Websites Used: - HALLMARKS OF EDUCATION



Name: ________________________________________ Class: _________

THEME: The conflicts in a community affect all of its members.

Unit Packet for Creating Outstanding Research Papers

Your Task: For your research paper, you will select one of the conflicts that teens face to further research the causes, possible solutions and ways that these issues impact that broader community.

• Each essay will include an introduction, multiple body paragraphs, and a conclusion. 8 or more pages MLA

• You will summarize the problem you have chosen to focus on, examine factors that cause this problem, and introduce possible solutions the community could pursue.

• You must use at least 5 sources of information to complete your research (at least one source NOT found online).

• You should employ the steps of the writing process and are expected to use proper conventions.

Due Dates for Each Step of Your Research Paper

|Date Due |Work Time |Task |Teacher’s Comments |

|PREWRITING |

| |Day 1 |Choosing a research topic | |

| | | |Pg. 1-3: |

| |Day 1 |Learn how to collect and record source information| |

| | |for citations |Pg. 4-7: |

| |Day 2 |Continue to take notes on important research | |

| | |information |Pg. 8-9: |

| |Day 3 |Create an outline for all body paragraphs with | |

| | |topic sentences |Pg. 10-13: |

| |Day 4 |Create a thesis statement to guide your research | |

| | | |Pg. 14-15: |

|DRAFTING |

| |Day 5 |Write the introduction | |

| | | |Pg. 16: |

| |Day 6 |Write the body paragraphs | |

| | | |Pg. 17-18: |

| |Day 7 |Write the conclusion | |

| | | |Pg. 19: |

|IDENTIFYING SOURCES |

| |Day 8 |Creating a list of reference works / works cited | |

| | |page |Pg. 20-24: |

|REVISING, EDITING & PUBLISHING |

| |Day 9 |Self and Peer Revising and Editing | |

| | | |Pg. 25-26: |

| |Day 10 - 12 |Final research paper due | |

| | |(Be prepared to |Loose Leaf or Typed: |

| | |share your paper!) | |

| |Day 10 - 15 | |Classroom Event: |

| | |Research Paper Gallery Walk or | |

| | |Presentations/Discussions | |

Choosing a Research Topic

Directions: You are going to select an issue facing teens in our community to be the subject of your research paper. This should be an issue that interests you. Once you select that issue, you need to find at least three sources to complete your research – one of which must be something other than an internet source.

I would like to research _____________________________________ because _________________

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Fill in the chart below to help you determine what you already know about the person you selected and what type of information you are going to need to find during your research.

|What I Already Know About This Issue |What I Would Like to Find Out About This Issue |

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Surveying Your Topic

Before going any further with your topic, make sure you have checked in with your teacher.

Teacher Comments: ________________________________________________________________

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If your topic is approved, you’re ready to survey your topic to see if there’s enough information out there for you to work with. If you can’t find at least three different sources related to your topic, you’re in trouble. You can’t write a research paper about something if you can’t find information on it.

Where should you look for information on your topic? Here are some ideas to get you started:

□ Encyclopedias:

o Microsoft Encarta

o Encyclopedia Britannica

□ Books:

o Biographies and Autobiographies written about your subject

o Books about the important accomplishments of your subject

□ Credible Websites:

o DMOZ Open Directory: Presents a variety of links to various links, organized by subject area. The directory can be searched to present only information relevant to kids and teens.

o : Includes information about issues facing our communities and describes ways that community members can do something to change things.

o . Provides a searchable database of articles on everything from sibling rivalry to safe sex. Articles are written for kids, teens and parents.

o : Provides advice, facts and statistics on a variety of issues facing today’s teens.

o Web MD: Provides medical information and advise in a searchable database of articles, editorials and medical reviews.

Websites Used:

Here is some space for you to record your own source information. Make sure to take down ALL of the information below for EVERY resource you use. It is easiest to take note of this information BEFORE you leave the website.

Website #1:

Author (if available): _______________________________________________________

Name of the website: ______________________________________________________

Date you looked at the website: ______________________________________________

Full web address: __________________________________________________________

Website #2:

Author (if available): _______________________________________________________

Name of the website: ______________________________________________________

Date you looked at the website: ______________________________________________

Full web address: __________________________________________________________

Website #3:

Author (if available): _______________________________________________________

Name of the website: ______________________________________________________

Date you looked at the website: ______________________________________________

Full web address: __________________________________________________________

Website #4:

Author (if available): _______________________________________________________

Name of the website: ______________________________________________________

Date you looked at the website: ______________________________________________

Full web address: __________________________________________________________

Books Used:

Make sure to take down ALL of the information below for EVERY resource you use.

- Author Look on the cover to find this information

- Title of the book

- Publisher

- Location of the publisher Look on the first few pages to find this information

- Year the book was published

Book #1:

Author: __________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________________________________________________

Publisher: ________________________________________________________________

Location of the Publisher: ____________________________________________________

Year the Book was Published: ________________________________________________

Book #2:

Author: __________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________________________________________________

Publisher: ________________________________________________________________

Location of the Publisher: ____________________________________________________

Year the Book was Published: ________________________________________________

Book #3:

Author: __________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________________________________________________

Publisher: ________________________________________________________________

Location of the Publisher: ____________________________________________________

Year the Book was Published: ________________________________________________

Keeping Track of your sources’ information:

For magazines, newspapers, journals, and electronic media, add this

information:

Article #1

Name of the Magazine, Newspaper/Journal:_______________________________________

Title of the Article : ___________________________________________________________

Selection of a newspaper in which the article can be found: __________________________

Date of the issue: ____________________________________________________________

Volume and Issue Number (if available): _________________________________________

Complete web address for internet sites: _________________________________________

Article #2

Name of the Magazine, Newspaper/Journal:_______________________________________

Title of the Article : ___________________________________________________________

Selection of a newspaper in which the article can be found: __________________________

Date of the issue: ____________________________________________________________

Volume and Issue Number (if available): _________________________________________

Complete web address for internet sites: _________________________________________

Article #3

Name of the Magazine, Newspaper/Journal:_______________________________________

Title of the Article : ___________________________________________________________

Selection of a newspaper in which the article can be found: __________________________

Date of the issue: ____________________________________________________________

Volume and Issue Number (if available): _________________________________________

Complete web address for internet sites: _________________________________________

Taking Notes from Your Sources

Once you have located useful and credible sources, you are ready to take notes for your paper. We will discuss how these notes look, but here are some guidelines to help you as you put together your notes:

□ Write down the author and the title of your source next to each note taken. You don’t need to write down the publisher or the copyright date because those are recorded in your source information already. You just need to know where you got the information for each note.

□ Make sure to also record the page number where you found this information (if you are using a printed source, like a book)

□ Paraphrase or summarize the information (in your own words) to add it to your outline in the appropriate area. Make sure that any dates, names or other facts are correct and spelled properly!

□ If you want to use a direct quote from your source, make sure you copy it word for word and put quotation marks around it.

Now You Try!

Imagine you are writing a research paper on drunk driving. Your thesis statement is: Drinking and driving is a major conflict in our community because there is underage drinking going on that has resulted in innocent deaths in our community.

Read the passage below from and create a note for it.

Note: ____________________________________________________________________________

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Use the following blank pages (& notebook paper) to take notes on your research!

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Creating an Outline

An outline is like the skeleton of a research paper. Once you have a complete and detailed outline, you are ready to start writing your first draft.

Read the following outline for a research paper on how teen drunk driving has had an impact on a community. This can be used as an example for your own outline.

I. Introduction – Thesis Statement: Drinking and driving is a major conflict in our community because there is underage drinking going on that has resulted in innocent deaths in our community.

II. Body Paragraph : The problem of underage drinking and driving

a. Younger people’s bodies react to alcohol differently, so teens are getting drunk twice as fast as adults.

b. Teens have less control over themselves and as they are getting drunk, they want to keep going.

c. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking.

III. Body Paragraph : Factors that cause drinking and driving

a. Teens want to take a risk

b. Teens are involved in peer pressure

c. Alcohol problems and effects may be linked directly to genetics

IV. Body Paragraph : Possible solutions the community could pursue

a. In 1984 the drinking age went from 18 to 21 and this caused a drop in underage drinking in 8th graders 45%, saving about 900 lives per year.

b. Being informed and supporting programs, such as MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving).

c. Instead of just enforcing information about underage drinking to teens, all of society should be informed about the risks (store clerks, adults buying alcohol for underage teens).

V. Conclusion – Restatement of the Thesis: Underage drinking is illegal. It is a major conflict in our teen community because innocent deaths result from this issue. The community needs to seek out the resources available to help solve this conflict that impacts our communities.

Notice, that each guiding question has at least three pieces of information that help to answer it.

Your outline should have 3-5 supporting details under each topic for your body paragraphs.

The introduction and conclusion of your outline provide a brief overview of the key points you will include. This should not be used as your entire introductory or conclusive paragraph.

What do you notice? What observations can you make about this outline? What are the strengths that you see? Where could improvements be made? If you were going to write this paper, what additional information might you want to look for in future research?

Creating an Outline (cont.)

Now it’s Your Turn. Use the example and template from the previous pages to create an outline for your paper. You may need additional space, and if this is the case you can rewrite your outline on loose leaf. Keep the following tips in mind in order to create an outline that will be most useful for you when you go to write your paper.

□ Read through all of your notes in order to determine the most important ideas that should be listed in the outline.

□ What is the best logical order for your supporting details that help you answer each guiding question? (think about the bullet points in the task)

□ Next, consider your audience. Have you organized your ideas in a way that will be clear to readers?

□ Then, read every note you have included under each important fact. Do all of your supporting details directly address the purpose of your research paper? If not, delete them or move them to another section of your outline.

□ Now study your outline. Do you have enough supporting details explain the importance of each fact? If not, make note of the sections that you will need to develop with additional research.

□ Review your completed outline. Is everything in the right order? Is the form correct? Are all of your facts correct? Have you left out any information?

This part of the writing process is extremely important because you should be able to write your paper directly from your outline, by expanding on your headings and subheadings.

Once you have completed your outline, come back to this page to write down the areas where you think that your outline is missing information. Where might you be able to find this information?

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Your Outline

I. Introduction – Thesis Statement: ____________________________________________

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II. Body Paragraph Topic #1: __________________________________________________

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a. ________________________________________________________________________

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b. ________________________________________________________________________

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c. ________________________________________________________________________

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III. Body Paragraph Topic #2: _________________________________________________

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a. ________________________________________________________________________

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b. ________________________________________________________________________

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c. ________________________________________________________________________

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IV. Body Paragraph Topic #3: __________________________________________________

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a. ________________________________________________________________________

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b. ________________________________________________________________________

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c. ________________________________________________________________________

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V. Conclusion – Restatement of the Thesis: ______________________________________

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Creating Thesis Statements

You must create your thesis statement now to guide your research paper. You should think about the main idea of your paper and the important ideas you have found in your research.

The following triangle is upside down to help you see how specific your thesis statement should be. The topic given to you - “An Issue Facing Teens” – is very broad. You then selected a single subject. Now you need to create a thesis to finalize a specific purpose for your writing.

Ask yourself: What are you trying to prove about this issue and how it impacts our community?

Look at the following example to help you create your own on the following page.

Thesis Statement:

Creating Your Thesis Statement

Now, it’s your turn to narrow your topic down to a thesis statement. Use the upside down triangle to create your thesis statement. Remember it should be specific.

Here are some sentence starters that may help you form your thesis:

□ _________________ is an issue facing today’s teens and our communities because

_________________________ and _________________________.

□ _________________ is an experience that today’s teens face and it impacts our

communities because ______________________ and __________________________.

Your Subject:

Drafting Your Introduction

A good introduction does more than just state the thesis, or main idea, of a research paper. It needs to grab the reader’s attention with an interesting “hook.” One way to hook the reader’s attention is with a thought-provoking question. Another way is to open with a surprising fact or statistic. Some writers also use a brief story to introduce their topic. Yet another way is to start with a quotation.

Look at the sample introduction sentences below to help you understand how each approach might be used.

Question: How many times have you been tempted to do something because it was the cool thing to do? Have you had second thoughts, but the pressure of being cool overcame any of those thoughts? Underage drinking is illegal, but it is an issue that teens are still facing and trying to overcome.

Fact or Statistic: Underage drinking is illegal, but it is an issue that teens are still facing and trying to overcome. Every year, 1,900 people under the age of 21 die because of alcohol related car accidents.

Story: It was every mother’s worst nightmare: a phone call in the middle of the night to inform her that her 17-year-old son was killed in a drunk driving accident. Unfortunately, this is a scenario we hear about far too often in the United States.

Quotation: MADD’s Driven magazine claims, “Promoting 'responsible drinking and driving' is like promoting 'responsible drive-by shootings'." Buzzed driving is still drunk driving, and there is no way to be sure that you will be safe when you get into a car with anyone who has been drinking.

Now You Try! Select the type of introduction you think works best for your paper. Review your notes before you write your introduction to see if you can find some facts or examples that will really hook your reader.

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Drafting Your Body Paragraphs –

Creating Topic Sentences

Now that you have created a complete outline and drafted your introduction, you are ready to begin the body of your paper. As you start to write your first draft, the first thing you will need to consider is the topic sentence for each body paragraph.

A topic sentence ___________________________________________________________________

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Creating a topic sentence for each body paragraph can be very simple. All you need to do is turn each topic you have selected to research for that paragraph into a statement. For example, when looking back at my outline I can see that my first important topic was: The problem of underage drinking and driving.

Using this as my guide, I could create the following topic sentence: Drinking and driving is a problem that affects us all. In fact, 1 in every 3 Americans will be involved in an alcohol related accident in their lifetime.

Now You Try! In the space below, record your important topics and topic sentences for each of your body paragraphs.

Topic #1: __________________________________________________________________________

Topic Sentence #1: _________________________________________________________________

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Topic #2: _________________________________________________________________________

Topic Sentence #2: _________________________________________________________________

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Topic #3: _________________________________________________________________________

Topic Sentence #3: _________________________________________________________________

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Drafting Your Body Paragraphs –

Moving From Your Outline to Full Paragraphs

At this point you should be able to use your outline notes to develop the body paragraphs for your paper. If you have included enough detail in your outline, it will be simple to create great supporting paragraphs to prove your thesis. However, it is not always easy to understand how to move from an outline to a body paragraph.

Look at the example below to help you understand what this process might look like.

Outline:

I. Body Paragraph #1: The problem of underage drinking and driving

a. Younger people’s bodies react to alcohol differently, so teens are getting drunk twice as fast as adults.

b. Teens have less control over themselves and as they are getting drunk, they want to keep going.

c. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking.

Body Paragraph #1:

Drinking and driving is a problem that affects us all. In fact, 1 in every 3 Americans will be involved in an alcohol related accident in their lifetime. Underage drinking is a problem because younger people’s bodies are not fully developed, so they react to alcohol differently. Because of this, teens become drunk twice as fast as adults do. Teens have less control over themselves. As they are getting drunk, they do not have a limit to stop, therefore they keep going. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking. Underage drinking affects individuals personally, as well as the community as a whole.

Once you finish writing a paragraph, you should ask yourself: Does each paragraph in the body contain a topic sentence that tells the main idea of that paragraph? To help you check your own work, underline the topic sentences and circle the supporting details once you have finished your body paragraphs.

Drafting Your Conclusion

Conclusions can sometimes be the most difficult part of writing a research paper. The conclusion is very important because it is the last thing your reader reads, and it will have to tie everything up. Remember, it is similar to the introduction, but NOT the exact same thing written in your introduction.

A conclusion should:

□ Stress the importance of the thesis statement

□ Give the essay a sense of completeness

□ Leave a final impression on the reader.

If you need help thinking about your conclusion, look back to our example outline from page 10 to help you get started.

Now it’s time for you to keep the above ideas in mind and draft your conclusion on the lines below. It should be at least 4-5 sentences long.

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Formatting Your Citations

Now you’re setting out on your journey to find, gather, and write down information about your subject. Your research paper will contain information from many different sources. It is illegal to use information from other people’s work without crediting them. That is called ______________________. Don’t do it. That is why you need a system for taking notes from and documenting your sources.

Every time you find a new source (whether it’s a book, encyclopedia, website or another source of information), you should keep track of all of the important information. Below are some examples of sources that are well documented. You will be able to use the next few pages to keep track of your own sources.

Each example below comes from a different type of source (a book, an encyclopedia article and a magazine article). Each example shows what information should be included, the correct order of the information, and the correct punctuation that should be used.

Make sure you copy this information carefully from your source. At the end of your paper you will need to include a bibliography that contains a list of all of your sources.

|Type of Source: Book |

|Roop, Connie and Peter. |

|Escape from the Ice: Shackleton and the Endurance. |

|New York: Scholastic Inc., 2001 |

Author(s)

Publishing

City, Publisher

and Year

|Type of Source: Encyclopedia Article |

|“Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry.” |

|Encyclopedia Britannica. |

|2005 ed. 1993. |

Article Title

Edition Year

And Publishing

Year

Formatting Your Citations (cont.)

|Type of Source: Magazine Article |

|Ramsey, Jeff. “Endurance: An Aptly Named Ship.” |

|National Geographic Explorer. |

|Sept. 1993: 24-25. |

Author and

Title

Magazine

Issue and

Pages Used

Now You Try! Write a correctly formatted source card for the book described below.

|Type of Source: Book |

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Author(s)

Publishing

City, Publisher

and Year

Formatting Your Citations from Online Sources

You will be using information you find on websites in your research paper, so it is important to know how to properly record the information about these sources. Below you will see information that comes from an online encyclopedia as well as another credible website.

You can usually find the information you need at the top of your window, all the way at the bottom of the page, or in a separate section called “About [the name of the website].”

|Type of Source: Online Encyclopedia |

|“Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry.” |

| 2006. |

|World Book Encyclopedia. |

|March 26, 2006. |

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Article Title

Name of

Encyclopedia

Full URL

|Type of Source: Credible Website |

|Shackleton, Johnathan. |

|Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton Home Page. |

|March 16, 2006. |

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Author

Date You

Looked at the

Site

Formatting Your Citations from Online Sources (cont.)

Now you try! Write correctly formatted source information about each of the websites listed below.

Source Information:

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Source Information:

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Citing Sources: Creating a Bibliography

You should refer back to Part 1 of your packet as a reference for how to create your bibliography based upon what type of resource you are using (for example: a book, magazine, website, etc.). Use the space below to record all of your resources.

Remember:

□ Every resource should be listed in alphabetical order by last name or website title if no author is available.

□ Each line after the first line should be indented.

□ You should have at least 4-5 sources listed.

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Editing and Evaluating your Research Paper – Partner #1

You are going to work with a partner to edit each other’s research papers. Editing is the last step in the writing process. When editing, look for mechanical errors in grammar and punctuation. To help your partner identify mechanical errors in their paper, underline any errors with a pencil. In the margin write the correct abbreviation for each error. Use the list of abbreviations below:

• misspelled word (SP)

• grammar/usage error (GU)

• punctuation error (P)

• documentation format error (DOC)

• wrong word (WW)

• deleted word (D)

• capitalization (CAP)

Finally, further evaluate your partner’s paper by going through the following checklist (Make sure to fill in comments section to explain):

| |Comments: |

|Is the paper neat and appropriate? | |

|Is the title of the paper appropriate? | |

|Was there enough detail on the subject to give a complete| |

|understanding? | |

|Did you learn something that surprised you or that you | |

|did not know before? | |

What did you like about the paper? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What suggestions will help your partner improve the paper?

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Editing and Evaluating your Research Paper – Partner #2

You are going to work with a partner to edit each other’s research papers. Editing is the last step in the writing process. When editing, look for mechanical errors in grammar and punctuation. To help your partner identify mechanical errors in their paper, underline any errors with a pencil. In the margin write the correct abbreviation for each error. Use the list of abbreviations below:

• misspelled word (SP)

• grammar/usage error (GU)

• punctuation error (P)

• documentation format error (DOC)

• wrong word (WW)

• deleted word (D)

• capitalization (CAP)

Finally, further evaluate your partner’s paper by going through the following checklist (Make sure to fill in comments section to explain):

| |Comments: |

|Is the paper neat and appropriate? | |

|Is the title of the paper appropriate? | |

|Was there enough detail on the subject to give a complete| |

|understanding? | |

|Did you learn something that surprised you or that you | |

|did not know before? | |

What did you like about the paper? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What suggestions will help your partner improve the paper?

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When you survey something, you try to get a sense of the big picture or broad scope of your topic.

The age limit for alcohol is based on research which shows that young people react differently to alcohol. Teens get drunk twice as fast as adults, but have more trouble knowing when to stop. Teens naturally overdo it and binge more often than adults. Enforcing the legal drinking age of 21 reduces traffic crashes, protects young people’s maturing brains, and keeps young people safer overall.

The

Th

Your Subject:

Drinking and Driving

Topic Given: An issue facing teens in our community

Drinking and driving is a major conflict in our community because there is underage drinking going on that has resulted in innocent deaths in our community.

The

Th

Topic Given: An issue facing teens in our community

Thesis Statement:

Title

Encyclopedia Name

Magazine Name

Information Found on the Copyright Page:

Copyright 2002 by Johnathan Skackleton and John MacKenna. All rights reserved. For information regarding permissions, contact University of Wisconsin Press.

Information Found on the Title Page:

Shackleton: An Irishman in Antarctica

Johnathan Shackleton

John MacKenna

University of Washington Press

Madison, Wisconsin

Title

Main Web Page

Date You Looked at the Site

Webpage

Title

Full URL

Online Encyclopedia:

An internet search done on March 26, 2006, located “Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry,” an article in the Britannica Online Encylopedia 2006 owned by the Encyclopedia Britannica. The URL was

Credible Website:

An internet search done on March 26, 2006, located the home page on an organization called the James Caird Society, honoring the wealthy Scottish industrialist who helped fund Shackleton’s expeditions. The URL was

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