CUMULATIVE DISADVANTAGE IN COGNITIVE CONTROL DUE TO ...

CUMULATIVE DISADVANTAGE IN COGNITIVE CONTROL DUE TO DEPRESSION AND AGING: A DOUBLE JEOPARDY HYPOTHESIS

By VONETTA M. DOTSON

A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006

Copyright 2006 by

Vonetta M. Dotson

To my wonderful parents, who taught me the value of education and loved and believed in me throughout my educational journey, and to my amazing husband, for teaching me

to love and believe in myself

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my mentors, Bill Perlstein, Ph.D. and Michael Marsiske, Ph.D., for their support and supervision. I would also like to thank my research assistant, Jennifer Bugos, for her invaluable assistance in completing this project. In addition, I would like to thank Paul Seignorel and the members of the Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience Lab for their willingness to give assistance whenever needed. This research was supported by National Institute on Aging Grant #R03-AG-024538-01 to Vonetta M. Dotson and Grant T32-AG-020499, an institutional predoctoral training grant funded by the National Institute on Aging to the University of Florida.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv

LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... viii

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1

Cognitive Control in Healthy Aging.............................................................................2 Cognitive Control in Depression ..................................................................................6 Aging and Depression: Double Jeopardy? ...................................................................7 Component Processes of Cognitive Control.................................................................8 Cued-Stroop Task .......................................................................................................10 Scalp-Recorded Brain Event-Related Potentials ........................................................11

Context Encoding and Maintenance....................................................................13 Conflict Detection and Resolution ......................................................................14 Task Switching ....................................................................................................15 Current Studies ...........................................................................................................16

2 EXPERIMENT 1: AGING AND COGNITIVE CONTROL DYSFUNCTION-- EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS AND THE CUED-STROOP TASK ................17

Methods ......................................................................................................................18 Participants ..........................................................................................................18 Procedure .............................................................................................................20 Session 1.......................................................................................................20 Session 2.......................................................................................................22 Electroencephalography Recording and Reduction ............................................24 Data Analysis.......................................................................................................26 Cued-Stroop behavioral data ........................................................................26 Neuropsychological test data .......................................................................27 Electroencephalographic data ......................................................................27

Results.........................................................................................................................29 Behavioral Data ...................................................................................................29

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