Name________________________



Name________________________ Mrs. Sheehan

Unit 3 Fertile/Coastal Crescent Part 1: Chapter 3 Mesopotamia (p. 54-64)

Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

A. Locate and label items on the Mesopotamia map. (See maps we practiced)

Chapter Focus (p. 55)

Why Its Important

B. Where did the earliest civilization develop? _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. What was the “land between the rivers” called in ancient times? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. What is the “land between the rivers” called today? ________________

E. Why was Mesopotamia called the “cradle of civilization”? ___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Section 1: The Rise of Sumer (p. 55)

F. Who were the Sumerians? ____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

G. _________________ civilization is the _________________ known civilization on Earth.

H. The Sumerians were the first people to do what? ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. What did the Tigris and Euphrates do each spring? _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

J. How did the Sumerians control the twin rivers?

1. They built _________________ to keep back the flood waters.

2. Define levee: __________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. During the _________________, the land became _________________.

4. They used the water from the canals to _________________, or water, their crops.

5. Their crops included ____________________________________ _____________________________________________________.

K. How did the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers make the Sumerians more organized? ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

L. What building materials did the Sumerians use to build their cities? Why? ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

City-States (p. 57)

Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

M. Define city-state: ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

N. Describe a Sumerian city-state

• Walls - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

• Gates - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

• Streets - _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

• Upper Class - _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

• Middle Class - ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

• Lower Class - ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

O. Define artisan: _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

Religious and Family Life (p. 57-58))

P. Define ziggurat: ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

Q. Where was the ziggurat located? _______________________________ __________________________________________________________

R. Describe what a ziggurat looked like: ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S. The courts and ziggurat were the center of Sumerian life. List what activities took place at the ziggurat and courts.

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

T. Describe Sumerian religion.

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

U. Define polytheism (This term is not in the book, I will give it to you): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Describe Sumerian priests.

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

W. Describe Sumerian schools.

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

X. Define cuneiform: __________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Y. Why was writing developed?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Z. Define scribe: ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AA. Where did scribes work? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AB. What was life like for Sumerian women?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Priest-Kings (p. 59)

AC. At first, Sumer was ruled by _________________ who were also _________________ of the city-state.

AD. Who was Gilgamesh?

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

AE. Sumerian priest-kings received their advice from an _________________ of free men. When war broke out, the assembly would choose one of its members to serve as a _________________ _________________ until the war was over. As time went on, these leaders stayed in charge even after peace returned. By about 3000 B. C., they took the place of _________________ as permanent _________________. At the same time, kingship became _________________, or passed down from parent to child.

Section 2: Later Mesopotamia Empires (p. 61, 63)

AF. About 2400 B. C., the power of _________________ began to fade. New _________________ began to develop in _________________.

Sargon I (p. 61)

AG. Who was Sargon I? What did he create? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AH. Define empire: ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hammurabi of Babylon (p. 61, 63)

Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

AI. Who was Hammurabi? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AJ. What changes, or reforms, did Hammurabi make that were important?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AK. Define reform: __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

AL. What reform was Hammurabi best known for? _________________ __________________________________________________________

AM. How did Hammurabi create his code of law? ___________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AN. What were some of the main points of Hammurabi’s code of law?

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AO. What was Hammurabi’s reign known as? _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Section 3: Contributions (p. 63-64)

Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

AP. What was the result of Mesopotamia’s influence on other civilizations? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

1. Writing - _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Wheel - ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Plow - ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Sailboat - _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Calendar - ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Math - _______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Water Clock - _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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