Polypharmacy - Duke University



References on Polypharmacy

▪ Agostini JV, Han L, Tinetti, ME. The relationship between number of medications and weight loss or impaired balance in older adults. JAGS 2004; 52:1719-1723.

▪ The American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society Upsdated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. JAGS 2012;60: 616-31.

▪ Bain KT et al. Discontinuing medications: a novel approach for revising the prescribing stage of the medication-use process. JAGS. 2008; 56(10):1946-52.

▪ Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: implications for prevention: ADE Prevention Study Group. JAMA.1995;274:29-34.

▪ Bates DW, Spell N, Cullen DJ, Burdick E, Laird N, Peterson LA, et al. The cost of adverse events in hospitalized patients. JAMA 1997; 277: 307-11.

▪ Beers MH. Explicit criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication use in the elderly. Arch Int Med 1997; 157:1531-36.

▪ Bero LA, Lipton HL, Bird JA. Characterization of geriatric drug-related readmissions. Medical Care 1991; 29(10):989-1000.

▪ Bookvar K et al. Adverse events due to discontinuations in drug use and dose changes in patients transferred between acute and long –term care facilities. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 545-50.

▪ Bikowski RM, Ripsin CM, Lorraine VL. Physician-patient congruence regarding medication regimens. JAGS 2001; 49: 1353-1357.

▪ Budnitz D et al. Emergency Hospitalizations for Adverse Drug Events in Older Americans. NEJM. 2011; 365:2002-12.

▪ Chutka DS, et al. Inappropriate medications for elderly persons. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2004;79:122-139.

▪ Classen DC, Pestotnik SL, Evans RS, et al. Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. JAMA. 1997; 277:301-306.

▪ Coleman EA et al. Posthospital medication discrepancies. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165:1842-47.

▪ Committee on Quality of Health Care in America: Institute of Medicine. To err is human: building a health system. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000.

▪ Corsonello A, Pedone C, Incalzi, RA. Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes and related risk of adverse drug reactions. Current Medic Chem 2010; 17:571-84.

▪ Cusack BJ. Pharmacokinetics in older persons. Am J. Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. Dec 2004; 2(4):274-302.

▪ Doshi TA, Shaffer T, Briesacher BA. National estimates of medical use in nursing homes: findings for the 1997 Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey and the 1996 Medical Expenditure Survey. JAGS 2005; 53: 438-443.

▪ Fick DM et al. Updating the Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: Results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163:2716-2724.

▪ Field TS, Gurwitz JH, et al. Risk factors for adverse drug events among older adults in the ambulatory setting. JAGS 2004; 52:1349-1354.

▪ Field TS, Mazor KM et al. Adverse drug events resulting from patient errors in older adults. JAGS 2007; 55 (2):271-6.

▪ Field TS, Mazor KM et al. Adverse drug events resulting from patient errors in older adults. JAGS 2007; 55 (2):271-6.

References on Polypharmacy (continued)

▪ Fillenbaum GG, Hanlon JT., et al. Impact of inappropriate drug use on health services utilization among representative older community dwelling residents. Am J. Ger. Pharmacotherapy. June 2004; 2(2):92-101.

▪ Forster AJ et al. Adverse drug events occurring following hospital discharge. JGIM 2005; 20:317-23.

▪ Forster AJ et al. The incidence and severity of adverse events affecting patients after discharge from the hospital. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 138: 161-67.

▪ Gandhi TK, Weingert S. Adverse drug events in ambulatory practice. NEJM 2003; 348:1556-64.

▪ Grymonpre RE, Mitenko PA, Sitar DS, Aoki FY Montgomery PR. Drug-associated hospital admissions in older medical patients. J AM Geriatr Soc 1988; 36:1092-8

▪ Gurwitz JH, Avorn J. The ambiguous relation between aging and adverse drug reactions. Ann Int Med. 1991; 114:956-966.

▪ Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Avorn J, et al. Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events in nursing homes. Am J Med. 2000; 109:87-94.

▪ Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Terry S et al. Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events among older persons in the ambulatory setting. JAMA. 2003; 289(9): 1107-1116.

▪ Gurwitz, JH, Rochon, Paula. Improving the quality of medication use in elderly patients: A not-so-simple prescription. Arch Int Med. 2002;162(15):1670-72.

▪ Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, Boult C, et al. Use of inappropriate prescription drugs by older people. JAGS.2002;50:26-34.

▪ Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, Ruby CM, et al. Suboptimal drug prescribing in older inpatients and outpatients. JAGS 2001; 49:200-209.

▪ Johnson JA, Bootman JL. Drug-related morbidity and mortality: A cost-of-illness model. Arch intern Med 1995; 155:1949-56.

▪ Kaufman DW,Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, et al. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population in the US:Slone Survey. JAMA.2002; 287:337-344.

▪ Lazarou J, Pomeranz B, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. JAMA 1998; 279:1200-1205

▪ Meredith S, Feldman, PH, Frey D, et al. Possible medication errors in home healthcare patients. JAGS 2001; 49: 719-724.

▪ Milton JC, Hill-Smith I, Jackson SHD. Prescribing for older people. BMJ. 2008:336:606-9.

▪ Montamat SC, Cusack BJ, Vestal RE. Management of drug therapy in the elderly. New England Journal Med 1989; 321(5):303-9.

▪ Nebeker JR, Barach P, Samore MH. Clarifying adverse drug events: a clinician’s guide to terminology, documentation, and reporting. Ann Int Med. 2004; 140:795-801.

▪ Omori DM, Potyk RP, Kroenke K. The adverse effects of hospitalization on drug regimens. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:1562-64.

▪ Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. NEJM. 2005; 353: 487-97.

▪ Owens NJ, Silliman RA, Fretwell MD. The relationship between comprehensive functional assessment and optimal pharmacotherapy in the older patient. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 1989; 23:847-54.

▪ Roth MT et al. Measuring the quality of medication use in older adults. JAGS 2009; 57(6):1096-1102.

References on Polypharmacy (continued)

▪ Rochon PA, Gurwitz JH. Optimizing drug treatment for elderly people: the prescribing cascade. BMJ 1997; 315:1096-9.

▪ Schmader K, Hanlon JT, Weinberger M, et al. Appropriateness of medication prescribing in ambulatory elderly patients. JAGS 1994; 42: 1241-1247.

▪ Simon SR, Chan A, et al. Potentially inappropriate medication use by elderly persons in US HMOs, 2000-2001. JAGS 2005; 53: 227-232.

▪ Steinmetz KL, Coley KC, Pollock BG. Assessment of geriatric information on drug labels for commonly prescribed drugs in older people. JAGS 2005; 53: 891-94.

▪ The AGS 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. AGS Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. JAGS. 2012; 60: 616-31.

▪ Thompson, CA. JCAHO views medication reconciliation as adverse-event prevention. Am J Health-System Pharm. 2005. 62(15): 1528-32.

▪ Budnitz D et al. Emergency Hospitalizations for Adverse Drug Events in Older Americans. NEJM 2011;365:2002-12.

Recommended web sites for general drug information:

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▪ medwatch

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▪ cder/index.html

▪ cder/drug/drugreactions

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM):

▪ nccam.

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▪ To find a package insert on the web for most drugs: type in trade (e.g., ) – this will bring you to the drug’s web site where you will most likely find a “prescribing information” link.

➢ Drug Information Center: Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

617-732-2759 Service available for any patient specific or general drug information question.

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