Name________________________
Name________________________ Mrs. Sheehan
Unit 3 Fertile/Coastal Crescent Part 1: Chapter 3 Mesopotamia (p. 54-64)
Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
A. Locate and label items on the Mesopotamia map. (See maps we practiced)
Chapter Focus (p. 55)
Why Its Important
B. Where did the earliest civilization develop? _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C. What was the “land between the rivers” called in ancient times? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D. What is the “land between the rivers” called today? ________________
E. Why was Mesopotamia called the “cradle of civilization”? ___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 1: The Rise of Sumer (p. 55)
F. Who were the Sumerians? ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
G. _________________ civilization is the _________________ known civilization on Earth.
H. The Sumerians were the first people to do what? ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. What did the Tigris and Euphrates do each spring? _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
J. How did the Sumerians control the twin rivers?
1. They built _________________ to keep back the flood waters.
2. Define levee: __________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. During the _________________, the land became _________________.
4. They used the water from the canals to _________________, or water, their crops.
5. Their crops included ____________________________________ _____________________________________________________.
K. How did the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers make the Sumerians more organized? ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
L. What building materials did the Sumerians use to build their cities? Why? ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
City-States (p. 57)
Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
M. Define city-state: ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
N. Describe a Sumerian city-state
• Walls - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
• Gates - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
• Streets - _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
• Upper Class - _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
• Middle Class - ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
• Lower Class - ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
O. Define artisan: _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Religious and Family Life (p. 57-58))
P. Define ziggurat: ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Q. Where was the ziggurat located? _______________________________ __________________________________________________________
R. Describe what a ziggurat looked like: ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
S. The courts and ziggurat were the center of Sumerian life. List what activities took place at the ziggurat and courts.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T. Describe Sumerian religion.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
U. Define polytheism (This term is not in the book, I will give it to you): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Describe Sumerian priests.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
W. Describe Sumerian schools.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
X. Define cuneiform: __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Y. Why was writing developed?
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Z. Define scribe: ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AA. Where did scribes work? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AB. What was life like for Sumerian women?
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Priest-Kings (p. 59)
AC. At first, Sumer was ruled by _________________ who were also _________________ of the city-state.
AD. Who was Gilgamesh?
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________
AE. Sumerian priest-kings received their advice from an _________________ of free men. When war broke out, the assembly would choose one of its members to serve as a _________________ _________________ until the war was over. As time went on, these leaders stayed in charge even after peace returned. By about 3000 B. C., they took the place of _________________ as permanent _________________. At the same time, kingship became _________________, or passed down from parent to child.
Section 2: Later Mesopotamia Empires (p. 61, 63)
AF. About 2400 B. C., the power of _________________ began to fade. New _________________ began to develop in _________________.
Sargon I (p. 61)
AG. Who was Sargon I? What did he create? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AH. Define empire: ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hammurabi of Babylon (p. 61, 63)
Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
AI. Who was Hammurabi? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AJ. What changes, or reforms, did Hammurabi make that were important?
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AK. Define reform: __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
AL. What reform was Hammurabi best known for? _________________ __________________________________________________________
AM. How did Hammurabi create his code of law? ___________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AN. What were some of the main points of Hammurabi’s code of law?
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AO. What was Hammurabi’s reign known as? _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 3: Contributions (p. 63-64)
Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
AP. What was the result of Mesopotamia’s influence on other civilizations? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
1. Writing - _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Wheel - ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Plow - ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Sailboat - _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Calendar - ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Math - _______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Water Clock - _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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