AP Human Geography
The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 9 Development
1) Which is the least developed region among the following?
A) North America
B) Eastern Europe
C) Southwest Asia
D) Western and Central Europe
E) East Asia
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
2) The total value of the output of goods and services in a year in a country is its
A) gross national income.
B) primary economic sector.
C) productivity index.
D) value added.
E) gross domestic product.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
3) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the
A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year.
E) total value of investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
4) An example of a primary sector activity is
A) education.
B) manufacturing.
C) banking.
D) retailing.
E) mining.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
5) Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?
A) sixth percentile
B) primary and secondary
C) primary
D) tertiary
E) the data sector
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
6) The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?
A) data processing
B) mining
C) government
D) construction
E) banking
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
7) In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors?
A) farming
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary
E) fishing
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
8) The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following?
A) data processing
B) beverage bottling
C) government
D) sheep herding
E) banking
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
9) The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
A) gross domestic product.
B) productivity.
C) tertiary sector analysis.
D) market value.
E) value added.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
10) ________ is an example of a secondary sector activity.
A) Banking
B) Farming
C) Manufacturing
D) Secondary education
E) Professional football
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
11) In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are
A) available for sharing by a large number of people.
B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people.
C) essential to rural life.
D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few.
E) available only through local manufacture.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9.23: Explain problems with financing development in developed countries.
12) Examples of material conditions include
A) drinking water and sewage systems.
B) systems of thought.
C) religious institutions.
D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) political institutions.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
13) A country that has a higher level of development exhibits a(n)
A) improvement in material conditions.
B) growth of the output of goods and services.
C) improvement of a product compared to the needed labor.
D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) growth of political institutions.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
14) Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the following?
A) the approximate level of material well being in a country
B) the number of countries below the poverty level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the spatial distribution of global wealth
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
15) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?
A) the approximate level of spiritual well being in a country
B) the number of countries below sea level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the political dimensions of a population
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
16) Which of the following is an indicator of a country's level of development?
A) the number of millionaires
B) the number of newspapers
C) crude death rate
D) natural death rate
E) natural increase rate
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.2 A Long and Healthy Life
Learning Outcome: 9. 2: Identify the HDI health factor.
17) The inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is
A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.
B) greater than any other country in the world.
C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.
D) greater than Canada because a higher percentage of people in the United States have quality health care.
E) inferior to Western European countries but far superior to Canada.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.2 A Long and Healthy Life
Learning Outcome: 9. 2: Identify the HDI health factor.
18) The IHDI of Latin American countries is
A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.
B) greater than the United States but less than Canada.
C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.
D) greater than that of Canada and twice as great as that of the United States.
E) inferior to Western European countries and far superior to Canada.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.2 A Long and Healthy Life
Learning Outcome: 9. 2: Identify the HDI health factor.
19) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of
A) literacy.
B) childhood mortality.
C) infectious disease.
D) illiteracy.
E) environmental pollution.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9. 3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
20) People are more productive in more developed countries because they
A) work harder.
B) have access to more technology.
C) have a low amount of value added per person.
D) are consistently better educated.
E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
21) Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries,
A) more women than men have access to education in LDCs.
B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.
C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs.
D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than in many MDCs.
E) levels of educational attainment are higher in LDCs.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9. 3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
22) If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might surmise that the country is most likely
A) neither an LDC nor an MDC.
B) an MDC.
C) an LDC.
D) an LDC that has some of the world's top universities.
E) an MDC that has some of the world's lowest literacy rates.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9. 3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
23) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower
A) percentages of GDP spent on education.
B) literacy rates.
C) numbers of teachers available per pupil.
D) numbers of years attending school.
E) amounts of spending per student.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9. 3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
24) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is
A) widening.
B) remaining constant.
C) decreasing.
D) zero.
E) cycling up and down.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9. 4: Describe the UN's measures of gender inequality.
25) The North American region has high rates of material development but troubling levels of
A) wealth.
B) inequality.
C) financial and management services.
D) spiritual development.
E) educational attainment.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
26) The Gender Inequality Index (GII)
A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world.
B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.
C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.
D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.
E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9. 4: Describe the UN's measures of gender inequality.
27) Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because
A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.
D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.
E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
28) In terms of the GII, most African countries have
A) rates far below the United States and Western Europe.
B) rates that exceed the United States and Western Europe owing to African investment in centers of higher learning.
C) rates that are greater than the United States but less than Europe.
D) core-periphery models.
E) weak national economies.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9. 4: Describe the UN's measures of gender inequality.
29) Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of
A) gender inequality.
B) gender equality.
C) economic inequality.
D) gender dynamics.
E) innovative agricultural methods.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.5 Gender Inequality Trends
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
30) Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in
A) gender equality.
B) gender inequality.
C) gender indices.
D) economic indices.
E) market forces.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.5 Gender Inequality Trends
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
31) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?
A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs.
B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.
C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa.
E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.5 Gender Inequality Trends
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
32) Gender inequality is a challenge to development because
A) it leads to larger family sizes.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes all women from both the formal and informal economy.
D) it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of women.
E) men are responsible for all economic development in impoverished areas.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.5 Gender Inequality Trends
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
33) Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about ________ energy as LDCs.
A) twice as much total
B) the same amount of total
C) five times as much total
D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as much renewable
E) one-tenth as much
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9. 6: Explain the principal sources of demand for fossil fuels.
34) Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North Africa are
A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states.
B) dispersed throughout the region.
C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.
D) primarily in Syria and Iraq.
E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9. 6: Explain the principal sources of demand for fossil fuels.
35) Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of
A) consumer spending.
B) petroleum reserves.
C) regional cooperation.
D) traditional social customs.
E) its strategic distribution location.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9.12: Describe the role of OPEC and changes in the price and availability of petroleum.
[pic]
36) Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the United States has natural gas fields in
A) Texas but not Oklahoma.
B) the Gulf of Mexico but not the Midwest.
C) the East but not the West.
D) many different areas.
E) the North but not the South.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9.10a: Analyze the distribution of reserves of fossil fuels.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
37) Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the United States has petroleum production
A) sufficient to meet its needs without further imports.
B) that is now completely shut down due to taxation.
C) inferior to nearly every other country.
D) at significant levels but must still import oil from other countries.
E) at levels greater than any other country.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9.10a: Analyze the distribution of reserves of fossil fuels.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
38) The maps of U.S. natural gas fields in this chapter show that the United States has
A) few natural gas fields in Texas and Ohio.
B) the greatest concentration of gas fields in Illinois and Wisconsin.
C) a greater concentration of natural gas fields in the north.
D) a high concentration of natural gas fields in the Gulf of Mexico.
E) the lowest number of natural gas fields in Oklahoma and Texas.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9.10a: Analyze the distribution of reserves of fossil fuels.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
39) The United States has
A) lesser coal and natural gas reserves than China.
B) greater natural gas reserves than Russian and lesser coal reserves than China.
C) a greater concentration of coal reserves in the Gulf of Mexico.
D) more coal reserves than China or Russia.
E) less coal than any other large country.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9.10a: Analyze the distribution of reserves of fossil fuels.
40) The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved
A) a nuclear explosion high in the atmosphere.
B) a nuclear missile that misfired and exploded.
C) a nuclear power accident.
D) a massive leak and fire at an oil exploration platform.
E) an explosion and fire at a natural gas field.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.14: Describe the challenges in using nuclear energy.
41) The Chernobyl incident occurred
A) in the United States.
B) in Cuba.
C) in the Soviet Union.
D) in India.
E) in China.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.14: Describe the challenges in using nuclear energy.
42) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?
A) abundant agricultural products
B) high quality manufactured goods
C) imports that it should limit
D) international consumer preferences
E) abundant mineral resources
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.18: Summarize the international trade model.
43) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
A) increased demand for many goods.
B) increased price of petroleum.
C) regional cooperation.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.18: Summarize the international trade model.
44) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote
A) balanced growth of all economic sectors.
B) global competitiveness for local industries.
C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) international trade.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.17: Summarize the self-sufficiency model.
45) In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development
A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.
B) attempts to result in uneven resource development. and market correction indices.
C) suffers from market stagnation.
D) attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.
E) attempts to identify appropriate developmental stages.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.21: Identify the main sources of financing development.
46) Traditional barriers to international trade have included
A) low taxes on imports.
B) making domestic goods more expensive.
C) eliminating quotas on imports.
D) requiring licenses for importers.
E) strong domestic and international demand.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.9 Financing Development
Learning Outcome: 9.21: Identify the main sources of financing development.
47) The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is
A) trade negotiations with more developed countries.
B) identifying unique economic assets.
C) inability to repay loans.
D) promoting dependency.
E) currency inflation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.9 Financing Development
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
48) What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs?
A) more efficient civil service
B) diverting investment from weapons and training for the military to social needs such as health and education
C) investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite
D) more dissemination of information to the public
E) workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.9 Financing Development
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
49) All of the following are considered more developed regions except
A) Southwest Asia and North Africa.
B) North America.
C) Australia and New Zealand.
D) Europe.
E) Western Europe.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
50) The major economic asset of the Russian region is
A) Asia's greatest levels of agricultural productivity.
B) the development of tertiary industries.
C) the production of consumer goods.
D) its oil reserves.
E) diversified industrial manufacturing.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9. 8: Describe the distribution of the production of petroleum.
51) Southwest Asia and North Africa may become more developed primarily because of what characteristic?
A) abundant petroleum reserves
B) desert climate
C) Islamic religious principles
D) democratic reforms
E) dictatorships
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9. 8: Describe the distribution of the production of petroleum.
52) Population density was traditionally low in North Africa because of
A) its wet climate.
B) its dry climate.
C) Dutch colonial activity.
D) its high arithmetic density.
E) its low fertility rates.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 15
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.19: Analyze shortcomings of the self-sufficiency model.
53) Examining the sub-national variation in development for many countries, such as Brazil, China, or Mexico, reveals
A) development can be attributed only to outside forces.
B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the agricultural lands.
C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous regions.
D) almost no variations in wealth and development exist between different subnational regions.
E) substantial variations in development exist at subnational scales.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
54) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when
A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.
B) an elite group initiates innovative activities.
C) take-off industries achieve technical advances.
D) workers become more skilled and specialized.
E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
55) If the per capita GDP in a given country is about $1,500, this indicates that it is a
A) petroleum exporting state.
B) less developed country.
C) more developed country.
D) country with a high gross domestic product.
E) country with evenly distributed wealth.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
56) Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A) The higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its income distribution.
B) The primary sector accounts for a larger share of GDP for LDCs than MDCs.
C) Workers in MDCs are more productive than those in LDCs.
D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators.
E) Women participate in formal and informal economies even in LDCs with high levels of gender inequality.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
57) The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that
A) the country imports most of its food.
B) few people are unemployed.
C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
D) most people must produce food for their own survival.
E) factory production cannot expand.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.19: Analyze shortcomings of the self-sufficiency model.
58) The highest levels of development within Latin America are generally found in
A) Central America.
B) the Caribbean islands.
C) the interior of South America.
D) southern South America.
E) the countries on the Caribbean coast of South America.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
59) Sub-Saharan Africa has seen some development because of
A) the colonial legacy, which has benefited every country in the region.
B) poor leadership.
C) the capacity of land to produce food.
D) investment in the infrastructure of port cities, despite ignoring infrastructure in many other areas.
E) overworked agricultural land and declining output.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
60) Development prospects are limited in some North African countries because of
A) the lack of colonization and trade with Europe.
B) poor leadership.
C) the great amount of petroleum controlled by OPEC.
D) their limited reserves of petroleum.
E) overworked agricultural land and declining output.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.12: Describe the role of OPEC and changes in the price and availability of petroleum.
61) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement?
A) Standards intending to protect workers are instituted in LDCs.
B) Fair Trade coffee has become available in most North American cities.
C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners.
D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards.
E) Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.24: Explain the principles of fair trade.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
62) GDP per capita is the only economic indicator that can reliably determine the level of development for a country.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
63) The share of GDP in the secondary sector is now larger in LDCs than MDCs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
64) Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the distribution of wealth in a country.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
65) Development is a completely understood process involving concrete yet difficult steps.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
66) Less developed countries can be distinguished from more developed countries according to social and demographic characteristics, as well as economic ones.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
67) GDP per capita is a more meaningful measure of development than gross domestic product alone.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
68) Raising the GDP of a country means an automatically higher standard of living for workers.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
69) The three large relatively developed regions in the world are North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
70) One element of development in Southwest Asia & North Africa has been the loss of distinctive cultural characteristics.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9. 3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
71) Gender inequality exists in every country of the world.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.5 Gender Inequality Trends
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
72) Developing countries are increasingly pursuing the international trade approach to development.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.20a: Analyze shortcomings of the international trade model and give reasons why international trade has triumphed.
73) India and China are examples of countries which had pursued the self-sufficiency alternative to development.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.17: Summarize the self-sufficiency model.
74) One advantage of a large percentage of labor force in agriculture is the ability to generate a surplus of food for export.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.9 Financing Development
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
75) Southwest Asia & North Africa and Latin America are the less developed regions with the most favorable balance between population and resources.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
76) Many countries are clustered at the median of the development continuum.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
77) The availability of energy and other resources is linked to the level of development.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
78) Name and define two of the social indicators of a country's level of development.
Answer: Answers may refer to any 2 of the following: literacy rate; teacher-pupil ratio; years attended school; calories per capita; proteins per capita; provision of health services; level of social security.
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
79) A ________ developed country is likely to have a lower infant mortality rate.
Answer: more
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.2 A Long and Healthy Life
Learning Outcome: 9. 2: Identify the HDI health factor.
80) Explain why the crude death rate is not an indicator of the level of a country's development.
Answer: Answers will vary. The crude death rate can rise in a more developed country if there are many elderly, and it might be lower in less developed countries that have a high percentage of youth (who are less likely to die from natural causes).
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.2 A Long and Healthy Life
Learning Outcome: 9. 2: Identify the HDI health factor.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
81) What is the principal difference between less developed and more developed countries with regard to the percentages of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector workers?
Answer: A less developed country has a higher percentage of primary sector workers; a more developed country has higher percentages of secondary and tertiary sector workers.
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
82) Why is the percentage of a country's labor force engaged in agriculture an important indicator of the level of development?
Answer: Lower percentage in agriculture means more people are free to work in productive industries and services.
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
83) Name and define two of the economic indicators that typically describe a country's level of development.
Answer: Answers may refer to any 2 of the following: GDP or GDI per capita; the percentage of primary, secondary, or tertiary sector workers; productivity; access to raw materials; or the production of consumer goods.
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or stayed wide.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
84) Is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level of GDP per capita?
Answer: higher
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.23: Explain problems with financing development in developed countries.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
85) Is a less developed country likely to have higher or lower levels of illiteracy and people engaged in agriculture?
Answer: higher
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
86) Is a more developed country likely to have higher or lower percentages of telephones per capita?
Answer: higher
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.23: Explain problems with financing development in developed countries.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
87) What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9. 4: Describe the UN's measures of gender inequality.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
88) Imagine that you live in a country with large reserves of fossil fuels but few other natural resources. To what extent would development be a continuum or a bipolar distribution for your (imaginary) country? Why? (Attempt to account for a future reduction in fossil fuels.)
Answer: Varies, but students should attempt to describe changing conditions in the future.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9.18: Summarize the international trade model.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
89) Determine which are the main sources of electricity that your local community currently uses (e.g., coal-fired, hydroelectric, nuclear?), and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of those types of electrical generation.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.15: Identify challenges to increasing the use of alternative energy sources.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
90) Assess which two alternative sources of electricity would be most economically and politically viable for your local community, and propose a plan for making these the main sources of electricity in your area. Discuss where and why you would install these alternative sources of energy.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.15: Identify challenges to increasing the use of alternative energy sources.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
91) Imagine that your city's (or town's) leaders have decided that alternative power sources should replace fossil fuels and nuclear power in your area. Assess and discuss the more likely kinds of resistance such a plan might encounter in the community in the next 5 years. What specific recommendations might you give for overcoming that resistance through democratic processes?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.15: Identify challenges to increasing the use of alternative energy sources.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
92) Much of the discussion of alternative energy sources continues to focus on large-scale projects, such as windmill "farms" and hydroelectric power plants. Propose two or three different kinds of small-scale energy generation that you could envision building or attaching to your own dwelling—that is, your own home, apartment building, or block. Provide details on the locations, sizes, and types of additions you would propose, but do not be concerned with precise measurements (you need not produce blueprints or construction schematics).
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.15: Identify challenges to increasing the use of alternative energy sources.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
93) Look around your own home, apartment, or student dormitory. On a small scale (within your own living space), what kinds of energy waste seem to be occurring, apart from inefficient types of insulation in the walls or ceilings? Besides heat insulation, what kinds of energy "recycling" and repurposing could you imagine creating or installing if you had sufficient money and engineering ability to make these changes happen in the near future?
Answer: Answers will vary, but might include some examples of "capturing" lost heat, using small generators to generate electricity from steam, drain water, or air currents, and other innovative approaches to energy "capture" in small living areas.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.15: Identify challenges to increasing the use of alternative energy sources.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
94) Image you lead a country which has significant amounts of petroleum. Which, according to standard economical approaches, is the more logical of the two approaches to development for your country? Why? What advantages might this approach offer over the other approach, at least in the short term?
Answer: Answers will vary, but most will choose international trade (being able to sell oil on world markets). Some students may also describe the advantages of a gradual shift to the other model—that of self-sufficiency (by using income from international trade to prepare for the future, when oil reserves become exhausted).
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.20a: Analyze shortcomings of the international trade model and give reasons why international trade has triumphed.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
95) Using NAFTA as an example, discuss "free trade" and the international trade model of development.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.20a: Analyze shortcomings of the international trade model and give reasons why international trade has triumphed.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
96) Considering the challenges provided by NAFTA, discuss the Fair Trade variation of the international trade model of development.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.20a: Analyze shortcomings of the international trade model and give reasons why international trade has triumphed.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
97) What is the most significant financial problem faced by less developed countries in attempting to fund their development plans? Provide an example to illustrate this difficulty.
Answer: They attempt to borrow from international lending agencies or financial institutions in more developed countries, but they often have difficulty repaying the loans. Examples will vary.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.9 Financing Development
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
98) How is development measured? Why do we use more than one indicator?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
99) Imagine that you lead a country with limited amounts of fossil fuels and few other goods in demand on world markets. Which standard economic approach to development would you be more likely to advocate for your country, and why? How would the shortcomings of this economic model affect your plans?
Answer: Varies, but the self-sufficiency model should be chosen over international trade.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
Learning Outcome: 9.19: Analyze shortcomings of the self-sufficiency model.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 11 Industry and Manufacturing
1) The cottage industry system involved manufacturing
A) of hand-made luxury goods.
B) in the home.
C) of steam engines and other cottage-sized machines.
D) in small factories.
E) cheeses and pastries.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
[pic]
3) An analysis of this map of Europe indicates that railways
A) were more concentrated in France and Germany before they appeared in the United Kingdom.
B) tended to be built first in Eastern Europe before spreading westward.
C) were built in France before they were built in the United Kingdom.
D) in the United Kingdom first appeared near London and were later built in northern England.
E) were built in northern England before they appeared in southern England.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
4) An analysis of this map indicates that railways
A) were not built in Russia until 1836.
B) were not built in France until 1826.
C) were not built in Russia until after 1876.
D) were built in Russia, France, and Serbia by 1856.
E) were not built in Greece until after 1876.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
5) This map of railway diffusion indicates that during the Industrial Revolution
A) nearly all of Eastern Europe was connected by rail in 1848.
B) rail lines connected Paris to France's southern coast by 1848.
C) France had a more comprehensive rail network than the United Kingdom in 1848.
D) Poland had no rail lines in 1848.
E) rail lines connected London to many parts of the island of Britain by 1848.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
6) Given the earlier history of the chemical industry, we can hypothesize that its 20th-century contributions to the textile industry began to include
A) bleaching and processing.
B) dyeing and water purification.
C) food processing and purification.
D) the creation of synthetic fabrics.
E) bleaching and dyeing.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11.13: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution.
7) The Industrial Revolution began in
A) Great Britain.
B) Japan.
C) Russia.
D) the United States.
E) the Fertile Crescent.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
8) The Industrial Revolution began in
A) the late 1500s.
B) the late 1600s.
C) the late 1700s.
D) the late 1800s.
E) the late 1900s.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
9) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was geographically
A) clustered.
B) concentrated.
C) dispersed.
D) random.
E) nonexistent.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
10) The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the
A) canal.
B) automobile.
C) railroad.
D) steam engine.
E) horse collar.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
11) Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in three regions, including which of the following?
A) Eastern North America and Southeast Asia
B) Eastern Europe and southern Europe
C) northwestern Europe and eastern South America
D) East Asia and Southwest Asia
E) eastern North America and northwestern Europe
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
12) Outside of the three world regions where industry is concentrated, the next two largest industrial producing countries are
A) India and Pakistan.
B) Brazil and Canada.
C) Russia and Brazil.
D) China and India.
E) Brazil and India.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
13) The Po River basin in Italy
A) contains one-fourth of the country's industry.
B) has cheaper labor compared to southern Italy and the island of Sicily.
C) has expensive hydroelectricity from the Alps but inexpensive nuclear energy from France.
D) is Southern Europe's newest industrial area.
E) has inexpensive hydroelectricity from the Alps.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
[pic]
14) The map of North America's industrial areas shows that
A) industry is dispersed evenly throughout the United States and Canada.
B) the industrial regions of California are more extensive than those of the Midwest and the Northeast combined.
C) Canada's far west and the U.S. South have become the continent's principal industrial zones.
D) Canada's industrial areas are nearly as extensive as those of the northeastern United States.
E) much of the region's industry is concentrated around or near the Great Lakes.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
15) Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following?
A) the United Kingdom
B) the Rhine-Ruhr valley
C) the Mid-Rhine
D) Northern Italy
E) Portugal and western Spain
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
[pic]
16) The map of East Asia's industrial areas indicates that the region's chief manufacturing bases include
A) the Rhine-Ruhr valley.
B) parts of southeastern China.
C) parts of northwestern China.
D) northern Japan.
E) South Korea.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
17) The map of East Asia's industrial areas indicates that the chief concentrations of manufacturing in the region include
A) the White River valley.
B) the river valley east of Wuhan.
C) the river valley east of Shanghai.
D) the western coast of Japan and eastern coast of Korea.
E) central China.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
18) According to the map, Canada's most important industrial area is
A) Vancouver, British Columbia.
B) the St. Lawrence Valley and Ontario Peninsula.
C) the northern shore of Lake Superior.
D) the sea ports of Nova Scotia.
E) the entire southern border shared with the United States.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
19) The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from
A) coal.
B) dross.
C) iron ore.
D) nuclear power.
E) biomass fuels.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
20) What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits of the world, with over 1,000 minerals?
A) the Ural mountains
B) the Tibetan plateau
C) the mountains of central Thailand
D) the Chilean Andes
E) South Africa
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
21) The only step of the copper production process that is not significantly bulk-reducing is
A) refining.
B) concentration.
C) mining.
D) smelting.
E) ore extraction.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
22) The step of the copper production process that involves the crushing and grinding of particles is
A) concentration.
B) refining.
C) mining.
D) smelting.
E) transportation.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
23) The world's chief source for copper is
A) Chile.
B) Arizona.
C) China.
D) Brazil.
E) Cuba.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
24) A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a
A) bulk-reducing industry.
B) perishable industry.
C) bulk-gaining industry.
D) specialized manufacturer.
E) fabrication concentration point.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
[pic]
25) An analysis of this map of the copper industry in the United States indicates that
A) New Mexico has more foundries than Texas.
B) more copper is mined in Utah than in Arizona, Nevada, and Montana.
C) the largest numbers of foundries are in California, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
D) the largest numbers of foundries are in California, Illinois, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and Oregon.
E) the largest numbers of foundries are in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Montana.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
26) An analysis of this map of the copper industry in the United States indicates that
A) New Mexico has more foundries than Texas.
B) more copper is smelted in Utah than in Arizona, Nevada, and Montana.
C) more copper is mined in Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Montana.
D) the largest numbers of copper smelters are in California, Illinois, Arizona, and Florida.
E) the largest numbers of copper smelters are in California, Arizona, and Utah.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
27) Proximity to Russian consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region?
A) Moscow
B) Kuznetsk
C) Urals
D) Volga
E) Kamchatka
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
28) Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because
A) the mills are near the mines.
B) separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.
C) refineries import most material from other countries.
D) parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers for processing in the plants.
E) parts suppliers supply components with just-in-time management.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
29) Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to
A) avoid skilled laborers.
B) minimize production costs inside the plant.
C) minimize transport costs.
D) identify unique characteristics of a particular industry.
E) utilize a new technology.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
30) Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily for their closer access to
A) government subsidies.
B) labor markets.
C) markets for finished automobiles.
D) raw materials.
E) water transportation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
31) Beer bottling is an example of a
A) perishable industry.
B) specialized industry.
C) bulk-gaining industry.
D) communications-oriented industry.
E) labor intensive industry.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
32) Fabricated metal production is an example of a
A) perishable industry.
B) specialized industry.
C) bulk-gaining industry.
D) communications-oriented industry.
E) labor intensive industry.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
33) Eastern North America became the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's
A) largest markets.
B) most extensive sources of essential raw materials.
C) newest highway systems.
D) most advantageous climate.
E) oceangoing transportation links to Asia.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
34) The Chicago area became a significant asset for the Western Great Lakes region owing to its steel industries and its
A) access to the nation's transportation network.
B) large market area.
C) greater distance from raw materials essential for the steel industry.
D) skilled labor force.
E) cheap migrant labor.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
35) The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as
A) starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coasts, as well as the Chicago area.
B) starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the East and West coasts before moving to the South and Southeast.
C) starting on the East and West coasts and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up in the Pittsburgh area, as indicated by the football team called the Pittsburgh Steelers.
D) starting on the East and West coasts and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending in the Midwest.
E) starting in the Midwest and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending up on the East and West coasts.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
36) In addition to integrated mills, about one-fourth of U.S. steel production is now attributed to
A) minimills which utilize scrap metal in many U.S. locations.
B) traditional mills in the South and Southeast.
C) minimills which have revitalized the old steel producing center of Pittsburgh.
D) nuclear-pellet generating plants in the Northeast.
E) scrap metal from materials transported to the United States from China.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
37) Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry as well as a just-in-time delivery system, the most important factor when selecting a location for a new Toyota or Honda assembly plant in the United States was
A) minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers.
B) minimizing the cost of shipping inputs and outputs in relation to customers.
C) maximizing delivery time to customers.
D) the location of railroads.
E) the location of waterways.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
38) New U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built primarily in the
A) Midwest and South, to minimize national distribution costs and reduce labor competition.
B) Northeast and Midwest, to minimize access to labor markets and maximize access to Northeastern markets.
C) Sunbelt, to minimize labor costs.
D) West, to maximize access to Japan, South Korea, and China.
E) Southeast, to avoid winter production costs.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
39) The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to
A) coal.
B) iron ore.
C) labor.
D) transport.
E) markets.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
40) Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to
A) government subsidies.
B) unskilled labor.
C) markets.
D) raw materials.
E) fluid capital.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
41) A company which uses more than one ________ will often locate near break-of-bulk points.
A) mode of transport
B) consumer market
C) raw material
D) type of labor
E) energy supply
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
42) In order to become a global industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems?
A) high labor costs
B) abundant energy sources
C) distance from consumers
D) weak consumer demand
E) proximity to China
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
[pic]
43) As indicated on this map of automobile assembly plants, in an effort to reduce labor competition and thus keep wages lower, there are only
A) three plants in Tennessee, one in South Carolina, two in Mississippi, and three in Illinois.
B) three plants in the Midwest, four plants in the Northeast, and five plants in the South.
C) two plants in the Midwest and more than 20 in the South.
D) four plants in Tennessee, one in South Carolina, three in Mississippi, and three in Illinois.
E) three plants in Tennessee, three in Kentucky, one in South Carolina, and four in Mississippi.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
44) Although transportation costs rise because breaks in transportation, we can surmise that over very long distances the lowest-cost form of transporting goods is by
A) truck.
B) train.
C) ship.
D) airplane.
E) rocket.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
45) Containerization was developed to facilitate long-distance transport by ________ before transferring to trucks and trains.
A) truck
B) train
C) ship
D) airplane
E) rocket
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
[pic]
46) As indicated on the map of minimill facilities in the U.S.,
A) minimills are primarily situated close to Northeastern markets.
B) most Nucor operations are concentrated in Mississippi, California, Illinois, Kentucky, and Maine.
C) most Nucor operations are concentrated in Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida.
D) minimills operate in nearly every U.S. state.
E) Nucor has operations in at least 20 different states.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
47) According to these charts, the U.S. share of global steel production
A) decreased from 30 percent in 1980 to 18 percent in 2010.
B) decreased from 44 percent in 1980 to 7 percent in 2010.
C) increased from 16 percent in 1980 to 19 percent in 2010.
D) decreased from 16 percent in 1980 to 8 percent in 2010.
E) decreased from 16 percent in 1980 to 6 percent in 2010.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
48) According to these pie charts, between 1980 and 2010 the share of global steel production from developing countries
A) increased from 7 percent to 44 percent.
B) increased from 14 percent to 19 percent of the total, if Russia is considered a developing country.
C) increased from 5 percent to 23 percent of the total, if Russia is considered a developing country.
D) decreased from 68 percent to 21 percent, if Russia is considered a developing country.
E) increased from 21 percent to 68 percent of the total, if Russia is considered a developing country.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 5: Describe how the optimal location for steel production has changed.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
49) Although many factory laborers in MDCs are paid $________ per hour, factory laborers in LDCs may be paid less than $________ per hour.
A) 35; 1
B) 75; 15
C) 35; 10
D) 100; 20
E) 45; 2
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
[pic]
50) According to this map of cotton yarn production, after China, India, and Pakistan the world leaders in yarn production include
A) Argentina, Russia, and Australia.
B) Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Egypt, the United States, Turkey, Russia, and Australia.
C) Egypt, France, Germany, Belgium, and Poland.
D) Argentina, the United States, Iraq, Iran, and Russia.
E) Argentina, the United States, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 8: Explain the distribution of textile production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
51) According to this map of cotton weaving distribution, between 1 billion and 3 billion square meters of fabric are produced annually in both
A) the United States and Canada.
B) the United States and Mexico.
C) Russia and Australia.
D) China and India.
E) the United States and Egypt.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 8: Explain the distribution of textile production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
52) As indicated on this map, the world leaders in blouse production include the United States, China,
A) Russia, South Africa, and Australia.
B) Pakistan, and India.
C) Egypt, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey.
D) Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.
E) Egypt, Spain, and Brazil.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 9: Explain the distribution of apparel production.
58) Despite the risks to the environment, the U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of
A) shrimp trawling and seafood processing.
B) just-in-time inventory management.
C) proximity to markets in Southwest Asia.
D) access to oil imports from Mexico and Venezuela.
E) access to oil and natural gas fields.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.13: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution.
59) In Western Europe, ________ has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century, especially after joining the European Union.
A) Denmark
B) Germany
C) France
D) Italy
E) Spain
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
60) Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing, but one difference is
A) in the United States, government policies have encouraged relocation.
B) in Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation.
C) the concentration of industries in Europe and diffusion in the United States.
D) the concentration of industries in the United States and diffusion in Europe.
E) movement to the west in Europe and to the east in the United States.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
61) Twenty-three U.S. states have so-called "right-to-work" laws that
A) are more numerous and anti-union in northern states than in southern states.
B) send a powerful signal to employers that workers have the right to join a labor union, whether or not this unionization might cause inconveniences for management.
C) make it much more difficult for employers to limit wages, cut health benefits, and stop unions from forming.
D) fight the efforts of factory management to break unions and keep future unions from forming.
E) cause a great deal of trouble for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.14: Explain reasons for changing distribution of industry within the United States.
[pic]
62) An analysis of these maps showing changes in U.S. manufacturing from 1950 to 2010 indicates that
A) the percentage of manufacturing jobs remained largely unchanged.
B) the number of manufacturing jobs increased in nearly all "right-to-work" states.
C) the number of manufacturing jobs in Indiana increased when it became a "right-to-work" state.
D) the number of manufacturing jobs increased in most "right-to-work" states and decreased in most other states.
E) the number of manufacturing jobs increased in California and Colorado, which are not "right-to-work" states.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.14: Explain reasons for changing distribution of industry within the United States.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
63) An analysis of these maps showing changes in U.S. manufacturing from 1950 to 2010 indicates that
A) the percentage of manufacturing jobs increased in California.
B) the percentage of manufacturing jobs decreased only in the Midwest and Northeast.
C) the number of manufacturing jobs increased only in "right-to-work" states.
D) the number of manufacturing jobs increased markedly in Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania.
E) the number of manufacturing jobs decreased markedly in Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.14: Explain reasons for changing distribution of industry within the United States.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
64) Mexico's maquiladora plants
A) must operate far from the U.S.-Mexico border.
B) employ more than five million laborers.
C) have an advantage of proximity to Latin American markets.
D) have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.
E) have grown in number as factories have been closed in China.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
65) Mexico's maquiladora plants
A) are distributed evenly across central Mexico.
B) rely on high tariffs that suppress U.S. sales.
C) are using obsolete production processes compared with most U.S. assembly plants.
D) may be taking advantage of lax environmental enforcement.
E) cannot find enough laborers to manufacture products in northern Mexico.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
66) Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process, as opposed to outsourcing, is known as
A) vertical integration.
B) the new international division of labor.
C) convergence.
D) right-to-work.
E) outsourcing.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
67) The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance of
A) outsourcing.
B) vertical integration.
C) access to raw materials.
D) new infrastructure.
E) just-in-time inventory management.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
[pic]
68) This chart regarding U.S.-made clothing indicates that the percentage of U.S.-made blouses and skirts being sold
A) decreased from about 38 percent in 2000 to about 3 percent in 2010.
B) decreased from about 25 percent in 2000 to about 5 percent in 2010.
C) decreased from about 25 percent in 2000 to about 3 percent in 2010.
D) decreased from about 30 percent in 2000 to about 1 percent in 2010.
E) decreased from about 32 percent in 2000 to about 3 percent in 2010.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 9: Explain the distribution of apparel production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
69) The chart on manufacturing value as a percentage of GDP indicates that the share of manufacturing in developed countries
A) began to be surpassed by manufacturing in developing countries in the mid-1990s.
B) was less than manufacturing in developing countries in the mid-1970s.
C) was greater than manufacturing in developing countries in the late 1980s.
D) was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1990s.
E) was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1980s.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 9: Explain the distribution of apparel production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
70) What two location factors influence more industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?
A) global communications and fluid capital
B) cheap labor and high consumer demand
C) availability of raw materials and cheap energy
D) fluid capital and advantageous tariffs
E) skilled labor and rapid delivery to market
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.12 Renewed Attraction of Traditional Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
71) In contrast to Fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to
A) introduce more flexible work rules.
B) place more importance on site factors.
C) assign each worker one task.
D) include repetitive tasks.
E) require larger inventories of parts and components.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.12 Renewed Attraction of Traditional Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
72) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, cottage industries were most common.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
73) The dominant industrial power in the nineteenth century was Great Britain.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
74) Wood became the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution due to overuse and depletion of coal reserves.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11.10: Describe causes and effects of global warming and damage to the ozone layer.
75) The invention of the steam engine in 1769 by James Watt is considered the most important invention for the development of factories at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11.10: Describe causes and effects of global warming and damage to the ozone layer.
[pic]
76) This map of rail diffusion in the Industrial Revolution indicates that Germany was served by several rail lines by 1848.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
77) This map of rail diffusion in the Industrial Revolution indicates that Greece obtained railways before Italy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11. 1 The Industrial Revolution
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
78) Industry is uniformly distributed across Earth.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
79) About three-fourths of world industrial production is clustered in three regions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
80) The Rhine-Ruhr River valley in Europe is near large deposits of coal.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 2 Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 1: Describe the locations of the principal industrial regions.
81) If the cost of transporting the inputs exceeds the cost of transporting the product, then the optimal plant location is as close as possible to the customer.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
82) The optimal location for a factory manufacturing a bulk-gaining product is likely to be one that minimizes the cost of transporting the product to the market.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
83) Of the four common shipping modes of transportation, air claims the lowest cost per kilometer across all distances.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
84) Communications-oriented industries, like newspapers, tend to locate near their markets.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
85) Because of the invention of high-tech pulleys and chutes, multi-story buildings in major cities are the most suitable land locations for contemporary factories.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
86) China has the largest labor force employed in manufacturing.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
87) The site factor most affecting the relocation of industry in the twenty-first century is labor.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
88) Newly constructed factories in more developed countries are more likely to be in suburban or rural areas than in urban centers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11.14: Explain reasons for changing distribution of industry within the United States.
93) As the global economy has changed, the United States lost 6 million manufacturing jobs between 1950 and 2009 although the U.S. population continued to increase.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
[pic]
94) According to this map of the European Union, southern Italy is identified as a "convergence region" whereas northern Italy is a "competitiveness and employment region."
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
[pic]
95) This map of the European Union indicates that the northernmost part of the United Kingdom is a "convergence region."
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 3
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
96) It is projected that by 2050, the United States would have the second largest economy in the world.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
97) India is expected to pass the United States as the world's largest economy around 2020.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
98) A financial analysis firm coined the acronym BRIC to indicate the projected economic power of Brazil, Russia, India, and China in the near future.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
99) Imagine that you are the leader of a new country being constructed on an artificial island in the Atlantic Ocean. Assuming that your citizens want to have a self-sustaining economy that is not highly dependent on global trade, how would you attempt to design and develop the nation's industrial sector?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
100) Imagine that you will design and build a new, sovereign island-state in the Caribbean Sea, based on investments made by multimillionaires. The lack of space means that only one or two manufacturing facilities can be built on the new island, however. What types of factories would you recommend building and why?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
101) As with many economists, geographers often work on logistical issues for industry and other challenges inherent in the global capitalist economy. Imagine for a moment, however, that you had the ability to change the global economic system into another form. What major changes would you institute, how, and why? Refer to various data in this chapter to reinforce your argument.
Answer: Varies.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11 Industry and Manufacturing
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
102) Discuss an example of a bulk-reducing (or weight-reducing) industry that you believe will face severe economic or environmental difficulties in the near future. What could be done to improve the outlook for that industry? How and why?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 3 Situation Factors: Proximity to Inputs
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
103) If you manage a computer manufacturer with assembly plants in Southeast Asia and are faced with a sudden increase in transportation costs, what changes could you institute to help to ameliorate the situation?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 2: Identify the two types of situation factors and explain why some industries locate near inputs.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
104) Compare the transportation and manufacturing regimes of water bottlers that ship water from the southern Pacific Ocean to water bottlers that use locally available sources.
Answer: Varies---but comparisons between Fiji Water and other types of water (e.g., Dasani, grocery store bottled water, etc.) might be made.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 4 Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets
Learning Outcome: 11. 4: Explain why industries use different types of transportation.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
105) How are just-in-time delivery methods more subject to disruptions?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
106) Outline the major site and situation factors which affect industrial development.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
107) If transportation costs were almost nonexistent—that is, if industries did not have to pay money to transport inputs and finished goods over long distances—what are the major changes that could occur in the automobile manufacturing industry?
Answer: transport
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
108) If transportation costs were not a factor—that is, if industries did not have to pay money to transport inputs and finished goods over long distances—what major changes could occur in information industries such as publishing? In addition, what changes would be the least likely to occur, given the major types of site factors?
Answer: Varies—but comparisons with Internet publishing may be made.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11. 3: Explain why some industries locate near markets.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
109) If a multinational corporation in your city proposes outsourcing a local factory to China in order to save a few cents per product manufactured, what counter-arguments could you offer to dissuade them from closing the local factory? Use data from this chapter to reinforce your argument.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 5 Changing Situation Factors in Key Industries
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
110) What economic advantages would break-of-bulk points offer to local populations?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
111) Analyze the economy of the university or college environment around you, and compare this service-oriented environment to the manufacturing sector. In your opinion, does your university or college more closely resemble Fordist or post-Fordist lean production methods? Why? Use data from this chapter to back up your analysis.
Answer: Varies—but may note post-Fordist concepts such as teams, problem solving, leveling
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11. 6 Site Factors
Learning Outcome: 11. 7: List the three types of site factors.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
112) Henry Ford was famous for paying his workers higher wages than other manufacturers of his time. Compare Ford's strategy to the wage-lowering strategies of car manufacturers in the U.S. today. Which approach would you favor, and why? Refer to specific data or examples from this chapter as either evidence for or against your opinion.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
113) Imagine that you will build a new factory to produce parts for all of the major U.S.-based automobile assembly plants today. Assume that you will build only one factory. Taking into account the locations of the assembly plants on this map and your knowledge of other factors described in this chapter, where would you locate your new factory, and why?
Answer: Varies, but should discuss the importance of locating parts suppliers near assembly plants.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.10a Changes within Developed Regions
Learning Outcome: 11. 6: Explain the distribution of motor vehicle production.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
114) Why is China one of the world's most important industrial producers?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
115) Imagine that you wished to manufacture clothing in the United States to sell in Asian markets. What challenges would you have to overcome in order to do this, and how?
Answer: Varies, but must deal with the higher costs of U.S. labor.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.11 Emerging Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.15: Explain reasons for the emergence of new industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
116) Considering the site and situation of the city or region in which you live, what future industries could you envision arising locally, that would help to reduce or reverse the trend of global warming? Why would you promote these industries over others in order to improve the environment? In your answer, use the information in this chapter to show that you understand the causes and challenges presented by global warming.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.12 Renewed Attraction of Traditional Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.10: Describe causes and effects of global warming and damage to the ozone layer.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
117) Many changes to industries are possible owing to global warming. If you assume, for the purposes of this question, that transportation costs will rise drastically in the next 20 years, discuss the impact of global warming on the current distribution of manufacturing in East Asia, given that many of these manufacturers are currently destined for U.S. markets.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.12 Renewed Attraction of Traditional Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
118) Imagine that a multinational corporation is considering closing a shoe factory in Malaysia in order to begin manufacturing in your city. What arguments could you make in favor of this change, considering factors of site, situation, labor, and environmental issues? Attempt to incorporate your knowledge of the city in your answer.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 11.12 Renewed Attraction of Traditional Industrial Regions
Learning Outcome: 11.16: Explain reasons for renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions.
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
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