Human Disease Handout - New Jersey



AAnthrax

Bacillus anthracisInfected animal

Inhalation

Contaminated food((((1-7NOFlu-like signs, pustules, scabs

Respiratory distress; wide mediastinum on x-ray

Bloody vomit and diarrhea, abdominal distress

Sepsis, shock

DeathABotulism

Clostridium botulinum toxinContaminated food

Inhalation(((((1-5NOWeakness, dizzy, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

Cranial nerve deficits: double vision, drooping eyes, slurred speech

Symmetrical paralysis; respiratory paralysis

DeathAPlague

Yersinia pestisFleas

Infected animal

Inhalation((1-6YESFlu-like signs

Enlarged tender lymph nodes – ‘buboes’

Rapid pneumonia, respiratory failure

Toxemia, shock

DeathASmallpox

Variola majorInfected human(12-14YESFlu-like signs, vomiting

Rash to pustules (skin, throat, mouth)

DeathATularemia

Francisella tularensisArthropods: tick, deer fly, mosquito

Inhalation

Infected animal tissue

Contaminated food

Contaminated water(((((1-14NOFlu-like signs, exhaustion

Ulcerative lesion, enlarged painful lymph nodes

Painful purulent conjunctivitis,

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting

Chest pain, respiratory distress, pneumonia

Sepsis

DeathAViral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo,Varies with virus

Mosquito, ticks

Infected human

Rodents(((2-21YESFlu-like signs, fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea

Petechiae, maculopapular to hemorrhagic rash

Hepatic damage, renal failure

Seizures, shock, coma

DeathBBrucellosis

Brucella speciesContact with infected animal tissue

Inhalation

Contaminated food((1-21NOFlu-like signs, cyclic fever, arthritis

Orchitis, epididymitis

Hepatomegaly

Chronic: Neurological, endocarditisBGlanders

Burkholderia malleiInfected animal

Inhalation

Wound contamination((((((1-14YESFlu-like signs, diarrhea

Chest pain, pulmonary signs

Pustules, ulcerations, swollen lymph nodes

PhotophobiaBMelioidosis

Burkholderia psuedomalleiInhalation

Infected body fluids

Wound contamination(((2 days to yearsYESFlu-like signs

Pustules, chronic and prostatic abcesses

Chest pain, pneumonia, bronchitis

Acute sepsis, deathBPsittacosis

Chlamydia psittaciInhalation of dust from infected bird dander, droppings or secretions (((7-28NOFlu-like signs, rash

Extensive pneumonia; endocarditis, myocarditis

Encephalitis, arthritis, splenomegaly, jaundice; placentitis, fetal death; comaBQ Fever

Coxiella burnettiiArthropod: ticks

Inhalation

Infected animal body fluids (urine, milk, blood)

(((10-40NOFlu-like signs, severe sweats, weakness

Retrobulbar headache

Pneumonitis but no cough or chest pain

Granulomatous hepatitis; osteomyelitis, arteritis; endocarditis; neurologic signs; thrombocytopenia

In-utero death, placentitisBTyphus Fever

Rickettsia prowazekiiHuman body louse

Fleas from flying

squirrels((((7-14YESFlu-like signs, macular eruptions on upper trunk then body, not face, palms or soles of feet

Cough, chest pain, pneumonia

Abdominal pain

ToxemiaBViral encephalitis

VEE, EEE, WEEArthropod

mosquito, tick((2-6NOFlu-like signs, nausea, vomiting

Conjunctival congestion

Encephalitis, disorientation, seizures

Coma, deathBToxins

Clostridium perfringens

Ricinus communis

Staph. aureusContaminated food

Inhalation

(((< 1NOFlu-like signs

Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Kidney failure, shock, deathCNipah

Nipah virusInfected animal

Inhalation((3-14NOFlu-like signs

Drowsy, disoriented, neurological signs, seizures

Respiratory distress

DeathCHantavirus

HantavirusInhalation of aerosolized rodent urine, feces or saliva

(((((4-42NOHPS: Flu-like signs, back pain, myalgia; cough, shortness of breath, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia; death

HFRS: Febrile, hypotension with petechiae, conjunctival injection, oliguria followed by polyuria; shock; convalescentWest Nile Fever

West Nile virusMosquito((((3-12YESFlu-like signs, vomiting, lymphadenopathy

Periocular pain, conjunctivitis

Encephalitis

DeathHendra virusInfected animal

Inhalation((3-14NOFlu-like signs

Severe acute respiratory signs

Neurological signs

DeathRift Valley Fever

Rift Valley Fever virusMosquito

Infected animal tissue(((3-12NOFlu-like signs

Petechiae, hemorrhagic fever

Retinopathy

Encephalitis

DeathTransmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy

BSE, CWD, Scrapie, OthersConsumption of infected animal tissue(Many yearsNODepression, schizophrenia

Neurological signs, ataxia, dementia

Involuntary muscle spasms

Death

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