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Cuba Intercambio: Cultural and Information Exchange for CubaPaste the appropriate copyright/license statement here. ACM now supports three different publication options: ?ACM copyright: ACM holds the copyright on the work. This is the historical approach.?License: The author(s) retain copyright, but ACM receives an exclusive publication license.?Open Access: The author(s) wish to pay for the work to be open access. The additional fee must be paid to ACM.This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single-spaced in Verdana 7 point font. Please do not change the size of this text box.Each submission will be assigned a unique DOI string to be included here.-628658890Michaelanne DyeGeorgia Institute of Technology85 5th St.Atlanta, GA 30332 USAmdye@gatech.eduAnnie AntónGeorgia Institute of Technology85 5th St.Atlanta, GA 30332 USAaianton@cc.gatech.edu00Michaelanne DyeGeorgia Institute of Technology85 5th St.Atlanta, GA 30332 USAmdye@gatech.eduAnnie AntónGeorgia Institute of Technology85 5th St.Atlanta, GA 30332 USAaianton@cc.gatech.edu15373358890Amy S. BruckmanGeorgia Institute of Technology85 5th St.Atlanta, GA 30332 USAasb@cc.gatech.edu00Amy S. BruckmanGeorgia Institute of Technology85 5th St.Atlanta, GA 30332 USAasb@cc.gatech.eduAbstractIn Cuba, information has been tightly controlled for more than 50 years and people are eager to access content long out of reach. Based on research findings from early 2015, this study explores crowdsourced information retrieval and cultural exchange for people living in regions with low Internet access, specifically Cuba. We discuss the deployment of Cuba Intercambio, an interactive, crowdsourced system designed to meet Cuban’s information needs during this time of potential change as well as serve as a type of cultural exchange between Cubans and those living outside of Cuba. Author KeywordsICTD; social media; Facebook; Cuba; social computing ACM Classification KeywordsH.5.3?Group and Organization Interfaces: Web-based interactionIntroductionIn a country where information was tightly controlled for over 50 years, people are eager to access content long out of reach. In December 2014, the United States and Cuba announced that they intend to normalize relations ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "5", "12" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "The White House", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "The White House", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "title" : "FACT SHEET: Charting a New Course on Cuba", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Baker", "given" : "Peter", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "New York Times", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014", "12", "17" ] ] }, "publisher-place" : "Washington", "title" : "U.S. to Restore Full Relations With Cuba, Erasing a Last Trace of Cold War Hostility", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[1,10]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[1,10]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[1,10]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[1,10]. One potential consequence may be greatly increased access to the Internet for Cuban citizens. However, to date, Cubans’ Internet use is still greatly restricted by access limitations and slow network speeds ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "", "ISBN" : "9781450335928", "abstract" : "Although the Cuban government has tightly controlled information access for more than half a century, a small number of Cubans have access at work. In this paper, we examine Internet and social media use by early adopters in Cuba in early 2015, as we enter a time of potential change. Specifically, we explore Cubans\u2019 access limitations and the activities they do online, as well as what Internet access means to them. We conducted interviews with 12 Cuban Internet users and observed their social media use. Our findings suggest that access limitations and slow network speeds greatly restrict Cubans\u2019 Internet use. To counter these limitations, Cubans are collaborative, often conducting online research and posting photos for friends with less access. Based on these findings, we propose future work to help meet Cuban citizens\u2019 information needs.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dye", "given" : "Michaelanne", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Ant\u00f3n", "given" : "Annie", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Bruckman", "given" : "Amy S", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '16)", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "title" : "Early Adopters of the Internet and Social Media in Cuba", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[4]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[4]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[4]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[4]. Considering the potential for change and the unique space that Cuba represents, we are deploying a prototype (Cuba Intercambio) that seeks to serve the information needs of Cubans at this time. Through this work, we are also interested in increasing the dialogue between Cubans and those living outside of Cuba. What follows is a brief overview of findings from research conducted in early 2015, which lays the foundation for Cuba Intercambio. We describe the deployment of Cuba Intercambio and, finally, end with questions that we hope to explore through this research. BackgroundCuba has been called the second most isolated country in the world, partially due to its tightly controlled Internet ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Voeux", "given" : "Claire", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Pain", "given" : "Julien", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Reporters Without Borders", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2006", "10" ] ] }, "publisher-place" : "Paris", "title" : "Going Online in Cuba: Internet Under Surveillance", "type" : "article-magazine" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[11]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[11]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[11]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[11]. Reasons for this Internet stagnation include lack of resources, the US embargo against Cuba, and the Cuban government’s fear of implications of the freedom of information ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "4", "29" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Freedom House", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Freedom House", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "title" : "Freedom on the Net: Cuba", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Press", "given" : "Larry", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "title" : "Past, Present, and Future of the Internet in Cuba", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "21" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[5,8]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[5,8]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[5,8]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[5,8]. Cuba was removed from the US state sponsors of terror list in May 2015, and formal diplomatic relations between the US and Cuba were established in July 2015 ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "DeYoung", "given" : "Karen", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Washington Post", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "7", "17" ] ] }, "publisher-place" : "Washington, DC", "title" : "U.S. and Cuba set to formally reestablish diplomatic relations - The Washington Post", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[3]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[3]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[3]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[3]. This will presumably yield significant growth in Internet access for Cuban citizens ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Baker", "given" : "Peter", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "New York Times", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014", "12", "17" ] ] }, "publisher-place" : "Washington", "title" : "U.S. to Restore Full Relations With Cuba, Erasing a Last Trace of Cold War Hostility", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[1]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[1]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[1]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[1]. However, consistent blocks exist to Internet access, including policy restrictions, surveillance, high costs and lack of resources. Even with more Internet penetration across the island, little has changed for most Cubans seeking information beyond state-controlled sources ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.2139/ssrn.2291721", "ISSN" : "1556-5068", "abstract" : "Cuba has one of the lowest Internet penetration rates in the Western hemisphere and is routinely ranked among countries with the highest restrictions on Internet use in the world. But within both categories, it is something of a rare bird. While the precise number of Internet users in the country is difficult to calculate, it is clear that a lack of infrastructure, combined with economic and political hurdles, has left access to the global Internet out of reach for most Cubans. But this may soon change. This spring, the country\u2019s only telecommunications firm, the state-owned ETECSA, activated two undersea fiber optic cables that are set to drastically increase connection speeds in Cuba; the firm also opened over 100 cybercafes across the island. Officials have since made public promises to increase access and lower currently exorbitant fees for Internet use. This could fundamentally change the island\u2019s information economy. Although Cuba is routinely listed alongside China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia as one of the most Internet-restrictive countries in the world, there is no conclusive evidence that the Cuban government practices widespread filtering. While a handful of websites related to dissident activity are blocked, Cubans who use the global Internet are able to browse the web and participate in digital communities without facing extensive content controls. But most don\u2019t get this far. Although the country has an active national Intranet, access to the global Internet is availably mainly to those in high-skilled professional sectors and academia. The potential impact of digital media and the global Internet on Cuban society has been limited due to the lack of network access on the island. Yet this has not prevented the increasing circulation of digital media among the country\u2019s nascent but growing community of tech-savvy citizens.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Biddle", "given" : "Ellery Roberts", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Internet Monitor Special Report Series", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013", "7", "10" ] ] }, "title" : "Rationing the Digital: The Politics and Policy of Internet Use in Cuba Today", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "1" }, "uris" : [ "" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Press", "given" : "Larry", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "title" : "Past, Present, and Future of the Internet in Cuba", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "21" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[2,8]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[2,8]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[2,8]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[2,8]. The Cuban government continues to repress individuals and groups who criticize the government or call for basic human rights ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "4", "29" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Freedom House", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Freedom House", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "title" : "Freedom on the Net: Cuba", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[5]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[5]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[5]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[5]. Despite impediments to open communication online, Cubans are eager to communicate with one another, as well as the rest of the world ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "", "ISBN" : "9781450335928", "abstract" : "Although the Cuban government has tightly controlled information access for more than half a century, a small number of Cubans have access at work. In this paper, we examine Internet and social media use by early adopters in Cuba in early 2015, as we enter a time of potential change. Specifically, we explore Cubans\u2019 access limitations and the activities they do online, as well as what Internet access means to them. We conducted interviews with 12 Cuban Internet users and observed their social media use. Our findings suggest that access limitations and slow network speeds greatly restrict Cubans\u2019 Internet use. To counter these limitations, Cubans are collaborative, often conducting online research and posting photos for friends with less access. Based on these findings, we propose future work to help meet Cuban citizens\u2019 information needs.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dye", "given" : "Michaelanne", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Ant\u00f3n", "given" : "Annie", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Bruckman", "given" : "Amy S", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '16)", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "title" : "Early Adopters of the Internet and Social Media in Cuba", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[4]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[4]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[4]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[4]. Previous Research This work is grounded in findings from research conducted in early 2015 on Internet and social media use by early adopters living in Cuba ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "", "ISBN" : "9781450335928", "abstract" : "Although the Cuban government has tightly controlled information access for more than half a century, a small number of Cubans have access at work. In this paper, we examine Internet and social media use by early adopters in Cuba in early 2015, as we enter a time of potential change. Specifically, we explore Cubans\u2019 access limitations and the activities they do online, as well as what Internet access means to them. We conducted interviews with 12 Cuban Internet users and observed their social media use. Our findings suggest that access limitations and slow network speeds greatly restrict Cubans\u2019 Internet use. To counter these limitations, Cubans are collaborative, often conducting online research and posting photos for friends with less access. Based on these findings, we propose future work to help meet Cuban citizens\u2019 information needs.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dye", "given" : "Michaelanne", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Ant\u00f3n", "given" : "Annie", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Bruckman", "given" : "Amy S", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '16)", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "title" : "Early Adopters of the Internet and Social Media in Cuba", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[4]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[4]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[4]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[4]. We explored Cubans’ access limitations and the activities they do online, as well as what Internet access means to them. We conducted interviews with 12 Cuban Internet users and observed their social media use. Our findings suggest that access limitations and slow network speeds greatly restrict Cubans’ Internet use. To counter these limitations, Cubans are collaborative, often conducting online research and posting photos for friends with less access.Current Internet penetration is estimated between 5 to 25%, with only 5% of the population having full access. The rest have limited access that includes a national e-mail system, pro-government websites, and some other services ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Scola", "given" : "Nancy", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Washington Post", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "title" : "Only 5 percent of Cubans can get on the same Internet Americans do. That could soon change.", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[9]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[9]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[9]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[9]. Cubans with email access often do not have web access. It is more common to have access to email than to the wider Internet. Participants reported Facebook as the most popular social networking site as well as website. In a context in which most people do not have consistent access to any kind of communications technology including telephone, intermittent access to Facebook is used for basic communication for both work and socializing. Participants with lower access reported that they rely on others to help maintain their Facebook presence, highlighting the importance of collaborative use of Internet tools. Cuba IntercambioBased on our previous findings, at the time of this writing we are deploying a crowd-sourced information system called Cuba Intercambio. Our research has shown that Cubans are eager to access information from outside their country but are limited by restrictions such as content blocks, high access costs, and time limitations. Access to email is more widespread than access to the Internet more generally. As we have shown, Cubans are already using collaborative methods to access and share information. Drawing from these findings, we have developed an online group that encourages exchanges between individuals living in Cuba and the rest of the world. Cubans may send information requests to volunteers living outside of Cuba. We envision a combination of crowdsourced information retrieval and cultural exchange. We found that Cubans are eager to show outsiders what life is like in Cuba. Consequently, the information service will be two-way, allowing people outside Cuba to ask questions of Cuban citizens. Making the system two-way will also help keep implicit power relationships more nearly equal, fostering a spirit of mutual respect and desire for increased understanding.How it WorksTo build an initial version, we are prototyping with existing technologies ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "ISBN" : "9781450331456", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Grevet", "given" : "Catherine", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Gilbert", "given" : "Eric", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15)", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015" ] ] }, "page" : "4047-4056", "title" : "Piggyback Prototyping : Using Existing, Large-Scale Social Computing Systems To Prototype New Ones", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[6]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[6]", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[6]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[6] using a combination of a Facebook group and email in order to allow Cubans with email access to more easily retrieve information through a network of people living outside of Cuba who have access to high-speed Internet and non-censored content. For this pilot study, we have created an email address that people can email with a search query (for example: ‘when is the next lunar eclipse?'). We then post the anonymous requests to the Cuba Intercambio Facebook group. Members of the group field the request by running Internet searches and copying the results to the posts on the Facebook group. We then respond to the original requester via email with the group's responses. It is also possible for people in Cuba to ask questions directly to the Facebook group. Further, people outside of Cuba will be able to ask Cubans with access to Facebook about daily life in Cuba, tips for travel to Cuba, etc. We hope to encourage a cross-cultural dialogue. Accessibility is a key goal. We aim is to make the system workable with the Internet access Cubans have now, and scale gracefully to remain useful if/when their access increases. We expect the information retrieval aspect of our group to be useful for only a short period of time, after which more Cubans will have direct Internet access. In addition to providing our participants with information, we also aim to build relationships between Cubans and participants outside Cuba. By observing the activity in the group, we will gain insights into the ways in which information access via the Internet can affect the culture and beliefs of a literate but isolated population.MethodsThroughout this study, we will collect usage data for each user of the Facebook group as well as those that email the system. Using ethnographic and anthropological methodology as a foundation, we will also conduct semi-structured interviews and participant-observation with users of our group. Open QuestionsThrough this study, we are interested in exploring several open questions, including:What types of information do Cubans seek through Cuba Intercambio?What power issues arise from a system like Cuba Intercambio? Does a two-way communication aspect help to mitigate these power issues?How does information access via the Internet affect the culture and beliefs of our participants?ConclusionWe have presented a new method for meeting Cuban’s information needs. Based on research using user-centered design, we developed Cuba Intercambio by taking into account the contexts, interests and needs as reported to us by participants. We are aware that complex issues exist surrounding cultural and value differences, power balances, and political tensions. Through the continual examinations of our own subjectivity ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.3102/0013189X017007017", "abstract" : "It is no more useful for researchers to acknowledge simply that subjectivity is an invariable component of their research than it is for them to assert that their ideal is to achieve objec- tivity. Acknowledgments and assertions are not sufficient. Beginning with the premise that subjectivity is inevitable, this paper argues that researchers should systematically seek out their subjectivity, not retrospectively when the data have been collected and the analysis is complete, but while their research is actively in progress. The purpose of doing so is to enable researchers to be aware of how their subjectivity may be shaping their inquiry and its outcomes. In this paper I demonstrate the pursuit of my subjectivity in the course of year-long fieldwork in a multiethnic high school.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Peshkin", "given" : "Alan", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Educational Researcher", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "7", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1988" ] ] }, "page" : "17-21", "title" : "In Search of Subjectivity - One's Own", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "17" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "[7]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[7]" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "" }[7], iterative design that includes our participants as co-designers, and input from other researchers, we seek to explore these issues in hopes that our participants may benefit from our research. ReferencesADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.Peter Baker. 2014. U.S. to Restore Full Relations With Cuba, Erasing a Last Trace of Cold War Hostility. New York Times. Retrieved April 29, 2015 from Roberts Biddle. 2013. Rationing the Digital: The Politics and Policy of Internet Use in Cuba Today. Internet Monitor Special Report Series 1.3.Karen DeYoung. 2015. U.S. and Cuba set to formally reestablish diplomatic relations - The Washington Post. Washington Post. Retrieved July 24, 2015 from world/national-security/us-cuba-prepare-to-re-establish-diplomatic-relations/2015/07/17/5304 d4f6-2cc4-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html4.Michaelanne Dye, Annie Antón, and Amy S Bruckman. 2016. Early Adopters of the Internet and Social Media in Cuba. CSCW ’16. 2818048.28199475.Freedom House. 2014. Freedom on the Net: Cuba. Retrieved April 29, 2015 from https:// report/freedom-net/2014/cuba6.Catherine Grevet and Eric Gilbert. 2015. Piggyback Prototyping?: Using Existing, Large-Scale Social Computing Systems To Prototype New Ones. CHI ’15, 4047–4056.7.Alan Peshkin. 1988. In Search of Subjectivity - One’s Own. Educational Researcher 17, 7, 17–21. 8.Larry Press. 2011. Past, Present, and Future of the Internet in Cuba. Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy 21. Retrieved April 24, 2015 from Scola. 2014. Only 5 percent of Cubans can get on the same Internet Americans do. That could soon change. Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2015 from the-switch/wp/2014/12/17/cubans-might-soon-actually-be-able-to-get-on-the-real-internet/10.The White House. 2014. FACT SHEET: Charting a New Course on Cuba. Retrieved May 12, 2015 from 2014/12/17/fact-sheet-charting-new-course-cuba11.Claire Voeux and Julien Pain. 2006. Going Online in Cuba: Internet Under Surveillance. Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved May 6, 2015 from ................
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