, insidious onset and gradual progression, no sustained response to dopaminergic treatment, akinetic-rigid syndrome, myoclonus, dystonia, apraxia, alien limb syndrome, cortical sensory loss, signs of frontal-executive dysfunction, visuospatial and number-processing deficits, language impairment, non-fluent progressive aphasia*Rigidity: Easily detectable without reinforcement; apraxia: more than simple use of limb as an object with clear absence of cognitive or motor deficit; alien limb phenomenon: more than simple levitation; dystonia: focal in limb, present at rest at onset; myoclonus: reflex myoclonus spreading beyond stimulated digits ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download