Semester-I IT Applications for Managers

Semester-I IT Applications for Managers

Syllabus UNIT I: Information System for Business: (Theory )

Need for Information Systems ? Business Categories of Information Systems-Data Base Concepts- Definition-Advantages, Disadvantages ? Information Systems Application: Data Interchange (EDI), Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), M-Commerce Services &Applications, Emerging Trends in Computing ? Cloud Computing Cyber Crime: - Classification of cyber criminals- Computer Security. Need For Security - Security Threat & Attack-Security Mechanisms - Cryptography, Digital Signature, Firewall

UNIT II :Introduction to Advanced Excel & MS Access Advanced Options of MS-EXCEL:

Getting started with Excel, working with Formulas & Functions and creating Charts & Graphs. Statistical tools ? use statistical functions such as average, Standard Deviation, ANOVA, IF function etc Financial Tools ? use of Financial Functions such as NPV, IRR FV PV IPMT RATE Date Functions . Data analysis by using What IF , PIVOT table ,Scenarios, Goal seek

MS-ACCESS :Creating a database and tables by different methods- Entering and Editing dataSorting, Filtering and Displaying data, Creating & querying using forms. Creating & printing reports and labels. Suggested Readings

1. Turban, Rainer and Potter, "Introduction to Information Technology", John & Wiley Sons. 2. Alex Leon & Mathew Leon, "Fundamentals of Information Technologies", 2009, 2nd Ed

Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. 3. Ralph M. Stair& George W. Reynolds, "Principles of Information Systems- A Managerial

Approach, 2001,Thomson Course Technology 4. Ramesh Behl, "Information Technology for Management", 2012, McGraw-Hill Companies. 5. Ken Laudon, Jane Laudon &RajnishDass, "Management Information System", 11nd Ed.

Pearson. 6. B. Muthukumaran, "Information Technology for Management", 2010, Oxford.

7. S. Sudalaimuthu& S. Anthony Raj, "Computer Applications of Business", 2010, HPH. Arpita Gopal &Chandrani Singh, "E - World- Emerging Trends in Information Technology", 2009,Excel Books

Unit-1

Information System for Business

Contents

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. How do Information Systems Influence Modern Business?......................................................... 3

2. Need for Information Systems .............................................................................................................. 4 3. Business Categories of Information Systems........................................................................................ 5 4. Data Base Concepts ............................................................................................................................ 11

4.1. Definition .................................................................................................................................... 11 4.2. Advantages.................................................................................................................................. 14 4.3. Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................. 15 5. Information Systems Application: ...................................................................................................... 16 5.1. Data Interchange (EDI) ............................................................................................................... 16 5.2. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) ................................................................................................ 18 5.3. M-Commerce Services & Applications ...................................................................................... 20 6. Emerging Trends in Computing.......................................................................................................... 21 6.1. Cloud Computing........................................................................................................................ 21 7. Cyber Crime........................................................................................................................................ 25 7.1. Classification of cyber criminals................................................................................................. 25 8. Computer Security .............................................................................................................................. 26 8.1. Need for Security ........................................................................................................................ 27 8.2. Security Threat & Attack ............................................................................................................ 27 9. Security Mechanisms .......................................................................................................................... 28 9.1. Cryptography .............................................................................................................................. 28 9.2. Digital Signature ......................................................................................................................... 28 9.3. Firewall ....................................................................................................................................... 31

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1. Introduction

Running a successful business calls for proper management of financial and organizational data and statistics with quality information systems. Almost every company has experienced a drastically slowed workflow because of data problems related to reliability and accuracy. It's true that there is no substitute for right information at the right time in the business world.

This prompted the development of systems that can be used to make the information accurate, readily available, and easily accessible. With the effectiveness of information systems, an organization can have better decision-making, better planning, and ultimately better results.

1.1. How do Information Systems Influence Modern Business?

In today's continuously changing and fast moving world, where customers' requirements and preferences are always evolving, the only businesses that can hope to remain competitive and continue to function at the performance levels that can match their customers' expectations are those that are going to embrace innovation. In the recent past, any business success has been pegged on the information technology quality that the business has employed and the capability to correctly use such information.

Information systems (IS) importance has increased dramatically, and most businesses have been prompted to introduce it to keep their competitive edge. Today, nobody can envisage a business without an effective information system. Introduction of an information system to a business can bring numerous benefits and assist in the way the business handles its external and internal processes that a business encounters daily and decision making for the future. Some of the benefits of an information system include:

New Products and Services

Any company looking to improve and secure the future has to establish a broader perspective with the use of a well-designed and coordinated information system. The IS makes it easier to analyze independent processes such as information to produce valuable products or services and organized work activities. Therefore, an IS can give a company the competitive advantage by analyzing how a company creates, produce, and sell their products or services. This means that the focus will be put on the main goal ahead.

Information Storage

Every organization needs records of its activities to find the cause of problems and proper solutions. Information systems come in handy when it comes to storing operational data, communication records, documents, and revision histories. Manual data storage will cost the company lots of time, especially when it comes to searching for specific data. A quality information system stores data in a comprehensive and sophisticated database which makes the process of finding it convenient. With such information, a company can analyze how certain actions affected the business as well as prepare cost estimates and forecasts.

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Easier Decision Making

Without an information system, a company can take a lot of time and energy in the decision making process. However, with the use of IS, it's easier to deliver all the necessary information and model the results and this can help you make better decisions. The management team can use the information system to choose the best course of action and carry out the tasks. When there are several appealing alternatives, the information system can be used to run different scenarios by calculating key indicators such as costs, sales, and profits. This way, you can determine the alternative with the most beneficial results.

Behavioral Change

Employers and employees can communicate rapidly and more effectively with an information system. While emails are quick and effective, the use of Information systems is more efficient since documents are stored in folders that can be shared and accessed by employees.

This implies that information flows from the management to lower-level employees and vice versa. Also, the lower-level employees get enlightened and involved in important decision making, and this eliminates the need for middle managers. Employees who are directly involved in the decision-making process are motivated and dedicated to their tasks.

2. Need for Information Systems

Information System helps Managers make decisions. Decision-making generally takes a fourfold path -

? Understanding the need for decision or the opportunity, ? Preparing alternative course of actions, ? Evaluating all alternative course of actions, ? Deciding the right path for implementation. Implications of Information in Business

Information processing has transformed our society in numerous ways. From a business perspective, there has been a huge shift towards increasingly automated business processes and communication. Access to information and capability of information processing has helped in achieving greater efficiency in accounting and other business processes.

A complete business information system, accomplishes the following functionalities -

? Collection and storage of data. ? Transform these data into business information useful for decision making. ? Provide controls to safeguard data. ? Automate and streamline reporting.

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The following list summarizes the five main uses of information by businesses and other organizations -

? Planning - At the planning stage, information is the most important ingredient in decision making. Information at planning stage includes that of business resources, assets, liabilities, plants and machineries, properties, suppliers, customers, competitors, market and market dynamics, fiscal policy changes of the Government, emerging technologies, etc.

? Recording - Business processing these days involves recording information about each transaction or event. This information collected, stored and updated regularly at the operational level.

? Controlling - A business need to set up an information filter, so that only filtered data is presented to the middle and top management. This ensures efficiency at the operational level and effectiveness at the tactical and strategic level.

? Measuring - A business measures its performance metrics by collecting and analyzing sales data, cost of manufacturing, and profit earned.

? Decision-making - MIS is primarily concerned with managerial decision-making, theory of organizational behavior, and underlying human behavior in organizational context. Decision-making information includes the socio-economic impact of competition, globalization, democratization, and the effects of all these factors on an organizational structure.

3. Business Categories of Information Systems

No single system can provide all the information an organization needs. Even small firms have a collection of different systems: e-mail systems, sales tracking systems, etc. Different systems can be described through:

? A functional perspective: Identifying systems by their major business function

? A constituency perspective: Identifying systems in terms of the major organizational groups that they serve

There are four main types of information systems that serve different functional systems:

Sales and marketing information systems help the firm with marketing business processes (identifying customers for the firm's products or services, developing products and services to meet their needs, promoting products and services) and sales processes (selling the products and services, taking orders, contacting customers, and providing customer support).

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