CURRENT DEBATES IN ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY

[Pages:80]CURRENT DEBATES IN

ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY

Vahdet ?zko?ak

IJOPEC

PUBLICATION

London ijopec.co.uk Istanbul

VOolL. 14

CURRENT DEBATES IN

ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY

VOLUME 14

Edited By

Vahdet ?zko?ak

Current Debates in Anthropology & Archaeology (Edited by: Vahdet ?zko?ak)

IJOPEC

PUBLICATION

London ijopec.co.uk Istanbul

IJOPEC Publication Limited CRN:10806608 615 7 Baltimore Wharf London E14 9EY United Kingdom

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Current Debates in Anthropology & Archaeology First Edition, April 2018 IJOPEC Publication No: 2018/05

ISBN: 978-1-912503-26-1

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VOLUME 14

CURRENT DEBATES IN ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY Vahdet ?zko?ak

CONTENTS ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................7

PART I / B?L?M I Paleoanthropology and Odontology 1. TREPANATION PRACTICES IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIES AND CULTURES...........................................11 Nevin G?ksal (Turkish National Police Academy)

2. ODONTOMA: A CASE OF ZEYTNL ISLAND (BALIKESR / ERDEK) ODONTOMA: ZEYTNL ADA(BALIKESR / ERDEK) ?RNE............................................................................23 Pinar G?zl?k Kirmiziolu, Saadet Bi?ak, Fadime Suata Alpaslan (Cumhuriyet University)

3. NON METRIC FEATURES IN DETERMINING BIOLOGICAL DISTANCES IN ROMAN-BYZANTINE ANATOLIA POPULATIONS: SPRADON EXAMPLE / ROMA-BZANS ANADOLU TOPLUMLARINDA BYOLOJK UZAKLIKLARIN BELRLENMESNDE NONMETRC ?ZELLKLER: SPRADON ?RNE............................................................31 Ayeg?l arbak (Hitit University)

PART II / B?L?M II Paleopathology

4. ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF PERIOSTITIS IN ANCIENT ANATOLIAN POPULATIONS ESK ANADOLU TOPLUMLARINDA PEROSTTS OLGUSUNUN ANTROPOLOJK A?IDAN NCELENMES..............................................................................................................................................45 Asuman ?irak (Hitit University)

5. A PALEOPATHOLOGICAL FORM IN SPRADON: BUTTON OSTEOMA SPRADON'DA PALEOPATOLOJK BR OLUUM: BUTTON OSTEOMA.............................................................55 Mustafa Tolga ?irak (Hitit University)

PART III / B?L?M III Archaeology and Physical Anthropology 6. SRK: A SOCIAL GROUP DEVOTED TO WORK FOR TEMPLE IN THE ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA ESK MEZOPOTAMYA'DA TAPINAK ?N ?ALIMAYA ADANMI SOSYAL BR GRUP: SRK......................65 Serkan Erdoan (Bitlis Eren University)

7. BODY COMPOSITION VALUES AND OBESITY FREQUENCY IN SCHOOL -AGE CHILDREN OKUL ?AI ?OCUKLARDA V?CUT KOMPOZSYONU DEERLER VE OBEZTE SIKLII.........................71 Vahdet ?zko?ak (Hitit University), Sibel Hande Hin?al (Ankara University), Yener Bekta (Nevehir Haci Bektai Veli University), Timur G?ltekin (Ankara University)

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CURRENT DEBATES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES SERIES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Abdunnur Yildiz Firat University

Adam Safronijevic University of Belgrade

Alfredo Saad-Filho SOAS University of London

Ali Osman ?zt?rk N. Erbakan University

Anastasia P. Valavanidou Ministery of Culture

Aqil Mammadov Azerbaijan State Un.of Economics

Asli Y?ksel Mermod Marmara University

Atilla G?kt?rk Dokuz Eyl?l University

Aye Cebeci Harran University

Baar Soydan Marmara University

Bige Akun Yildirim Marmara University

Birgit Mahnkopf B. School of Econ. & Law

Bora Erdai Kocaeli University

Carlo Alberto Dondona IRES Piemonte

Dallen J. Timothy Arizona State University

Derman K???kaltan stanbul Arel University

Devrim Dumluda Marmara University

Dibyesh Anand University of Westminster

Donald F. Staub B. Onyedi Eyl?l University

Dursun Zengin Ankara University

Elnara Samedova Azerbaijan State Un.of Economics

Elshan Memmedli Azerbaijan State Un.of Economics

Ensar Yilmaz Yildirz Technical University

Erhan Aslanolu Piri Reis University

Erg?n Serinda ?ukurova University

Erich Kirchler University of Vienna

Erika Torres Godinez Un. N. Aut?noma de M?xico

Erin? Yeldan Bilkent University

Erol Turan Kastamonu University

Farhang Morady Westminister University

Fatih Tepebali N. Erbakan University

F. Burcu Candan Kocaeli University

Fikret enses M. East Technical University

Friederick Nixson Manchester University

Georgios Katsangelos A. University of Thessaloniki

G?l?in Takiran Gaziosmanpaa University

G?lten Dursun Kocaeli University

H. G?l?in Beken G?m?hane University

Hakan Kapucu Kocaeli University

Hakan ?niz Akdeniz University

Hatice S?zer stanbul Technical University

Hayri Kozanolu K.Altinba University

Hilal Yildiz Kocaeli University

Hun Joo Park KDI School of P.Policy and M.

nci User Acibadem University

smail iriner Batman University

zzettin ?nder stanbul University

Joachim Becker WU Vienna University

Julia Nentwich University of St.Gallen

Julienne Brabet University Paris-Est Cr?teil

Kadriye ?zt?rk Anadolu University

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CURRENT DEBATES IN ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY Vahdet ?zko?ak

Kaoru Natsuda R. Asia Pacific University

Kemal Yakut Anadolu University

Ljiljana Markovic University of Belgrade

Mahmut Tek?e Marmara University

Makbule iriner ?nver Batman University

Mehmet Okan Taar Sel?uk University

Melih ?z?alik Celal Bayar University

Michalle Mor Barak University of S. California

Mike O'Donnell Westminister University

Milenko Popovic Mediterranean University

Muhammet Ko?ak Gazi University

Mukadder Seyhan Y?cel Trakya University

Murad Tiryakiolu Afyon Kocatepe University

Murat Demir Harran University

Murat Donduran Yildiz Technical University

Murat G?m? Batman University

Murat eker stanbul University

Mustafa Doan Batman University

M. Mustafa Erdodu Marmara University

Naciye Tuba Yilmaz Marmara University

Nazmi Kadri Ekinci

Harran University

Nedko Minkov VUZF University

Nihal . Pinarciolu Batman University

Nurit Zaidman B.G. University of the Negev

Olivia Kyriakidou University of Athens

O. Nejat Akfirat Kocaeli University

?scar Navajas Corral Universidad de Alcal?

Osman K???kahmetolu Marmara University

Oxana Karnaukhova S. Federal University

?rgen Uurlu Kocaeli University

?zlem Erg?t Marmara University

Paul Zarembka New York University

Peter C. Young University of St Thomas

Peter Davis Newcastle University

Reshad Muradov Azerbaijan State Un.of Economics

Salvatore Capasso University of N.Parthenope

Sava ?evik Sel?uk University

Se?il Pa?aci Elitok Michigan State University

S. Emre Dilek Batman University

Sevda Mutlu Akar B. Onyedi Eyl?l University

Sevin? G?ler ?z?alik Dokuz Eyl?l University

Sinan Al?in K?lt?r University

Sueda ?zbent Marmara University

S?deba Salihova Azerbaijan State Un.of Economics

S?leyman Kara?or Sel?uk University

enel Ger?ek Kocaeli University

?kr? Aslan M. Sinan Fine Arts University

Tahir Balci ?ukurova University

Targan ?nal Okan University

Thankom Gopinath Arun University of Essex

Timur G?ltekin Ankara University

Tofiq Abdulhasanli Azerbaijan State Un.of Economics

Turgay Berksoy Marmara University

Umut Balci Batman University

Yilmaz Kili?aslan Anadolu University

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ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF TODAY

Anthropology treats people as a biocultural entity. In general terms, it studies the human biological, psychological, social, and cultural bases at a societial level and examines the relationships among them. Since anthropology is a scientific discipline that researches every aspect of the human being, its scope is quite broad. It treats the human being as a biological entity and examines human morphology, anatomy, and physiology in detail. The person is interested in the psychological structure of the person because he thinks that he is dreaming, he can establish relations between events and is an emotional entity. Since man is a social being, his relationships with other people around him, his interactions, and his social life are among the interests of Anthropology. In addition, the traditions of societies, their forms of behavior, and their attitudes towards environmental conditions also fall under the scope of Anthropology. The recognition and evaluation of the biological and cultural structures of people who lived in the past are within the scope of Anthropology. Another language that Anthropology is interested in is the language in which people can easily express their feelings, thoughts, and desires.

Anthropology is grouped into three branches: Social (Cultural) Anthropology, Physical Anthropology, and Paleoanthropology in our country. Linguistic (Language) Anthropology is also included in Social Anthropology. Archeology is a separate section.

In Europe, Social, Linguistic, and Biological (combined physical and paleoanthropology) Anthropology is grouped into branch branches. Archeology is a separate section. In the United States (USA), there are five branches of the discipline: Anthropology, Cultural, Language, Archaeological, Biological Anthropology, and Applied Anthropology. In recent years, Applied Anthropology has emerged in America, and it emerges as a field of study that covers how information from the science of Anthropology can be applied to public health and development projects.

Physical Anthropology, which treats today's human being as a biological being, examines the morphological, anatomical, and physiological structure and properties of a person. Investigates the structure and characteristics of man by studying at the population level. It closely monitors the genetic structure responsible for the emergence of human morphological, anatomical, and physiological structure and properties and all environmental factors. For this reason, Physical Anthropology has many sub-sciences. It studies the hereditary structure and properties of man by means of genetic and human genetic sciences.

Paleoanthropology establishes a bridge between the past and present with the findings obtained by investigating all the changes that human beings have had in terms of anatomical, biological and morphological aspects, from the beginning to the present day.

Social Anthropology tries to understand the social and cultural diversity of human communities, which are intertwined with geographical, historical, and economic characteristics. The root, or the belief, that a parallel development in natural sciences must be experienced in social sciences, that is, the belief that societies can be comprehended just like nature, to the developmental and expansionist political climate of the 20th century. Among the social sciences emerging from this environment, Social Anthropology also reveals their first work thanks to Edward Tylor and James George Frazer. But these studies lack the theoretical and methodological consistency and strength to establish the identity of Social Anthropology. This stage for development, XIX. At the beginning of the 19th century, Bronislaw Malinowski's ethnographic method, which he described through participatory observation and direct

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CURRENT DEBATES IN ANTHROPOLOGY & ARCHAEOLOGY Vahdet ?zko?ak

inquiry techniques. With his long-time ethnographic studies, which later included himself, Social Anthropology gained an increasingly theoretical accumulation, and from that day on, day-to-day functionalism, structuralism, etc. provide significant contributions to the understanding of the theoretical paradigms.

Archeology collects all kinds of material cultural remains from the old eras, makes classes, that is, catal?ts, evaluates the discoveries and conditions of the works, and draws conclusions, thereby describing and describing the remnants of ancient civilizations. Archeology Science can only achieve clearer and more efficient results with studies carried out jointly with branches of science such as Philology, Geology, Ethnology, and Especially, Anthropology.

Archeology can be said to be a fundamental part of the Anthropology Science, which in fact deals with humanity in its widest scope and which means "Human science". Anthropology examines the biological and cultural structure of man. It discusses the evolution and development of human being as a biological creature, its relationship and similarities with ancient species and humans, the study of similarities or differences between the nearest living beings, as well as the concrete and intangible cultural structures of humans. For this reason, it is extremely important that the science of archeology and anthropology work together.

Both Archeology and Anthropology's main objective is to enlighten the biological and cultural evolution of mankind. In terms of general perception on archaeologists, anthropologists are scientists who elaborate on the cultural similarities and differences of humankind and societies, not only examining all aspects that are reflected day by day since human existence, but also those who examine skeletons in archaeological excavations. For this reason, these two scientists have to work in continuous communication with each other and to carry out coordinated projects.

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